222,503 research outputs found
Replication data for: Bridging Level-K to Nash Equilibrium
No full textLevin, Dan, and Zhang, Luyao, (2022) “Bridging Level-K to Nash Equilibrium.” Review of Economics and Statistics 104:6, 1329–1340
K-delayed strong detectability of discrete-event systems
No full textAmong notions of detectability for a discrete-event system (DES), strong detectability implies that after a finite number of observations to every infinitely long output/label sequence generated by the DES, the current state can be uniquely determined. This notion is strong so that by using it the current state can be easily determined. In order to keep the advantage of strong detectability and weaken its disadvantage, we can additionally take some subsequent outputs into account in order to determine the current state. Such a modified observation will make some DES that is not strongly detectable become strongly detectable in a weaker sense, which we call K-delayed strong detectability if we observe at least K outputs after the time at which the state need to be determined. In this paper, we study K-delayed strong detectability for DESs modeled by finite-state automata (FSAs), and give a polynomial-time verification algorithm by using a novel concurrent-composition method. Note that the algorithm applies to all FSAs. Also by the method, an upper bound for K has been found, and we also obtain polynomial-time verification algorithms for (k1, k)-detectability and (k1, k)-D-detectability of FSAs firstly studied by [Shu and Lin, 2013]. Our algorithms strength the corresponding polynomial-time verification algorithms given by Shu and Lin based on the usual assumptions of deadlock-freeness and promptness (i.e., there is no reachable unobservable cycle)
Kapsa (Rigida) Cao & Zhang
No full textKey to males of Kapsa (Rigida) Cao & Zhang sgen. n. 1. Anal tube appendage rudimentary, small, not hooked at apex...................... K. apicispina Yang & Zhang sp. nov. - Anal tube appendage well developed, hooked apically (Figs 5 b, 6 b, 8 b, 9 b, 10 e, 11 c, 12 c, 13 c)........................ 2 2. Anal tube appendage curved cephalad in larteral view................................ K. maculata Sohi & Mann, 1992 - Anal tube appendage curved caudad in lateral view (Figs 5 b, 6 b, 8 b, 9 b, 10 e, 11 c, 12 c, 13 c)........................... 3 3. Aedeagus without ventral process near base of shaft (Figs 5 h, 6g, 11 i, 13g)........................................ 4 - Aedeagus with unpaired ventral process near base of shaft (Figs 8 h, 9g, 10 j, 12 i)................................... 7 4. Aedeagal shaft with ventral process near apex (Figs 6 g, 13g)................................................... 5 - Aedeagal shaft without process (Figs 5 h, 11 i)............................................................... 6 5. Paramere forked apically, with apical and basal branch, aedeagal shaft with small thornlike process ventro-apically (Fig. 6 e, g)...................................................................... K. aculeiformis Cao & Zhang sp. nov. - Paramere bifurcated apically, with dorsal and ventral branch, aedeagal shaft with large serrated protrusion ventro-medially (Fig. 13 e, g)................................................................ K. serrata Cao & Zhang sp. nov. 6. Apex of paramere straight, aedeagal shaft expanded in lateral view (Fig. 11 f, i)......... K. imminuta Yang & Zhang sp. nov. - Apex of paramere sinuate, aedeagal shaft not expanded in lateral view (Figs 5 e, f, h).......... K. alba Dworakowska, 1981 7. Ventral process not extended to midlength of aedeagal shaft (Figs 8 h, 9g)......................................... 8 - Ventral process surpassing midlength of aedeagal shaft (Figs 10 j, 12 i)........................................... 10 8. Paramere footlike apically, heel expanded, ventral processes of aedeagus rounded in lateral view (Fig. 9 e, g)...................................................................................... K. explanata Cao & Zhang sp. nov. - Paramere with second extension apically, ventral processes of aedeagus pointed in lateral view (Fig. 8 h, i)............... 9 9. Aedeagal shaft expanded in lateral view, almost straight............................... K. minuta Dworakowska, 1994 - Aedeagal shaft not expanded in lateral view, obviously curved ventrad (Fig. 8 h)........... K. brevis Cao & Zhang sp. nov. 10. Ventral process of aedeagus with broadened and concave apex in caudal view....... K. borealis Dworakowska & Sohi, 1978 - Ventral process of aedeagus pointed apically in caudal view (Figs 10 k, 12 j)....................................... 11 11. Paramere forked apically (Fig. 10 h).............................................. K. furcata Cao & Zhang sp. nov. - Paramere not forked apically (Fig. 12 g)................................................................... 12 12. Aedeagus with base of ventral process broader than that of shaft in lateral view (Fig. 12 i).................................................................................................. K. megaprocessa Cao & Zhang sp. nov. - Aedeagus with base of ventral process slightly narrower than that of shaft in lateral view......................................................................................... K. simlensis Dworakowska, Nagaich & Singh, 1978Published as part of Yang, Meixia, Cao, Yanghui & Zhang, Yalin, 2013, Taxonomic study of the genus Kapsa Dworakowska with a new subgenus, and new combinations and records for Tautoneura Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 117-142 in Zootaxa 3630 (1) on page 128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3630.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/22287
