320 research outputs found
Control of Cultivation Environment and Plant Health Management
No full text栽培環境調控牽涉範圍廣泛，一般以溫室內生產較容易實際運作，大體而
言，溫室環境控制包括溫室結構、相關設備與特徵化溫室作物生產之每日管理決
定。而植物健康管理所揭示「經由揣摩植物本身與週遭之生物、物理與化學條件
等相關性，藉人為技術之修飾」之意涵，實是溫室環境最佳化管理長期以來追求
與努力之目標。本文除整理改寫佛羅里達溫室蔬菜生產手冊中有關溫室環境考
量、溫室環境控制與植物生理之基本內涵與觀念，提供讀者全盤理解，俾利未來
植物健康管理實踐參考外，亦說明「整合無線區域網路與即時視訊之溫室數位環
控肥灌系統」之國內環境控制實例。最後並強調「管理光合作用與呼吸作用並藉
助環控技術進行作物控制」之理念與努力方向，冀望將植物健康管理概念融入現
代化環境控制系統，以進一步形塑根基於生物資訊之最佳化先進控制技術。
The scope involved with control of cultivation environment is quite broad, and it
is more easily implemented in greenhouse production. Environmental control includes
the greenhouse structure, related equipment, and the day-to-day management
decisions that characterize greenhouse crop production. The definition of “Plant
Health Management” partly depicted by“…through fathoming the relationship of
biological, physical, and chemical conditions between the plant itself and its
environment as well as modifying by means of artificial technology…” is really the
long-term pursued and dedicated goal of optimization management of greenhouse
environment. In addition to rewriting the fundamental contents and concepts
pertaining to greenhouse environmental design considerations, environmental controls
and plant physiology, which are discussed in Florida Greenhouse Vegetable
Production Handbook, this paper also explains a practical example of environment
control in Taiwan. At last, a philosophy deserved to endeavoring in the future is posed
to facilitate the “Crop Control” by managing photosynthesis and respiration with
environmental controls. It is expected that, by combining the concept of plant health
management into modern environmental control systems, an advanced optimization
control technology based on biological information could be further set up
Present Status and Future Prospects of Agricultural Machinery Research and Industry in Taiwan
No full text(46(4):388-406)Effect of Moving Shields by Simulation
No full text有關屏蔽噴霧之風洞試驗大都於靜止情況下進行，而田間試驗則著重於飄移數量之調查，因此，並無行進中噴霧屏蔽性能之資料可資參考，更別提噴霧屏蔽之行進速度與行進方向對降低噴霧飄移之影響，本研究中使用電腦流體動力模擬軟體FLUENT，模擬雙弧形薄板屏蔽以研究行進屏蔽於不同行進速度與行進方向對降低飄移之影響。同時，更進一步比較三維度氣流中機械式屏蔽與氣流式屏蔽之行進屏蔽效果。本研究所得之主要結論如后，風速與噴霧機行進速度間區域相對速度在控制行進中噴霧機之噴霧飄移上扮演重要角色，區域相對速度愈大，飄移潛勢愈大。傳統噴霧當噴霧機逆風作業時飄移潛勢隨行進速度之增加而略微增加，但當噴霧機順風作業時只要噴霧機行進速度小於風速，飄移潛勢係隨行進速度之增加反而降低。雙弧形薄板屏蔽對於降低飄移之表現，不管是逆風或順風作業都比無屏蔽噴霧來得佳，而逆風作業顯然比順風作業有較低之飄移潛勢。行進速度1.34 m/s下比較三維度氣流中屏蔽性能之模擬結果顯示雙弧薄板屏蔽分別於逆風與順風作業時，提供相較於傳統逆風向下噴霧達60.6％與29.3％之減低飄移效果，而具最佳操作設定之氣流屏蔽不管是逆風或順風作業都提供減低飄移之完全控制。Most wind tunnel experiments pertaining to shielded spraying were conducted under stationary conditions. As to field experiments, the interest was always focused on the investigation of drift amount. No information about the effect of a moving shield is available, not to mention the effect of travel speed and travel direction on the drift reduction. In this study, by using a computational fluid dynamics software, FLUENT, the double foil shield was used to investigate the effect of a moving shield on drift reduction under different travel speeds and travel directions (upwind and downwind). Related information of conventional spraying without shields was included. Also, the moving effect of mechanical and pneumatic shields in a three dimensional flow with only one droplet release nozzle was further compared. Main conclusions drawn from this study were as follows. Local relative velocity plays an important role on controlling drift potential of a moving