175 research outputs found
Mindaugas' portrait of the 19th and the 20th century dramaturgy.
No full textMain focus of work – late Enlightenment classicism style tragedy “Mindaugas, King of Lithuania” written by Lithuanian Polish writer Euzebiusz Slowacki and historical drama from the Romantic period “Mindaugis, King of Lithuania” written by his son Julius Slowacki. I will be also analysing modernist drama-poem “Mindaugas” written by Lithuanian writer Justinas Marcinkevicius. The aim of work is to fully understand the hero’s characteristics and its connection to the different eras of the artistic concept based on a thorough methodology. Work content includes a detailed overview of the drama theory that accurately describes how tragic hero’s portrait unfolds. Majority of his characteristics are most prevalent in the dialogue, since then we can observe main hero’s relationship with other characters, his language style, tone. Main character can also be analysed from the perspective of other characters. Socio-cultural context helped better understand why all authors depicted Mindaugas differently in their dramas. Drama pieces of E. Slowacki are emotional dramas where characters get involved in a classic love triangle (he might have been influenced by a tragedy of French playwright Jean Racine). The author shows that Mindaugas behavior is not only innate, but also circumstantial. Decisions of the main character are often influenced by other characters as well as the character is emotionally volatile. Therefore, Mindaugas is quite a complicated figure. Drama of Juliusz Slowacki is his youth drama. In contrast to his father’s tragedy piece “Mindaugas”, his son in his drama focuses on religious and political relations, baptism is an integral part of the theme. The hero, depicted by the author, is much more complex, multi-layered, just as his conflict. His immoral behavior stems from the political situation; this romantic hero hides his goals, is detached from people, therefore remains alone, misunderstood, feels betrayed. In the poem-drama piece of J. Marcinkevicius, he puts more focus on the idea of Lithuania, its purpose of unification. It serves as a motive that influences the main character’s behavior and choices. Mindaugas appears as a victim because of a sacrifice of his personal and his relatives’ happiness. However, in order to achieve noble goals, he makes violent, unjust decisions. There is one thing that all these dramas have in common – playwrights in different ways depict Mindaugas as being cruel, however such depiction is justified. Often immoral decisions are circumstantial or dependent on other characters. Mindaugas by E. Slowacki is emotional, overpowering and passionate lover; by J. Slowacki – reserved, lonely and suffering hero. Mindaugas depicted by J. Marcinkevicius is selfless, overpowering and inevitably tragic hero
Odkrycie „polifonicznego” Wilna. Mindaugas Kvietkauskas o dwudziestowiecznym początku wileńskiej literatury
No full textDiscovery of „polyphonic Vilnius”. Mindaugas Kvietkauskas on the 20th century beginning of Vilnian literatureThe author of the review describes Mindaugas Kvietkauskas’ Literature’s polyphony in Vilnius in early stage of modernism in years 1904–1915 paying particular attention to the original and innovative form of interpretation of cross-cultural relationships shaping the multilingual literature of Vilnius at the beginning of the 20th century. Kvietkauskas reaches for texts written in five languages (Lithuanian, Polish, Yiddish, Belarussian and Russian) and argues with the existing approaches by exposing the ethnical individuality of each national literature and undermines the picture of Vilnius at the beginning of the 20th century as being centred around polishness only.
