18 research outputs found
The biology and ecology of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna
No full textMade available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2015Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Antártico de Pesquisas Ambientais (INCT-APA)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Physiological studies suggest that Antarctic marine organisms are adversely affected by rising global temperatures and ocean acidification and have poor prospects for survival. However, according to ecological studies, their vulnerability might be less severe than initially thought. Thus, a realistic forecast of species survival and Antarctic biodiversity should be based on studies from a variety of species under consideration of ecological factors. The limpet Nacella concinna is often found in the rocky intertidal and sublittoral zones of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent subantarctic islands. This review summarizes most of the available information on the biology of this limpet, one of the most conspicuous invertebrates of the intertidal zone. There is some evidence that adult N. concinna are physiologically flexible and can acclimate to 3 A degrees C. However, the requirements of the larval stage are poorly known, thus precluding realistic predictions of how elevated temperatures will affect N. concinna populations. Data on physiological performance (righting ability, tenacity and radula rasping rate) under different temperatures could provide a useful baseline for further field investigations on the effects of warming. The species could be used as model organism for investigating the biological effects of ongoing global warming on slow-growing Antarctic ectotherms. Nacella concinna might also be a better biomonitor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than other Antarctic mollusks.[Suda, Cecilia N. K.; Vani, Gannabathula S.; de Oliveira, Mariana Feijo; Rodrigues, Edson, Jr.; Rodrigues, Edson; Lavrado, Helena P.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Natl Inst Sci & Technol Antarctic Environm Res IN, Headquarters, BR-21941902 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil[Suda, Cecilia N. K.; Vani, Gannabathula S.; de Oliveira, Mariana Feijo; Rodrigues, Edson] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Basic Biosci Inst, BR-12030180 Taubate, SP, Brazil[de Oliveira, Mariana Feijo; Rodrigues, Edson, Jr.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Cell Biol, BR-81990970 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil[Lavrado, Helena P.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Marine Biol, BR-21941902 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazi
Significance of Listening Skills in Enhancing the Communication Skills
No full textGrasping of any kind of information relies on learners’ capability of listening. Listening plays a significant role in regular communication and academic success. Students get succeeded in enhancing the communication skills, if they can understand the listening skills. Though listening is an important skill, it has been ignored in second language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. This study focuses at probing the significance of listening skills in enhancing the communication skills. It is possible for the learners to gain good communication skills, if they are strong in listening skills. It is observed that practicing of listening skills like; listening to music, watching English movies, attending English language courses develops the listening skills of the students. This study shows how Computer Assisted Language Learning helps in improving the listening skills of the students. If students acquire the listening skills, they can develop the communication skills
Cross Resistance Patterns Associated with Spinosad Resistant Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in South India
No full textAim: To study the cross resistance patterns associated with Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in south India.
Study Design: Bioassay.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad,Telangana from February 2010 to May 2011.
Methodology: Spinosad resistant Helicoverpa armigera population in F1 and F2 subjected to different insecticides to know the cross resistance patterns associated.
Results: American bollworm population of Mahaboobnagar has developed 0.308 and 0.646 folds and 0.284 and 0.624 folds in Raichur population as compared with the Nagpur baseline population at F1. Mahaboobnagar population displayed a negative cross resistance ratio of 0.677 fold to cypermethrin, 0.806 fold to methomyl, 0.935 fold to indoxacarb and positive cross resistance of 1.039 fold to spinosad, similar trend was followed in Raichur population with a negative cross resistance ratio of 0.918 fold to cypermethrin, 0.543 fold to methomyl, 0.642 fold to indoxacarb and 1.060 fold to spinosad. Further, the Nagpur population exihibited a similar trend with a negative cross resistance ratio of 0.604 fold to cypermethrin, 0.690 fold to methomyl, 0.570 fold to indoxacarb and positive cross resistance ratio of 1.077 fold to spinosad at F3.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the continuous application of same insecticide across the generations increases the resistance from F1 to F3. Alternating the new chemistries with old conventional chemicals results in no cross resistance development as it was observed in all three populations studied
Evidence of metabolic microevolution of the limpet Nacella concinna to naturally high heavy metal levels in Antarctica
