3,562 research outputs found
China's economic reforms : pointers for other economies in transition?
No full textChina's two main economic problems before reform were low incentives to workers and the misallocation of resources among sectors. These problems were theresult of a development strategy oriented toward heavy industry. By improving material incentives, China's reforms created a flow of new resources and allowed them to be allocated to sectors suppressed under pre-reform strategies. The onset of reform in China was not allowed to disrupt production from existing resources. Instead, the newly created resources were permitted to accrue and to flow into the more productive, often light industrial sectors, thus stimulating continuous growth of the national economy during reform. Low incentives and the suppression of nonpriority sectors are common features of the legacy of economies in transition from central planning that based their development on the rapid growth of heavy industry. China's approach may be of interest to them. Among lessons China learned are that: (a) Autonomy must be granted to micromanagement units and preserved to improve the incentive structure and create a new flow of resources. (b) While maintaining essential minimum levels of production in the pre-reform priority sectors, autonomous enterprises must be permitted and encouraged to allocate new incremental resource flows to the previously suppressed sectors. (c) In parallel, the distorted policy environment and planned-allocation system must be progressively reformed to bring them into line with the new system of incentives and modus operandi of autonomous enterprises.Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Water and Industry,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
Soil physicochemical data at Two New England Farms with and without Basalt Rock Dust Application
No full textSoil physical and chemical data were collected from Cedar Circle Farm and Education Center in Thetford Vermont and Many Hands Farm in Barre, Massachusetts collected in Spring 2021. At each farm, two field were sampled. One with basalt rock dust application of 1.1 tonnes per hectare and an adjacent field without.
Included in this data set are CSV files of:
1) ‘pH’ = Soil pH data for each soil horizon averaged for the three soil pit replicates
2) ‘Texture’ = Soil Texture for select horizons averaged for the three soil pit replicates
3) ‘SOC’ = Soil organic carbon concentrations and pool data for each soil horizon average among the three soil pit replicates
4) ‘Aggregates’ = Soil aggregate mass fraction data for each soil horizon average among the three soil pit replicates
4) ‘Inorganic concentrations’ = Plant-available soil concentrations for each soil horizon average among the three soil pit replicates
4) ‘Inorganic pools’ = Plant-available soil pools for each soil horizon average among the three soil pit replicates
Elements include are aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), boron (B), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn)
Modeling of SBS Phase Conjugation in Multimode Step Index Fibers
No full textStimulated Brillouin scattering in a multimode step-index fiber can be used to generate a counter-propagating, phase-conjugate beam that would prove useful in many applications, such as near diffraction limited, double-pass high-power amplifiers or coherent beam combination. Relatively little modeling of such a fiber-based phase-conjugator has been done, making design decisions regarding type and length of fiber largely guesswork. A numerical model was constructed with the aim of providing educated predictions about the phase conjugate fidelity that could be expected from a given pump intensity input coupled into a specific fiber. A numerical perturba-tion algorithm was constructed to search for the Stokes modal arrangement with the highest gain for a given pump input. The gain was calculated from the differential equation for the Stokes power under the assumption that all pump/Stokes modes decay/grow at the same rate, and that the fiber was lossless. The model proves to be much more accurate in predicting experimentally observed phase conjugate fidelities than previous efforts. In addition, the phenomenon of beam cleanup to higher orde
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON MISASA HOT SPRING (17) RADIUM B CONTENT AND ITS MEASURING METHOD.
No full textWith a newly devised method of Ra. B determination using Dithizone extraction the author measured the Ra. B contents of Misasa and Sekigane Hot Springs. This method is
applicable to the weakly radioactive waters. Radium B content of Misasa Hot Spring rangeS from 3.0 to 7.2×10(-9) Curie units per liter and the distance of its radon soure from the issuing point was estimated to be 3-25土5 minutes
Honey B Hive
No full text6 leaves : illustrations. Author statement from inside front cover. Limited edition of 66 copies, signed and numbered by the artist. Honey B Hive is a sweet B specimen, displaying a hive full of Bs from the collection of vintage wood and metal type at Springtide Press. The book is handset, letterpress printed and bound between velour foil-stamped covers, all inspired by one very painful, then itchy, sting between the toes. --Colophon. Book consists of six leaves interleaved so when the book covers are spread open a honeycomb is formed. Letter B type specimens printed on yellow paper. (in several computer languages, including Unicode, B=66). --colophon.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/specialcollections_artistsbooks/1393/thumbnail.jp
Visualizing the Marrow of Science
No full textThis study proposes a new methodology that allows for
the generation of scientograms of major scientific domains,
constructed on the basis of cocitation of Institute
of Scientific Information categories, and pruned using
PathfinderNetwork, with a layout determined by algorithms
of the spring-embedder type (Kamada–Kawai),
then corroborated structurally by factor analysis. We
present the complete scientogram of the world for the
Year 2002. It integrates the natural sciences, the social
sciences, and arts and humanities. Its basic structure
and the essential relationships therein are revealed,
allowing us to simultaneously analyze the macrostructure,
microstructure, and marrow of worldwide scientific
output
Dynamics of Network Formation Processes in the Co-Author Model
No full textThis article studies the dynamics in the formation processes of a mutual consent network in game theory setting: the Co-Author Model. In this article, a limited observation is applied and analytical results are derived. Then, 2 parameters are varied: the number of individuals in the network and the initial probability of the links in the network in its initial state. A simulation result shows a finding that is consistent with an analytical result for a state of equilibrium while it also shows different possible equilibria.Dynamics, Network, Game Theory, Model,Simulation, Equilibrium, Complexity
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