1,720,984 research outputs found
Prevention and Therapeutic Innovation in the Management of Child Health.
Get PDFThe topics of prevention and therapeutic innovation in the management of infant, child, and adolescent health have progressively acquired global importance for their direct effects on the lifelong health and well-being of populations. If appropriately implemented, they have the potential to positively impact various areas of the public health sector, generating beneficial outcomes, which include major economic implications for local healthcare systems. Responding to the emerging preventive and health promotion needs of infants, children, and adolesents has become a priority for pediatrics, and together with therapeutic innovation, represents an important part of any strategic healthcare plan.
The main objective of pediatric practice is to prevent disease and disability through primary, secondary, and tertiary methods, and where prevention is not possible to provide up-to-date evidence-based treatment to optimize the health and well-being of the child and family.
Prevention encompasses a range of factors including prenatal health, newborn screening, nutrition, early assessment and treatment, vaccine development, a healthy lifestyle including obesity prevention, physical activity, child surveillance, child protection, and promotion of children's rights to health, equity, and social justice. This commentary briefly discusses prevention and therapeutic innovation in pediatrics, with the aim to further raise the attention of pediatricians to these topics, and to the importance of pursuing both an effective continuing exchange of high-quality clinical information, including basic science, and the promotion of efficient international collaboration in clinical practice, education, and research
Looking at the Future, Learning From the Past: Current Activities and Upcoming Goals of the European Paediatric Association, the Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations
No full textThis commentary describes the current activities and perspectives of EPA/UNEPSA and its new board of directors. EPA/UNEPSA will engage proactively in leading the union of European pediatric organizations toward the challenges facing the discipline of pediatrics in the areas of research, education, knowledge transfer, and advocacy for children’s health and well-being. Major efforts of the new Board will include projects for the improvement of healthcare systems in Europe and the development of educational programs designed to form stronger advocates and skillful professionals able to best meet their patients’ challenges and be confident in their leadership as experts in child and adolescent health. More than a quarter of a century has passed since the iron curtain between East and West Europe, and the importance of exploring similarities Volume and differences in current challenges and approaches to child health across Europe has not declined. EPA/UNEPSA, with the key contribution of its 50 member societies, has the potential to understand and address differences in pediatric policy and practice among different nations. After 45 years, EPA/UNEPSA is still an expanding and vital instrument in improving the knowledge of European pediatricians and for enhancing health services for all children and the cooperation among their caretakers in Europe, in a continuing effort to fulfill its role as the largest European pediatric associatio
Pilot study for the understanding and use of probiotics by different paediatric healthcare professionals working in different European countries
Get PDFBackground: Consumers’ conviction of the benefits of probiotics is influenced by their existing beliefs and by the information they receive from healthcare professionals. The attitude of healthcare professionals towards commercially available probiotics will, therefore, determine how trustworthy and beneficial these products are perceived by consumers. Furthermore, due to European Union legislation, companies are prohibited from displaying information on
product packaging; therefore, consumers are dependent primarily on healthcare professionals for correct information and guidance on the use of these products. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the understanding and use of probiotics in clinical practice by professionals who are involved in child healthcare in different European countries and to assess how much they value the scientific evidence behind these products.
Methods: The study was performed using a cross-sectional, descriptive, 30-question online questionnaire circulated among healthcare professionals belonging to three professional categories that are typically involved in childhood probiotic prescription: paediatricians, dieticians and general practitioners. The questionnaire was developed using webbased standard guidelines, and the questions were modelled on those used in previously published probiotics studies.
Results: Overall, 27,287 healthcare professionals belonging to three major European scientific societies were contacted by the organizations participating in the study. In total, 1360 valid questionnaires were recorded, and the results were statistically analysed.
Conclusions: The results emphasize the importance for healthcare professionals to be properly educated and updated on probiotics. An improved knowledge about probiotics led to increased prescriptive confidence. To disseminate accurate information on probiotics, healthcare professionals look for appropriate and scientifically validated educational platforms to acquire information, explore concerns and barriers and look for positive approaches towards recommending probiotics
Insight into pathophysiology of sudden infant death syndrome
Get PDFPhysiological studies that have been undertaken in children with apparent life-threatening events point to disturbances of the autonomic nervous system and brain stem abnormalities. These abnormalities are manifested as breathing dysfunctions and sleeping patterns, as well as heart rate variability. The diminished arousal response in infants who are exposed to intermittent hypoxia can be fatal during conditions when oxygen availability is limited. This inference well explains well the success of campaigns for supine sleeping position, which associated with the decrease in the rate of sudden infant syndrome deaths
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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