Genome-wide association analysis on pre-harvest sprouting resistance and grain color in US winter wheat
No full textCitation: Lin, M., Zhang, D. D., Liu, S. B., Zhang, G. R., Yu, J. M., Fritz, A. K., & Bai, G. H. (2016). Genome-wide association analysis on pre-harvest sprouting resistance and grain color in US winter wheat. Bmc Genomics, 17, 16. doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3148-6Background: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat can cause substantial reduction in grain yield and end-use quality. Grain color (GC) together with other components affect PHS resistance. Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been reported for PHS resistance, and two of them on chromosome 3AS (TaPHS1) and 4A have been cloned. Methods: To determine genetic architecture of PHS and GC and genetic relationships of the two traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted by evaluating a panel of 185 U.S. elite breeding lines and cultivars for sprouting rates of wheat spikes and GC in both greenhouse and field experiments. The panel was genotyped using the wheat 9K and 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Results: Four QTL for GC on four chromosomes and 12 QTL for PHS resistance on 10 chromosomes were identified in at least two experiments. QTL for PHS resistance showed varied effects under different environments, and those on chromosomes 3AS, 3AL, 3B, 4AL and 7A were the more frequently identified QTL. The common QTL for GC and PHS resistance were identified on the long arms of the chromosome 3A and 3D. Conclusions: Wheat grain color is regulated by the three known genes on group 3 chromosomes and additional genes from other chromosomes. These grain color genes showed significant effects on PHS resistance in some environments. However, several other QTL that did not affect grain color also played a significant role on PHS resistance. Therefore, it is possible to breed PHS-resistant white wheat by pyramiding these non-color related QTL
Zhang et al., 2020
No full textTable S1. Magnesium isotopic compositions of standards and samples from the Liuchapo Formation and Niutitang Formation, along with carbon isotopic compositions and total organic carbon of samples across the E-C boundary succession at the Bahuang section, South China.
Table S2. Concentrations of some major elements, and K/Ti, Mg/Ti, Ca/Ti and Fe/Ti molar ratios, along with chemical index of alteration and Al/Ti, Al/Si ratios across the E-C boundary succession at the Bahuang section, South China
Constructing the best symmetric full K-ion battery with the NASICON-type K(3) V(2)(PO(4)) (3)
No full textSymmetric full-cells, which employ two identical electrodes as both the cathode and anode, attract great research attention, because it has high safety, facial fabrication and lower costs. Unfortunately, the practical utilization of full symmetric energy storage systems, especially the symmetric potassium ion batteries (KIBs), is hindered by the limited choice of the available electrode materials. In this work, a novel NASICON-type K3V2(PO4)3 is prepared and first employed for the symmetric KIBs. Through in-situ measurement, a highly lattice reversibility is found during the K+ insertion/extraction process. KV2(PO4)3 and K5V2(PO4)3 was generated after the depotassiation and potassiation process at about 4.0 V and below 1.0 V, respectively. The reversible capacity of the full symmetric KIBs is about 90 mAh g−1 between 0.01 and 3.0 V at 25 mA g−1, corresponding to an initial coulombic efficiency of 91.7% which is the highest one among all the previous reported symmetric energy storage systems (including the symmetric lithium/sodium ion batteries). 88.6% reversible capacity was maintained even after 500 cycling test. More importantly, a largest working potential at about 2.3 V was obtained in this work, benefiting the output energy of this symmetric energy storage system. The outstanding cycling stability, large working potential and the highest initial coulombic efficiency endow this work with promising advantages for the future development of the novel energy storage system.Lei Zhang, Binwei Zhang, Chengrui Wang, Yuhai Dou, Qing Zhang, Yajie Liu ... et al
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