No full textMade available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2017Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA)Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI)Secretaria da Comissão Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (SECIRM)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)The gastropod Nacella concinna is the most conspicuous macroinvertebrate of the intertidal zone of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands. Naturally high levels of copper and cadmium in coastal marine ecosystems are accumulated in N. concinna tissues. We aimed to study the effects of metal cations on N. concinna arginase in the context of possible adaptive microevolution. Gills and muscle had the highest argininolytic activity, which was concentrated in the cytosol in both tissues. Gills had the highest levels of arginase and may be involved in the systemic control of L-arginine levels. The relatively high argininolytic activity of the N. concinna muscular foot, with K-M = 25.3 +/- 3.4 mmol L-1, may be involved in the control of L-arginine levels during phosphagen breakdown. N. concinna arginases showed the following preferences for metal cations: Ni2+ > Mn2+ > Co2+ > Cu2+ in muscle and Mn2+ > Cu2+ in gills. Cu2+ activation is a unique characteristic of N. concinna arginases, as copper is a potent arginase inhibitor. Cu2+ partly neutralized N. concinna arginase inhibition by Cd2+, worked synergistically in muscle arginase activation by Co2+ and neutralized muscle arginase activation by Ni2+. Mn2+ was able to activate muscle arginase in the presence of Fe3+ and Pb2+. The selection of arginases that are activated by Cu2+ and resistant to inhibition by Cd2+ in the presence of Cu2+ over evolutionary timescales may have favored N. concinna occupation of copper- and cadmium-rich niches. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.[de Oliveira, Mariana Feijo; Rodrigues Junior, Edson; Kawagoe Suda, Cecilia Nahomi; Vani, Gannabathula Sree; Rodrigues, Edson] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Basic Biosci Inst[Donatti, Lucelia] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Cell Biol, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil[Lavrado, Helena Passeri] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Marine Biol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazi
A review of biologic anti-cancer medicines
No full textBiologic medicines prepared using living organisms by the process of biotechnology have demonstrated improved bioavailability, specificity and effectiveness in the treatment of various diseases especially cancer. Cancer is caused due to malfunctioning of the immune system, and biologic therapy can repair, stimulate, or enhance the immune response. Biologic antibodies prepared in laboratory can bind to the surface of cancer cells and target them in a specific way. They can also work synergistically with chemotherapy to improve the outcome. Since biologics utilize the immune system, it may be advantageous to use them before the immune system is compromised. In spite of these advantages, high cost of these products may limit their use. The first biologic approved for therapeutic use was biosynthetic “human” insulin made by recombinant DNA technology in 1982. Since then, biologics have had a profound effect on rheumatology, dermatology, gastroenterology, oncology, and other medical disciplines. Conventional treatments like surgery and radiotherapy are effective in case of localized tumors, but may not be effective for disseminated disease or tumors located in non-invasive areas that are difficult or dangerous to reach. Despite the potency of cytotoxic chemotherapy and the specificity of immunotherapy, neither method alone has been sufficient to eradicate the disease. There is evidence that standard chemotherapy may work in synergy with active immunization for more effective antitumor immunity, and there is great potential for the combination of these treatment modalities. This review aims to enumerate the various biologic anti-cancer preparations available in market along with their mechanism of action and intended medical use
Population Dynamics of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and its Natural Enemies Maize in India
No full textThe studies on seasonal incidence of Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on Maize in India was carried out at Maize research centre Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during Rabi 2022-23. The correlation studies revealed that the percent infestation of FAW was found to be negatively significant with maximum temperatures (-0.491*) and positively significant with morning relative humidity (0.565*). Correlation of natural enemies (coccinellids, spiders, earwigs) with weather parameters (Maximum temperature, Minimum temperature, Relative humidity during morning and evening) revealed that coccinellids, spiders and earwigs were found to be positively significant with maximum temperature and spiders found to be negatively significant with evening relative humidity. They were found to be non-significant with remaining parameters
Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Associated Cross Resistance Patterns in South Indian Crop Ecosystem
No full textAim: To study the cross resistance patterns associated with Mahaboobnagar, Raichur, Nagpur populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner).
Study design: Bioassay
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out from February 2010 to May 2011 at Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Methodology: Helicoverpa armigera was selected for indoxacarb in F1 and F2 continuously then the population subjected to different selected insecticides to know the cross resistance patterns associated.
Results: Mahaboobnagar population recorded 1.109 and 0.816 fold resistance at LD50 and LD90, respectively, while Raichur population has developed still higher levels of relative resistance by 1.591 and 0.846 fold when compared with the Nagpur population at LD50 and LD90, respectively. Similarly, the Raichur population has developed 1.435 and 1.037 folds relative resistance at LD50 and LD90, respectively as compared with the Mahaboobnagar population.
