1,720,962 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-jou-10.1177_14648849211069241 – Supplemental Material for News comment sections and online echo chambers: The ideological alignment between partisan news stories and their user comments
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jou-10.1177_14648849211069241 for News comment sections and online echo chambers: The ideological alignment between partisan news stories and their user comments by Jiyoung Han, Youngin Lee, Junbum Lee and Meeyoung Cha in Journalism</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Contextual Prompting Model and Automated Data Generation Pipeline to Prevent Hate Speech in Language Model
Get PDF학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 데이터사이언스대학원 데이터사이언스학과, 2022.2. 신효필.Development of a large-scale language model through transfer learning and pretraining has enabled the generation of higher level natural language sentences. However, learning a large language model requires a large amount of text data. Since the data used for learning is mainly collected on the web, a high quality level cannot be guaranteed, and in some cases, abusive language and hate expressions are included. Models learned from these data can also generate various hate expressions.
On the other hand, in the case of super-large language models, instead of disclosing the model, access is sometimes allowed only to the results of sentence generation for input values such as API, making it more difficult to learn and use language models.
In this study, we propose a new method of reducing bias or hate expressions generated by existing language models when the parameters of the language model are inaccessible as above through the implementation of a masked language model which dynamically generates templates according to user input without adjusting the parameters of the language model.
After applying representative Korean language models, the overall generation rate of toxic sentences from input sentences of various domains decreased, and the generation rate of some toxic sentences from input sentences of not-seen domain decreased slightly.전이학습과 사전학습을 통한 대규모 크기의 언어 모델의 발전에 따라 높은 수준의 자연어 문장 생성이 가능해졌다. 그러나, 대형 언어 모델 학습에는 다량의 텍스트 데이터가 필요하다. 학습에 사용하는 데이터는 주로 웹상에서 수집하기 때문에 높은 수준의 질을 보장할 수 없으며, 일부의 경우 욕설을 비롯해 혐오 표현을 포함하고 있기도 하다. 이러한 데이터로 학습한 모델 역시 다양한 혐오 표현을 생성할 수 있다.
한편, 초대형 언어 모델의 경우 모델을 공개하는 대신 API와 같이, 입력값에 대한 문장 생성의 결과에만 접근을 허용하는 경우가 있어, 언어 모델을 추가로 학습 시켜 사용하는 것이 어려운 경우가 많아지고 있다.
이 연구에서는 위와 같이 언어 모델의 파라미터에 접근이 불가능한 상황일 때 언어 모델의 파라미터를 조절하지 않으면서 사용자의 입력에 따라 동적으로 템플릿을 생성하는 Masked 언어 모델을 통해, 기존의 언어 모델에서 생성하는 편향적 혹은 혐오 표현을 줄이는 새로운 방법을 제안한다.
한국어의 대표적인 언어 모델들을 통해 학습과 평가를 진행한 결과, 여러 도메인의 입력 문장에서 전반적인 독성 문장 생성 비율이 감소하였으며, 학습 도메인 외의 입력 문장에 대해서도 일부 독성 문장 생성 비율이 소폭 감소함을 보였다.초록 i
목차 ii
그림 목차 iv
표 목차 v
제 1 장 서론 1
제 2 장 배경연구 5
2.1 편향성과 혐오 표현 5
2.2 언어 모델에 내재된 편향성과 혐오 표현 10
2.2.1 단어 수준 임베딩의 편향성 10
2.2.2 문장 수준 언어 모델의 편향성과 혐오 표현 13
2.3 조절 가능한 문장 생성 16
2.4 프롬프팅을 통한 언어 모델 제어 20
제 3 장 맥락적 프롬프팅 모델과 자동화된 데이터 생성 파이프라인 24
3.1 자동화된 템플릿 기반 프롬프팅과 데이터 생성 24
3.1.1 사전 학습된 언어 모델로 문장 생성 25
3.1.2 프롬프팅 함수 Masked 언어 모델을 통한 프롬프트의 Mask 채우기 26
3.1.3 독성 문장을 감소시키는 프롬프트 선정 27
3.1.4 프롬프팅 함수로의 Masked 언어 모델 학습 29
3.1.5 독성 문장 생성을 방지하는 프롬프팅 모델을 사용한 문장 생성 30
3.2 학습 데이터셋과 언어 모델 30
3.2.1 한국어 Causal 언어 모델 30
3.2.2 한국어 Masked 언어 모델 33
제 4 장 실험 결과 및 분석 36
4.1 한국어 혐오 표현 데이터셋으로 학습한 분류기 36
4.2 한국어 입력 데이터셋 37
4.2.1 BEEP Non-Toxic 입력 데이터셋 37
4.2.2 모두의말뭉치 뉴스 리드 문장 데이터셋 39
4.2.3 네이버 뉴스 댓글 데이터셋 40
4.3 한국어 언어 모델별 결과 40
4.3.1 SKT: KoGPT2(v2) 42
4.3.2 SKT: KoGPT-Trinity-1.2B 43
4.3.3 GPT-Kor-Small 44
4.3.4 KcGPT2 45
4.4 한국어 언어 모델별 크로스 도메인 결과 46
4.4.1 SKT: KoGPT2(v2) 47
4.4.2 SKT: KoGPT-Trinity-1.2B 48
4.4.3 GPT-Kor-Small 50
4.4.4 KcGPT2 51
제 5 장 결론 및 제언 54
참고 문헌 56
Abstract 61석
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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