The donation of King Mindaugas to the Lithuanian bishop christian: considerations on a possible controversy
No full textThe Christianisation of Lithuania is usually dated to the late 14th and early 15th centuries, but the first attempt to turn Lithuania into a Christian kingdom was made by Mindaugas. In 1251 he was baptised by the Master of Livonia Andreas de Velven (also known as von Stirland), and in 1253 was crowned King of Lithuania with the support of Pope Innocent IV. Christian (Kristijonas), the Livonian priest who taught the ruler the virtues of Christianity, a member of the Teutonic Order, became the first Bishop of Lithuania at Mindaugas’ request. It is known that Mindaugas bequeathed several lands to Christian in 1254. The article examines the background to this act of providing for the Diocese of Lithuania. The author argues that the donation of the possessions to Christian is the most important source that can help identify Mindaugas’ own domain. He hypothesises that Mindaugas’ domain may have been located south of the lands donated to Bishop Christian, in an area known in historiography as the defence line of the lower River Nemunas. In his analysis of this hypothesis, the author presents arguments that invite us to reconsider the established assertion in historiography that the domains of the senior dukes could have been located in present-day east Lithuania.Humanitarinių mokslų fakultetas / Faculty of HumanitiesVytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus Universit
Mindaugas Lenkijos XIX ir XX a. istoriografijoje
No full textStraipsnyje apžvelgiami svarbiausi pastarųjų dviejų šimtmečių Lenkijos istorikų tyrimai, skirti Lietuvos valdovo Mindaugo veiklai. Atskirai aptariamas T. Narbutto, J.I. Kraszewskio, J. Lelewelio, W. Kętrzyskio, W. Abrahamo, K. Chodynickio, W. Kamienieckio, L. Krzywickio, S. Zajączkowskio, F. Papée, G. Baszczyko ir kitų istorikų indėlis į istoriografiją. Kaip originaliausi ir svarbiausi plačiau analizuojami J. Latkowskio, A. Prochaskos, H. Paszkiewicziaus, H. owmiaskio tyrimai. Apibendrinant išskirti trys intensyviausių Mindaugo veiklos tyrinėjimų laikotarpiai: pirmoji XIX a. pusė, XIX-XX a. sandūra ir ir XX a. 4-asis dešimtmetis. Pirmuoju laikotarpiu suformuluoti nauji uždaviniai ir neretai iškeltos taiklios koncepcijos, tačiau nebuvo taikomi kritiniai tyrimų metodai. Antruoju įvyko persilaužimas nustatant Mindaugo gyvenimo ir veiklos faktus, trečiuoju gerokai išsiplėtė jo epochos pažinimas. Istorikų susidomėjimas to meto problemomis kito, tačiau kai kurie klausimai, kaip antai Mindaugo vaidmuo kuriant Lietuvos valstybę, jo krikšto ir apostazės motyvai bei aplinkybės, visada užėmė svarbią vietą istorikų darbuose, diskusijose. Mindaugo veiklos vertinimus lėmė įvairūs veiksniai: pasiektas pažinimo lygis, aktualios istoriografijos tendencijos, tyrinėtojo pasaulėžiūra. Nors vertinimai labai skirtingi, net labai kritiški tyrinėtojai (A. Prochaska) pripažino jo svarbų vaidmenį Lietuvos istorijoje. Į Mindaugo veiklos ir jo epochos tyrimus Lenkijos istorikai įnešė esminį indėlį. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Istorija (XIX a.); Istorija (XX a.); Istoriografija; Karaliai ir valdovai; Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Kings; HistoriographyThe article overviews the most important historic research of the last two centuries that focused on activities of a Lithuanian monarch Mindaugas. The article discusses the contribution of T. Narbuttas, J.I. Kraszewski, J. Lelewelis, W. Kętrzyski, W. Abraham, K. Chodynicki, W. Kamieniecki, L. Krzywicki, S. Zajączkowski, F. Papée, G. Baszczyk, and others. Research works of J. Latkowski, A. Prochaska, H. Paszkiewicz, and H. Owmiaskis are analysed in greater detail as the most original and important ones. In general, the author identifies three of the most intensive research periods: the first half of the 19th century, turn of the 19th century, and 1930s. The first research period may be characterised by new tasks of research and often straight forward conceptions, but it lacked critical research methods. The second period reached the turning-point in identifying facts about Mindaugas life and his activities. The third one significantly expanded knowledge about his epoch. Historical interest in problems of those times was changing, but some issues, for example Mindaugas’ role in creating the state of Lithuania and the moments and the circumstances of his christening and apostasies, always took important parts in historical works and discussions. The evaluation of Mindaugas activities was depended on various factors: the level of knowledge reached, actual historiographic tendencies, and the worldview of the researcher. Although evaluations were very different, even the most critical researchers (A. Prochaska) acknowledged the importance of his role in Lithuanian history. Polish historians made critical contribution into researching Mindaugas activities and his epoch
Uosto autonominių krovos procesų duomenų sinchronizavimo metodas.