The Mahaboobnagar population resistant to indoxacarb at F3, when subjected to selected insecticides like cypermethrin, methomyl, spinosad showed a negative cross resistance ratio of 0.665, 0.830, 0.916 to cypermethrin, methomyl, spinosad respectively, and a positive cross resistance ratio of 1.019 to indoxacarb, while similar trend was displayed by Raichur population showing a negative cross resistance ratio of 0.932, 0.565, 0.803 to cypermethrin, methomyl, spinosad respectively and positive cross resistance of 1.036 indoxacarb further, same trend was shown by Nagpur population by displaying a negative cross resistance ratio of 0.610, 0.735, 0.519 to cypermethrin, methomyl, spinosad and positive cross resistance ratio of 1.026 to indoxacarb.
Conclusion: Continuous application of single insecticide belonging to a specific group across the generations increases the resistance from F1 to F3. Alternating the new chemistries with old conventional chemicals resulted in no cross resistance development as it was observed in all test populations
Interactions of temperature, salinity and diesel oil on antioxidant defense enzymes of the limpet Nacella concinna
No full textMade available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2015Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA)Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Secretariat of the Inter-ministerial Commission for the Resources of the Sea (SeCIRM)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Antártico de Pesquisas Ambientais (INCT-APA)The intertidal and subtidal environments in the Antarctic Peninsula are vulnerable to pollutants, such as diesel oil, a commonly used fuel. Nacelle concinna is capable of accumulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and is a potential biomonitor of diesel oil contamination. This work investigates the interaction of diesel oil, temperature and salinity on the activity of antioxidants enzymes defense of the gills, foot muscle and digestive glands. Upregulation of superoxide dismutase occurred in the three tissues by warming. The foot muscle catalase and the gill glutathione reductase were upregulated only by diesel. The inability to upregulate catalase and glutathione S-transferase in the digestive gland, as well as the increase of lipoperoxidation, suggested that this gland is more susceptible to the deleterious effects from oxidative stress. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[de Oliveira, Mariana Feijo; Rodrigues Junior, Edson; Donatti, Lucelia] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Cell Biol, BR-81530130 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil[de Oliveira, Mariana Feijo; Rodrigues Junior, Edson; Suda, Cecilia N. K.; Vani, Gannabathula S.; Rodrigues, Edson] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Basic Biosci Inst, BR-12030180 Taubate, SP, Brazil[Lavrado, Helena P.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Marine Biol, BR-21941902 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazi
Cypermethrin and Methomyl Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
No full textThe H. armigera larvae of the Mahaboobnagar district recorded a LD50 of 29.125 µg larva-1 and 59.609 µg larva-1 at LD90 for cypermethrin. The LD50 and LD90 values of cypermethrin for Raichur population of H armigera was 32.481 and 38.172 µglarva-1, respectively. Toxicity of cypermethrin to Nagpur population of H. armigera showed that the LD50 and LD90 values were 20.069 and 54.708 µg larva-1, respectively, The chi-square test revealed that the population used in the study was homogenous (*p<0.05%). The H. armigera larvae of the Mahaboobnagar district recorded a LD50 of 3.651 µg larva-1 and 10.287 µg larva-1 at LD90 for methomyl. The LD50 and LD90 values of methomyl for Raichur population of H armigera was 3.630 and 10.417 µg larva-1, respectively, while Toxicity of methomyl to Nagpur population of H. armigera showed that the LD50 and LD90 values were 2.652 and 7.214 µg larva-1, respectively, when the chi-square test revealed that the population used in the study was homogenous (*p<0.05%). From, the results obtained we can conclude that the continuous application of same chemistries across the generations increases the resistance from F1 to F3. Alternating with the new chemistries results in no cross resistance development as it was observed in all the three populations
Efficacy of Metarhizium rileyi and Beauveria bassiana as Biocontrol Agents against Third-Instar Spodoptera frugiperda under Laboratory Conditions
No full textManaging the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), a significant pest affecting maize, has become challenging due to widespread restrictions on synthetic pesticide use and the emergence of insecticide-resistant populations. As a sustainable alternative, entomopathogenic fungi have shown promise as biological control agents against S. frugiperda. In this study, commercial formulations of two fungal biocontrol agents, Metarhizium rileyi (Mr-18 strain) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb-52 strain), were assessed against third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. Results showed that both M. rileyi and B. bassiana were similarly effective, with M. rileyi exhibiting a slightly lower LC50 value (1.648 x 10⁵ ppm) compared to B. bassiana (2.203 x 10⁵ ppm), particularly in populations from Telangana. These results highlight the potential of using effective strains of B. bassiana and M. rileyi at a concentration of 1 x 10⁵ conidia/ml as viable biocontrol strategies against S. frugiperda