sprayer. The higher the local relative velocity, the greater the drift potential. When the sprayer moves upwind, drift potential increases slightly with an increased travel speed. However, when the sprayer moves downwind, drift potential decreases inversely with an increased travel speed as long as travel speed is less than wind velocity. For the double foil shield, moving upwind produced less drift potential than moving downwind. Simulation results for comparing three dimensional shields showed that the double foil shield provided a drift reduction of 60.6% and 29.3% over the conventional spraying when traveling upwind and downwind, respectively, at a speed of 1.34 m/s. The moving pneumatic shield with the best operating setting provided an excellent control in drift reduction for both upwind and downwind traveling at a speed of 1.34 m/s
Development of a Riding-type Tea Plucking Machine
No full text本研究利用過去暨有之農機發展基礎來開發一台乘坐式採茶機，以滿足茶農機械化採茶之需求，降低生產成本及提升本地加工茶葉外銷之競爭力。民國101 年已試製完成一台乘坐式採茶雛型機，並於目前台灣最大的機械採收茶區(南投縣名間鄉松柏嶺)進行測試。測試結果發現，該機一公頃作業時間需要5.6 小時，約為雙人機械採收作業之1.9 倍。而松柏嶺之茶園多屬於階梯式地形，茶園間常有高度落差且未留頭地，操作之難度較高。未來如果要進一步改良應用，一次作業寬度需要再提升以提高其作業能力，而本機之實用化研究也仍有努力之空間。
In this research, the past foundations of research and development of agricultural machineries has been used to develop a riding-type tea plucking machine to meet the tea farmers and mechanization’s needs, thus reducing production costs and enhancing export competitiveness of local tea products. In 2012, a prototype of riding-type tea plucking machine has been developed and tested in the Songboling tea district where the biggest tea machine harvested area in Taiwan. The result shows that its working capacity one hectare spent 5.6 hours was about 1.9 times from that of double-carried tea picking machine. The large portion of the tea gardens of Songboling tea district is belong to stepped terrain, the height gap between two nearby tea gardens and the lack of head land led the machine hard to operate. If any tea farmer wants to have further applications of the machine in the future, the operating width should being improved and become wider, and the studies on practicability of the machine are still remaining the efforts space
The Influence of Withering and Stirring Treatment on Tea Flush’s Grassy Flavor and Ethylene Formation
No full text茶菁萎凋適用之人工鼻探針模組篩選結果以AIN、A7N、DH31、HAC01、059、0R5及TN組成之探針模組，於萎凋過程中觀測香氣變化，由聚類分析顯示第一次攪拌後與攪拌前接近，而第四次攪拌後則與殺菁前接近，若配合人工智慧之類神經網路分析軟體，應可作為萎凋過程中的監測指標。茶菁萎凋終點的判斷以人工鼻探針ASN-ID殺菁前的香氣產生的高峰走勢，進行殺菁製茶後之官能品評結果，以第五次及第六次香氣波峰所製成之茶品質較佳，而第六次香氣波峰為傳統人工判斷之殺菁時機，製茶程序以探針頻率變化為判斷指標與傳統人為方式判斷，具有相當之一致性。依照氣孔導度計及掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀察的結果顯示，茶芽葉片之氣孔自田間採收後即趨向關閉，經日光萎凋後則完全關閉，後續的攪拌操作並不影響氣孔開閉。日光萎凋後l小時，二氧化碳與乙烯的生成量不論對照組或處理組都在較高的水平(CO2 1,400~1,700mg/kg/hr；C2H4 2.5~4μl/kg/hr)，但處理組的乙烯生成量顯著高於對照組。在攪拌過程中，每攪拌一次，二氣化碳生成量會提高；乙烯在前三次也是如此，但第三次攪拌後就都維持在高峰期。
The probe AIN, A7N, DH31, 1-IACO1, 0S9, 0R5 and TN were combined to the modular, to detect the flavor change during the withering and stirring process, and to use Hierarchical Dendrogram analysis. The Dendrogram shows that the treatment of “before panning”,”after 4th stirring: and the “after 1st stirring”, “began indoor withering” was near. Smell Analyzer combined artificial wisdom system can recognize different withering process and serves as a withering index. The A5N probe’s “frequency changes” curve matches for the tea flavor dynamic change curve, and at every flavor peak generation, the tea flush was