1,006 research outputs found
Guest editorial introduction to the Special Issue on bio-hybrid systems and living machines
No full textRicardo's economics: a general equilibrium theory of distribution and growth
No full textTogether with Marx's Economics and Walras' Economics this book completes a sequence by Professor Morishima on the first generation of scientific economists. The author concentrates on Ricardo's main work, The Principles, and shows that his economics is the prototype of mathematical economics without the symbols and formulae. Morishima then translates Ricardo's economics into mathematical language to find a general equilibrium system concealed within. The analysis contradicts the conventional view that marginalism emerged in opposition to classical economics, showing instead that Ricardian analysis is firmly based on marginalist principles, using prices, wages, and profits rather than labor values. The book ends with a discussion of the historical character of economic theory and an attempt to specify the epoch of Ricardian economics
Ricardo's Economics
No full textThis book, together with Marx's Economic and Walras' Economics, completes a sequence of titles by Professor Morishima on the first generation of scientific economists. The author's assessment of Ricardo differs substantially from the established views adopted by economists and historians of economic thought. While economists such as Pasinetti, Caravale and Samuelson have concentrated on macroeconomic interpretations of Ricardo, and historians of economic thought have emphasised his labour theory of value, Morishima takes a different course. In this book the author concentrates on Ricardo's main work, The Principles, and shows that his economics is the prototype of mathematical economies without the symbols and formulae. Morishima then translates Ricardo's economics into mathematical language to find a general equilibrium system (very similar to Walras') concealed within. The analysis also contradicts the conventional view that marginalism emerged in opposition to classical economics, showing instead that Ricardian analysis is firmly based on marginalist principles, using prices, wages and profits rather than labour values. The book ends with a discussion of the historical character of economic theory and an attempt to specify the epoch of Ricardian economics.</jats:p
Exploitation of Labour and Exploitation of Commodities: a “New Interpretation”
No full textIn the standard Okishio-Morishima approach, the existence of profits is proved to be equivalent to the exploitation of labour. Yet, it can also be proved that the existence of profits is equivalent to the ‘exploitation’ of any good. Labour and commodity exploitation are just different numerical representations of the productiveness of the economy. This paper presents an alternative approach to exploitation theory which is related to the New Interpretation (Duménil 1980; Foley 1982). In this approach, labour exploitation captures unequal social relations among producers. The equivalence between the existence of profits and labour exploitation holds, whereas it is proved that there is no relation between profits and commodity ‘exploitation’.Exploitation, Profits, Generalised Commodity Exploitation Theorem, New Interpretation
Fabrication and characteristics of 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum/aromatic diamine organic multiple quantum well and its use for electroluminescent diode
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Yutaka Ohmori, Akihiko Fujii, Masao Uchida, Chikayoshi Morishima, and Katsumi Yoshino, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 3250 (1993) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.109089.Multiple quantum well structure consisting of alternating layers of organic 8‐hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) and aromatic diamine (TPD) has been grown by organic molecular beam deposition. The multiple quantum well structure was determined by x‐ray diffraction, optical absorption, and photoluminescence. Photoluminescence peak of Alq3 shifts to higher energy with decreasing layer thickness, suggesting a quantum size effect. An electroluminescent diode has also been fabricated by using Alq3/TPD multiple quantum well structure
Analysis of composite wing structures with a morphing leading edge
No full textOne of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact. Over the past years, improvements in performance efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and using composite materials to reduce the overall weight. These approaches however, are not sufficient to meet the current demanding requirements set for a „greener‟ aircraft.
Significant changes in drag reduction and fuel consumption can be obtained by using new technologies, such as smart morphing structures. These concepts will in fact help flow laminarisation, which will increase the lift to drag ratio. Furthermore, the capability to adapt the wing shape will enable to optimise the aerodynamic performance not only for a single flight condition but during the entire mission. This will significantly improve the aircraft efficiency.
The current research work has been carried out as part of the European Commission founded Seventh Framework Program called „Smart High Lift Device for the Next Generation Wing‟ (SADE), which main aim is to develop and study morphing high lift devices. The author‟s investigation focused on developing a design concept for the actuation mechanism of a morphing leading edge device. A detailed structural analysis has been carried out in order to demonstrate its feasibility.In the first phase of the research the attention was directed on the preliminary design and analysis of the composite wing box. The parameters of the key structural components, such as skin, spars, ribs and stringers were set to satisfy the static stress and buckling requirements. Moreover, numerical and experimental studies were conducted to analyse the static failure and buckling behaviour of two typical composite wing structural components: a spar section and a web and base joint assembly.
In the second stage of the research, a design for the morphing leading edge actuation mechanism was developed. The actuation system was designed in such a way that the target shape was reached with minimum actuation force demand. A geometrical nonlinear FE analysis was conducted to simulate the leading edge morphing deflection and ensure that structural strength requirements were satisfied. Furthermore, the behaviour of the skin integrated with the internal actuation mechanism was modelled under the aerodynamic pressure, at different flight conditions and gust loads, in order to prove that the proposed actuation system can compete with the conventional rigid rib.
This study demonstrated that a feasible morphing leading edge design for a next generation large aircraft wing can be achieved. Developing the readiness of this technology will have a significant impact on aircraft efficiency and considerable contribution towards a more environmental friendly aviation
Observation of spectral narrowing and emission energy shift in organic electroluminescent diode utilizing 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum/aromatic diamine multilayer structure
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Yutaka Ohmori, Akihiko Fujii, Masao Uchida, Chikayoshi Morishima, and Katsumi Yoshino, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1871 (1993) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.110632.Organic electroluminescent (EL) diode with a multilayer structure which consists of alternating layers of organic 8‐hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) and aromatic diamine has been grown by organic molecular beam deposition. The EL emission from the multilayer structure shows spectral narrowing and the emission energy has been observed to shift to higher energy compared with that in the monolayer structure. Mechanism of spectral narrowing and the emission energy shift in the diode with the multilayer structure have been discussed
‘The one person in the world who has the peculiar knowledge and experience necessary …’: The Life and Career of Morishima Kakufusa
No full textDuring his lifetime Morishima Kakufusa was closely connected with Japanese expansionist schemes in Mongolia, as a monk, a trader, a lecturer, an author, an escort for academic explorers and a military intelligence officer. The specifics of Morishima’s employers at various points throughout his long career are unclear, but an examination of his career provides some idea of the different groups and individuals in Japanese society who sought to implement either direct or indirect Japanese control over Mongolia during the first four decades of the twentieth century. Moreover, the promotion of Morishima’s career by his hometown of Tokunoshima in the twenty-first century is an example of how some in Japan at the present time are presenting the imperial era in a more positive light
Elasticities of Substitution and Complementarity
No full textThis paper is a modern synthesis of the more than seventy years of literature on the elasticity of substitution. At times, authors, such as Mundlak, have provided syntheses of the literature but these often seem to be forgotten by later authors and particularly by applied economists. I synthesize several of these approaches with the full development of duality theory. There are many different legitimate definitions of the ES and the elasticity of complementarity (EC). None of these is the one true ES - which one is useful depends on what we wish to measure. As their value and even sign can vary dramatically, the choice of the appropriate indicator is important. I propose a classification scheme: primal vs. dual measures, gross vs. net measures, ratio, scalar and mixed elasticities, and four different basic concepts of substitution and complementarity. Additionally, the Pigou Elasticity of Complementarity is reintroduced after seventy years of obscurity and a new derivation of the basic Hicks (or direct) ES is provided. The implications for the energy-capital controversy are also briefly discussed and an empirical example shows how the various elasticities differ.
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