No full textTo increase the efficiency of the container handling process, one of the most promising solutions is to develop efficient data synchronization methodologies using real-time data of the quay crane and container trucks, using the support of various ICT tools/technologies. Existing planning systems do not evaluate real-time data synchronization received from all sensory units scattered across the container terminal, which leads to downtimes, increases the duration of the total handling process and increases the energy costs required to transport the cargo across the terminal to the stack. A new process data synchronization method is proposed in this work, which include a new method of wireless data collection and transmission based on LoRaWAN technology. The proposed solution includes physical prototypes of the network equipment and a developed two-layer security mechanism in LoRaWAN protocol. A new algorithm of container lowering time estimation according to a trajectory template and a new mathematical model and algorithm evaluating fuel consumption of a container truck from real movement data was developed and implemented in the proposed method. A field experiment performed in Klaipeda port shows that a one LoRaWAN station covers a medium-sized container terminal and provides reliable transmission of handling process contextual data. Computational results suggest that it is possible to diminish the AGV waiting times and thus minimize the total container handling process duration, resulting an improvement over the current method
Method of data synchronization of autonomous port handling processes.
No full textTo increase the efficiency of the container handling process, one of the most promising solutions is to develop efficient data synchronization methodologies using real-time data of the quay crane and container trucks, using the support of various ICT tools/technologies. Existing planning systems do not evaluate real-time data synchronization received from all sensory units scattered across the container terminal, which leads to downtimes, increases the duration of the total handling process and increases the energy costs required to transport the cargo across the terminal to the stack. A new process data synchronization method is proposed in this work, which include a new method of wireless data collection and transmission based on LoRaWAN technology. The proposed solution includes physical prototypes of the network equipment and a developed two-layer security mechanism in LoRaWAN protocol. A new algorithm of container lowering time estimation according to a trajectory template and a new mathematical model and algorithm evaluating fuel consumption of a container truck from real movement data was developed and implemented in the proposed method. A field experiment performed in Klaipeda port shows that a one LoRaWAN station covers a medium-sized container terminal and provides reliable transmission of handling process contextual data. Computational results suggest that it is possible to diminish the AGV waiting times and thus minimize the total container handling process duration, resulting an improvement over the current method
Mindaugas Paknys. Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai : recenzija
No full textRecenzijoje pristatoma Mindaugo Paknio knyga „Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai“. Tai reikšmingo šaltinio – 1636 metais atlikto Vilniaus namų surašymo – publikacija ir studija. Šaltinio vertimą autorius papildė gana gausia to laikotarpio informacija apie aprašomus namus, žmones bei įvykius iš kitų skelbtų šaltinių rinkinių ir studijų (37 pozicijos), taip pat iš Lietuvos valstybės istorijos archyve esančių senųjų aktų bei Lietuvos Metrikos mikrofilmų ir Mokslų akademijos bibliotekos Rankraščių skyriuje saugomų fondų. Šie papildymai leidžia susidaryti kur kas išsamesnį vaizdą apie Vilnių, nei pateiktas pats šaltinio originalas. Vertimo pateikimas greta originalo ypač naudingas studentams bei visiems dirbsiantiems su šaltiniais, bet nepakankamai gerai mokantiems lenkų kalbą. Jis padės formuotis ir šio pobūdžio lietuviškai terminijai. Skelbiamas originalas pirmiausia neabejotinai naudingas istorikams profesionalams, jis padės atskleisti to meto tokio pobūdžio šaltinių sudarymo specifiką. Šaltinis publikuojamas nenutolstant nuo to meto raštininkų rašybos, o tai geriau atskleidžia tos epochos dvasią. Tiek skelbiamas šaltinis, tiek pagal jį autoriaus parengta studija neabejotinai praplės Vilniaus senamiesčio kaip visumos ir ypač jo atskirų pastatų tyrinėjimo galimybes. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Miestas; Miestiečiai; Mindaugas Paknys; Vilnius; „Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai“; Citizens; City; Mindaugas Paknys; Vilnius; „Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai“The review presents the book “Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai” [Vilnius City and Dwellers in 1636: Buildings, Inhabitants, Guests] by Mindaugas Paknys. It is a publication and study of a significant source – the census of buildings of Vilnius carried out in 1636. The author supplemented the translation of the source with rather abundant information of that period about the described buildings, people and events from other published source collections and studies (37 positions), as well as from the old acts kept at the Lithuanian State Historical Archives, the Lithuanian Metrica microfilms and the stocks of the Manuscript Division of the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. These additions allow creating a much more comprehensive picture of Vilnius than the original source. The presentation of the translation next to the original is very valuable for students and everyone who work with sources yet are not quite competent in Polish. It will help to form Lithuanian terminology of this field. The published original is primarily definitely valuable to professional historians; it will help to reveal the specifics of the structure of the then similar sources. The source is published without digressing from the then orthography, which adds to better revealing of the spirit of that epoch. Both the published source and the study prepared by the author will definitely expand the opportunities of researching Vilnius Old Town as a whole and particularly its separate buildings
FREGE’S ĮNAŠAS Į REIKŠMĖS SAMPRATĄ
No full textStraipsnyje dėstoma, komentuojama ir interpretuojama Gottlobo Frege’s reikšmės teorija, kurios pagrindą sudaro reikalavimas kiekvieno kalbos ženklo semantikoje skirti prasmės (Sinn) ir referencijos (Bedeutung) lygmenis. Atskleidþiamos loginės lingvistinės priežastys, nulėmusios Frege’s sprendimą laikytis diferencinės reikšmės sampratos, taip pat remiantis „prasmės“ ir „referencijos“ terminologiniu instrumentarijumi parodoma, kuo skiriasi, o kita vertus, kuo panašūs Frege’s įtvirtinti požiūriai į tikrinio vardo ir į teigiamojo (asertorinio) sakinio reikšmes. Vadovaujantis prielaida, kad žodžio ar posakio reikšmės sudedamąja dalimi gali būti tik tie veiksniai, kurie yra būtini kompetentingam kalbos supratimui, Frege’s išskirti semantiniai aspektai straipsnyje įvertinami ir šiuo atžvilgiu. Daroma išvada, kad tikrasis semantinis terminas yra „prasmė“, o referencijos lygmens esybės (objektai, teisingumo vertės) nėra nekeliančios abejonių reikšmės sudedamosios dalys, todėl referencijos aspekto statusas Frege’s tipo reikšmės teorijoje tampa neaiškus.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: Frege, kalba, reikšmė, prasmė, referencija
FREGE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE NOTION OF MEANING
Mindaugas Japertas
Summary
The article aims at exposition, commenting and interpreting Frege’s theory of meaning, based on the requirement to distinguish, in the meaning of a sign, the level of sense (Sinn) and the correlative level of reference (Bedeutung). The author directs attention to some logico-linguistic reasons which seem to have urged Frege to advocate the differential conception of meaning. In accordance with Frege’s decision to use the theoretical notions of sense and reference, the relevant semantic features of a proper name as well as of a declarative sentence are explored. Since only something which constitutes what someone who understands the word or expression implicitly grasps can be counted as a possible ingredient in meaning, the claim is made that entities on the level of reference (objects, truth-values) are not undeniable ingredients of meaning. Sense therefore is left in the role of a genuine semantic concept.
Keywords: Frege, language, meaning, sense, reference
The impact of different load carrying methods on balance.