sampled to make the raw tea and proceed further sensory evaluation for their quality degrees. The raw tea made at the flavor peak NO.5 and NO.6 had better quality, and the flavor peak NO.6 matches the determination point in the traditional method, which can be used for the detection of the withering terminal point. Observed from the null balance porometer and SEM, the stomata of the leaf of tea flush were closed after solar withering even indoor withering and stirring processing. The tea flush of treatment and control generated high level of carbon dioxide and ethylene (CO2 1,400~1,700mg/kg/hr C2H4 2.5~4μ1/kg/hr) 1 hour after solar withering, but the ethylene generation of treatment were apparently higher than the control. After every stirring, the carbon dioxide and ethylene generation rise, but ethylene generation was to maintain a high peak after 3rd stirring
(49(2):68-87)Evaluation of Air-assisted Spraying System by Simulation
No full text氣輔噴霧乃目前最常被推薦以減低噴霧飄移之一種技術，儘管已有許多研究顯示氣輔噴霧具減低噴霧飄移之優點，然而仍少有關最適操作條件之資料，更無氣輔噴霧於不同風速、前進速度以及前進方向下影響噴霧飄移之資料，本研究以電腦流體動力模擬軟體FLUENT®與反應曲面之統計方法，基於與傳統噴霧相較之飄移減低效果而評估氣輔噴霧系統之最適操作參數，並研究氣輔噴霧系統於不同風速、前進速度以及行進方向對降低噴霧飄移之影響。本研究所得之主要結論，歸納說明如後：氣流與噴嘴間夾角之大小對於氣輔噴霧之霧粒飄移不具明顯趨勢之影響；輔助氣流慣常使用氣流速度20至30m/s之情形，在順風作業時已有應可接受-50％至-80％之相對飄移指標，惟在逆風作業時卻只有-5％至-22％之相對飄移指標，應以適時提高氣流速度而改善之；「區域相對風速愈大，飄移潛勢愈大」可完全解釋順、逆風作業，不同模擬風速與噴霧行進速度下相對飄移指數之變化情形。本研究所得之模擬成果除可提供氣輔噴霧實際操作所需之參考資料，更可使氣輔噴霧之本土化新技術發揮最佳之本能功效。Air-assisted spraying has been among the strategies recommended for reducing spray drift. Even though many studies pertaining to air-assisted spraying had shown its advantages on reducing spray drift, little information about optimal operating parameters and the effect of wind velocity, sprayer travel speed, and sprayer travel direction on reducing spray drift for air-assisted spraying was available. In this study, the evaluation of air-assisted spraying system based on comparing effects on drift reduction was conducted by using a computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT® and a response surface method. The relative drift indexes of air-assisted spraying under various wind velocities, sprayer travel speeds, and sprayer travel directions were also investigated. Main conclusions drawn from this study were stated as follows. The angle between the air jet and nozzle of air-assisted spraying has no significant influence on reducing spray drift. With relative drift indexes from -50% to -80%, the air current with velocities from 20 to 30 m/s, commonly used by air-assisted spraying, seems to be acceptable in reducing spray drift for downwind spraying. However, with relative drift indexes from -5% to -22%, the air current with velocities from 20 to 30 m/s of air-assisted spraying needs to be increased properly to improve the ability of drift reduction. Variations of relative drift indexes of air-assisted spraying under various wind velocities, sprayer travel speeds, and sprayer travel directions could be explained by local relative wind velocity. The higher the local relative wind velocity, the greater the relative drift index. Results of this study provide the practical operations of air-assisted spraying with useful information, which is beneficial for reducing spray drift from air-assisted sprayers
(47(1):71-94)Design Evaluation of Pneumatic Shielded Spraying System
