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Generalized Sympathy
No full textIn order to provide a non-serial analysis for phonological opacity, McCarthy (1998) proposes Sympathy Theory in which all candidates are required to be faithful to a certain model candidate, i.e. sympathy candidate. To select the sympathy candidate and actual output in parallel, McCarthy assumes special conditions for constraint evaluation, Confinement and Invisibility.
In this paper, we propose a generalized framework for phonological processes in general, not just opacity, in which special conditions are not needed. Optimality-Theoretic analyses for reduplication, truncation, paradigm uniformity and sympathy all presuppose presence of a pair of two representations, one of which may be considered as a base to the other: base/reduplicant, full word/truncatum, simple/derived word, and sympathy-candidate/output candidate. (Let us call the former B(ase) forms and the latter D(erived) forms.) In these processes, the project for phonology would be to determine the right pair of representations by checking similarity among three forms-I(nput), B, D--and markedness of each of the forms. Generalizing this reasoning, we first propose that Gen generate candidates, each of which consists of a pair of representations, i.e. B/D. Second, each constituent representation of a candidate is evaluated by markedness constraints. Third, different faithfulness constraints are imposed on the identity among I, B and D: IB, BD and ID faithfulness. IO, BR and IR-faithfulness constraints employed in the analyses of reduplication (McCarthy and Prince 1995) correspond to IB, BD and ID-faithfulness constraints respectively. In this generalized approach, opacity occurs when one IB-Faith and one BD-Faith are dominant in the ranking.
In the present framework, special conditions like Invisibility are not needed. Similarities among Sympathy, BR-Identity, and OO-Correspondence are directly captured since they are the same faithfulness constraints, i.e. BD-Faith. Finally, parallelism is explicitly incorporated.The definitive version of this paper was published in Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society 29 : University of Delaware (1999) and is available at glsa.hypermart.netJun, J. (1999). Generalized Sympathy. In P.N.Tamanji, M. Hirotani, N. Hall (Eds.), Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society 29 : University of Delaware. Amherst, MA, U.S.A: GLSA (Graduate Linguistic Student Association), Dept. of Linguistics, South College, University of Massachusetts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Asymmetric Distributions of Glides In General American English
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to provide an explicit formal account for asymmetric distributions of glides in General American English. The data, which we attempt to analyze in the present study, can be summarized as follows. First, the labial glide [w] and the palatal glide [j] cannot coocur with preceding labial and coronal consonants, respectively.
Second, only [w] cannot cooccur with preceding sonorants. Finally, unlike [w] which can occur before any vowels, [j] can occur only before [ul.Most previous analyses employ somewhat complicated and arbitrary mechanisms. For instance, in Davis and Hammond (1995), different syllable positions, onset and nucleus, are assigned to [wl and [j], respectively. Also, several intermediate representations are posited during the derivation. In the present study, we provide a constraint-based parallel analysis within the framework of Optimality Theory. Markedness constraint ocr is adopted to account for the lack of homorganic CG clusters such as *[pwl and *[tj]. Another Markedness constraint, which prohibits a sequence of sonorant consonants, is adopted to account for the lack of sonorant-[wl sequences like *[nw]. Finally, to account for the fact that [j] can occur only before [ul, we propose a faithfulness constraint for a
certain sequence, Le. MAX(i-u) which requires that an underlying sequence /iu/ must have correspondents with identical precedence relations at the surface. We have shown that the interaction of these constraints produce all the asymmetric patterns of glides in General American English
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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