No full textABSTRACT Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Health Science Institute Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine Bachelor’s Degree of Physiotherapy THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT LOAD CARRYING METHODS ON BALANCE Physiotherapy Bachelor's Thesis The Author: Domas Trinkūnas, the fourth-year student of Physiotherapy bachelor study programme in Vilnius University. Academic advisor: Lecturer Mindaugas Liškauskas of Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine. Key words: static and dynamic balance, backpack, handbag, load, center of mass. The aim of research work: To compare the results of static and dynamic balance and center of mass parameters when applying different load carrying methods. Tasks of work: 1. To determine the influence of different load carrying methods on subjects’ static balance; 2. To determine the influence of different load carrying methods on subjects’ dynamic balance; 3. To determine the influence of different load carrying methods on subjects’ center of mass changes. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine Centre in year 2018, February to April. The research involved 30 subjects. Subjects were selected based on the selection criteria. There was one research group. Tests were carried out once. The “Flamigo” test was used to assess subjects static balance by counting the number of falls that were made. “Star” exclusion balance test was used to assess the dynamic balance by measuring subject’s ability to reach to the front, outer and inner sides. The “Matscan” device was used to measure the changes of subjects’ center of mass. Data analysis was performed using the statistical analysis of “SPSS Windows 22.0” and “Excel 2016” programmes. Results: During the research a similar negative change in the static balance of the subject was observed while carrying the backpack and the handbag. Using the modified “Star” exclusion balance test greatest decline in subjects’ dynamic balance was observed while standing on the left leg and reaching to outer side with both types of load. A smaller subjects’ dynamic balance decline was observed while reaching to the inner side with both types of load. Also, one of the biggest changes was observed in the mass distribution between left and right feet with subject standing with both types of load. Conclusions: Backpacks and handbags weighing 10 percent of body weight have a negative effect on the persons’ static and dynamic balance and cause significant changes in the center of mass parameters
Evaluation of rehabilitation efficiency in patients with vestibular syndrome.
No full textABSTRACT Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine Bachelor Degree of Physical Therapy EVALUATION OF REHABILITATION EFFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH VESTIBULAR SYNDROME Physiotherapy Bachelor's Thesis The Author: Rūta Tamošauskaitė, a final year student in Bachelor's of Physical Therapy of Vilnius University. Academic advisor: assistant Mindaugas Liškauskas, Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine. The aim of research work: To determine reliability of Fullerton balance test and Functional gait assessment with Tinetti balance and gait test for patients with vestibular syndrome. Tasks of work: 1.To evaluate patients before and after rehabilitation using Tinetti balance and gait test and to compare the results. 2.To evaluate patients before and after rehabilitation using Fullerton balance test and to compare the result. 3.To evaluate patients before and after rehabilitation using Functional gait assessment and to compare the results. 4.Compare the results of Fullerton balance test and Functional gait assessment with the results of Tinetti balance test. Materials and methods: Thirteen vestibular syndrome patients (10 women and 3 men) took part in the research. The research was carried out in the Vilnius Univerity Hospital Santaros Klinikos, in the Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine Centre, Out-patient department from November of 2016 to March of 2017. The initial assessment was made before rehabilitation and a repeated assessment was made after rehabilitation. Rehabilitation efficiency was evaluated using Tinetti balance and gait test, Fullerton balance test and Functional gait assessment. The results of Fullerton balance test and Functional gait assessment were compared with the results of Tinetti balance and gait test. Statistical data analysis was carried out with „Microsoft Excel 2010“ and „R Commander 3.3.1.“ statistical software package. Results: The comparison of the results has shown no statistically significant improvement in Tinetti balance and gait test results. While there was a statistically significant difference (p<0,05) in the results of both Fullerton balance test and Functional gait assessment. Conclusions: The results suggest that Fullerton balance test and Functional gait assessment are reliable tools in assessing patients with vestibular syndrome. While Tinetti balance and gait test does not show reliability in vestibular syndrome patients
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