No full text噴霧飄移乃農藥使用者與施藥地區民眾關心噴藥作業之焦點，而噴霧屏蔽之使用已成為減低噴霧飄移推薦策略中之一項技術，儘管許多研究已顯示機械式屏蔽對噴霧飄移之減低有正面效果，然而仍少有氣流屏蔽使用之資料，本研究中使用電腦流體動力模擬軟體FLUENT，基於比較飄移減低效果而進行氣流屏蔽式噴藥系統之設計評估，為便於相對比較，使用噴頭之傳統噴霧、氣輔噴霧與擬氣流剪切噴霧也包括於此模擬研究中。本研究所得之主要結論如后，並非所有氣流屏蔽之模擬情形皆可提供良好之飄移控制，為確保較佳之飄移減低效果並減少氣流屏蔽所需之功率需求，主要變數之最適操作參數經多因子變方分析選定為氣流速度40m/s、單位長度氣流流量1.7m3/s/m 以及氣流角度15度，其與某些有關氣輔噴霧與氣流剪切噴霧之前人研究結果相當吻合。除了氣輔噴霧與擬氣流剪切噴霧外，具氣流速度大於40m/s、單位長度氣流流量大於1.7 m3/s/m，以及氣流角度為15度之氣流屏蔽噴霧頗有希望成為減低噴霧飄移之另類技術。Spray drift is a major concern for users of pesticides as well as people who live in areas where pesticides are sprayed. Using spray shields has been among the strategies recommended for reducing spray drift. Even though many studies pertaining to mechanical shields had shown positive effect on reducing spray drift, little information about the use of pneumatic shields was available. In this study, the design evaluation of pneumatic shielded spraying system based on comparing effects on drift reduction was conducted by using a computational fluid dynamic software, FLUENT. For purpose of relative comparisons, conventional spraying using nozzles, air-assisted spraying and air-shear spraying were also included. Main conclusions drawn from this study were as follows. Not all simulated cases of pneumatic shielded spraying provided better drift control. To ensure a better drift reduction and reduce the power required for pneumatic shielded spraying, the optimal operating parameters for the dominant variables appeared to be jet velocity of 40 m/s, jet flow rate of 1.7 m3/s/m, and jet angle of 15 degrees. The optimal operating parameters obtained from a multifactor analysis of variance conforms with some previous studies about air-assisted spraying and air-shear spraying. Except air-assisted spraying and pseudo air- shear spraying, pneumatic shielded spraying with jet velocity larger than 40m/s, jet flow rate larger than 1.7m3/s/m and jet angle of 15 degrees might be a promising alternative to reduce spray drift
(64(3): 189-195)A Study on Heat Pump Condensation Drying System
No full text國際能源價格持續上漲聲中，節能及提升能源效率已成為焦點。熱泵吸取空氣中或水體中的熱能，經過vapor-compression refrigeration cycle 之蒸發、壓縮、冷凝及膨脹等過程，將熱能由較低處移往較高處，效率高又節能。因此，使用熱泵取代柴油或瓦斯以節省能源支出，已使熱泵成為熱門之工具。熱泵系統運轉時同步產生冷氣及熱氣，因此其能源效率極高，依介質區分型式為空氣對水與水對水2 種，本研究使用水對水熱泵系統。利用其產生之熱氣乾燥農產品及冷氣凝結乾燥過程中產生的水蒸氣，此乾燥方式可使農產品呈現良好色澤，除了提升乾燥農產品品質外，也提升能源利用效率，為節能減碳的有效利用方式。本所設置完成之熱泵系統冷凝乾燥機，經熱交換器交換後之乾燥熱風溫度可達65℃，冷水溫度達到12℃，總能源效率 (COP)值達到3.6 以上。
As the energy prices continue to hike internationally, energy saving and efficiency improving will become the focal issues. Heat pumps absorb heat in the ambient air or water through the evaporation, compression and expansion process of the Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle. It transfers the heat energy in an opposite direction of spontaneous heat flow. The heat pump system is energy efficient and saves a lot of energy. The application of heat pumps has become a hot tool to replace the diesel or gas burner in order to save energy costs effectively. The operation of a heat pump system transfers heat from one place to another. It can provide both heat and cold water simultaneously with proper device. Therefore, it operates with high energy efficiency. According to the source that a heat pump absorbs heat from and the destination it flows heat to, the heat pumps can be categorized into air-water heat pumps and water-water heat pumps. A water-water heat pump system was adopted in this study. The application of its hot air in drying agricultural products and cold air in condensing water vapor generated in the drying process allows agricultural products using this drying method showing good color. In addition to improve the drying quality of agricultural products, it also promotes energy efficiency. It is an effective way to save energy and reduce carbon emission. The heat pump condensing dryer set up in Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) can provide 65℃ hot air for drying through the heat exchanger and the cold water temperature reaches as low as 12℃. The estimated total energy efficiency of the system (COP) is higher than 3.6
Community-based knowledge capture: Tsay Keh Dene develop an online archival system
Get PDFIndigenous peoples have differing perceptions of what constitutes data, including how to collect, preserve, and interpret information. A data management system has the potential to embrace community knowledge, which will have long-term benefits for the preservation of a culture. Designing a database platform for an Indigenous community requires researchers to be cognizant of the history and current position of distinct Aboriginal Nations. The focus of this Master's research project is the methodology and process of data capture to build a data management system sensitive to the needs of the Tsay Keh Dene in northern British Columbia. This qualitative research project examined how the Tsay Keh Dene perceive their cultural, historic, environmental and geographic landscapes. It describes methods to determine how the database interface should function and develop with Tsay Keh participation. With this data management system, the Tsay Keh have an efficient and powerful tool specifically created to their needs. --Leaf ii.The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b180582
(48(2):156-168)Studies on the Centrifugal Separation of Royal Jelly
No full text蜂王漿是用來餵飼和培育蜂王，亦可供人類食用，被視為保健食品，其營養比蜂蜜高很多。惟其生產過程相當繁瑣，生產效率相當低，故生產成本偏高。目前本省採漿作業都以人工為之，尚無機械可資利用。因此，自行研製蜂王漿採收機加速機械化採漿，以降低生產成本，提高蜂王漿品質，並增加養蜂之收益，實為當務之急。本研究歷經一年，分別完成離心式蜂王漿採收雛型機之研製，並完成其性能之測試。據試驗結果顯示：該機使用1/2 PS、110V交流馬達，並以網目0.608mm幼蟲攔截網（線徑0.45mm，24目／吋）與迴轉數1750rpm作業，其採漿後幼蟲分離攔截網上附著之蜂王漿殘留量佔總重之0.73%，王杯內蜂王漿之殘留量為總重之1.59 %，幼蟲損傷佔總幼蟲數之1.45 %；使用此採收機在不計算採收後刮漿時間之情況下，9.42分鐘可完成51組王台條之採漿作業全程，與相同數量王台條之人工採漿作業需時74.8分相較，其省工效果極為顯著。With more nutrient contents than honey, royal jelly is regarded as an especially healthy food. Separation of royal jelly from larvae is a difficult, labor intensive process. However, production of royal jelly in Taiwan still relies completely on time-consuming, manual production. The objective of this study is to develop a machine for harvesting royal jelly. During the last year, a prototype ‘centrifugator’ powered by an alternative motor (1/2 PS and 110V) was manufactured and tested for effectiveness in separating royal jelly. The best results were obtained with the centrifugator operating at 1750 rpm and equipped with a larva-separating screen having a mesh size of 0.608 mm. In related experiments, the percentage of royal jelly residue on screen, royal jelly residue in holders, and damaged larvae are 0.73%, 1.59% and 1.45%, respectively. The harvesting operation of royal jelly by using this centrifugator takes 9.42 minutes for one run (51 holder strips) neglecting time required for the last process of scraping-off the harvested royal jelly. When compared with the operating time of the manual harvesting operation (74.8 minutes) for the same workload, the developed centrifugator reduced the required labor tremendously
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