100 research outputs found
La Constitution démocratique de la Pologne. (Un projet peu connu)
No full textThe Democratic Constitution of Poland. (A little-known proposai.)
Poland was reinstated in 1918 after 123 years of legal inexistence. Its first Constitution was adopted by the Diet on March 21, 1921. This democratic Constitution, inspired by those of France and Belgium, proved to be little adapted to the situation of a state confronted with considerable difficulties, internal as well as external. From the time of the overthrow of the state, undertaken with success by Marshal Pilsudski, the Constitution of 1921 has been progressively modified by reinforcing the powers of the President of the Republic. Pilsudski moreover desired that reinforcement of the executive be pushed even further.
Certain members of Parliament, among them the author of this article, felt the necessity of amending the Constitution of 1921 to protect its broad democratic and republican principles. A proposal was drawn up in 1929 and presented to the Diet on February 18, 1930 with the approval of the left center. First, after having been accepted by Pilsudski, it was rejected in the course of circumstances related by the author. The text of this proposal is published here.L'Etat polonais est ressuscité en 1918 après 123 ans d'inexistence légale. Sa première Constitution a été adoptée par la Diète le 21 mars 1921. Cette Constitution démocratique, inspirée des textes français et belge, s'est avérée peu adaptée aux conditions d'un Etat confronté à des difficultés considérables, internes aussi bien qu'externes. A partir du coup d'Etat de mai 1926, entrepris avec succès par le maréchal Pilsudski, la Constitution de 1921 a été progressivement modifiée dans le sens d'un certain renforcement du pouvoir du président de la République. Pilsudski, d'ailleurs, souhaitait que le renforcement de l'exécutif soit poussé encore plus loin.
Certains membres du Parlement, dont l'auteur de l'article, ont entrevu la nécessité d'amender la Constitution de 1921 et d'en protéger les grands principes démocratiques et républicains. Un projet a donc été élaboré en 1929 et a été présenté à la Diète le 18 février 1930 avec l'accord du centre-gauche. Après avoir, d'abord, été accepté par Pilsudski, il a finalement été rejeté à la suite d'une série de circonstances relatées par l'auteur. C'est le texte de ce projet qui est publié ici.Bitner Waclaw. La Constitution démocratique de la Pologne. (Un projet peu connu). In: Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, vol. 10, 1979, n°3. pp. 209-220
The Quest for Citations: Drivers of Article Impact
No full textWhy do some articles become building blocks for future scholars, while many others remain unnoticed? We aim to answer this question by contrasting, synthesizing and simultaneously testing three scientometric perspectives – universalism, social constructivism and presentation – on the influence of article and author characteristics on article citations. To do so, we study all articles published in a sample of five major journals in marketing from 1990 to 2002 that are central to the discipline. We count the number of citations each of these articles has received and regress this count on an extensive set of characteristics of the article (i.e. article quality, article domain, title length, the use of attention grabbers and expositional clarity), and the author (i.e. author visibility and author personal promotion). We find that the number of citations an article in the marketing discipline receives, depends upon “what one says†(quality and domain), on “who says it†(author visibility and personal promotion) and not so much on “how one says it†(title length, the use of attention grabbers, and expositional clarity). Our insights contribute to the marketing literature and are relevant to scientific stakeholders, such as the management of scientific journals and individual academic scholars, as they strive to maximize citations. They are also relevant to marketing practitioners. They inform practitioners on characteristics of the academic journals in marketing and their relevance to decisions they face. On the other hand, they also raise challenges towards making our journals accessible and relevant to marketing practitioners: (1) authors visible to academics are not necessarily visible to practitioners; (2) the readability of an article may hurt academic credibility and impact, while it may be instrumental in influencing practitioners; (3) it remains questionable whether articles that academics assess to be of high quality are also managerially relevant.Impact;Citation Analysis;Referencing;Scientometrics;Cite
The North Sea Andrea storm and numerical simulations
No full text© Author(s) 2014. A coupling of a spectral wave model with a nonlinear phase-resolving model is used to reconstruct the evolution of wave statistics during a storm crossing the North Sea on 8-9 November 2007. During this storm a rogue wave (named the Andrea wave) was recorded at the Ekofisk field. The wave has characteristics comparable to the well-known New Year wave measured by Statoil at the Draupner platform 1 January 1995. Hindcast data of the storm at the nearest grid point to the Ekofisk field are here applied as input to calculate the evolution of random realizations of the sea surface and its statistical properties. Numerical simulations are carried out using the Euler equations with a higher-order spectral method (HOSM). Results are compared with some characteristics of the Andrea wave record measured by the down-looking lasers at Ekofisk.sponsorship: This work has been supported by EU project EXTREME SEAS (SCP8-GA-2009-234175). The F.W.O. project G.0333.09 is also acknowledged. L. Fernandez and J. Monbaliu also acknowledge the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government department EWI for providing access to the Flemish Supercomputer Center. E. M. Bitner-Gregersen and A. Toffoli thank Miguel Onorato and Carlo Brandini for fruitful discussions. (EU project EXTREME SEAS|SCP8-GA-2009-234175, F.W.O. project|G.0333.09)status: Publishe
Book Review: The Book Collection
No full textThis is the third volume in the series; the previous two volumes were also reviewed in this Journal by this reviewer. It is a pleasure to have the opportunity again to call attention to this series as well as to this particular volume. The author presents an excellent introduction to the book entitled "Why People Read." This is followed by twenty-five "cases" and an Appendix containing one additional "case" with two illustrative solutions. Law Librarians will find particularly interesting the situations which deal with the problem of censorship. While this problem is most acute in the public library field, it is important to all librarians, not only as librarians but as citizens
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MATHEMATICAL TRAINING OF ENGINEERS
No full textEducation is not considered to be modern without integration of engineering education and applied information technologies within the whole period of studying at University. Author suggest possible ways of solving these problems
Book Review: The Book Collection
No full textThis is the third volume in the series;the previous two volumes were also reviewedin this Journal by this reviewer. It is apleasure to have the opportunity again tocall attention to this series as well as tothis particular volume.The author presents an excellent introductionto the book entitled Why PeopleRead. This is followed by twenty-five cases and an Appendix containing oneadditional case with two illustrativesolutions.Law Librarians will find particularly interestingthe situations which deal withthe problem of censorship. While thisproblem is most acute in the public libraryfield, it is important to all librarians, notonly as librarians but as citizens
People in online spaces:the social e-servicescape
No full textThe "Servicescape" concept (Bitner 1992) has become an established holistic taxonomy of ‘atmospherics’ that directs managers to relevant issues and questions when designing a service environment. However, it has been criticised as constituting a physical container controlled by the organisation and not as an environment that is inhabited and shaped by individuals. A second weakness is the focus on discrete goal-directed interaction that is temporally constrained within the physical space so that the nature of ongoing social interaction, such as that within the social media, is not addressed. This conceptual paper argues that the Servicescape can be extended and proposes formulations for the website and social media environments. The extensions involve updating rather than reformulating the original framework and thus provide an holistic analytical framework which can be used to examine both online and offline services delivery. The proposed extensions of the Servicescape to the online environment offer a foundation for further research into how the manipulation of online atmospherics influences firm to customer and customer to customer interactions.<br/
Looking for a common time. The Balt lands and Scandinavia in the early migration period
No full textInvestigations concerning the mutual contacts between Scandinavia and the south-eastern
Baltic zone in the Early Migration Period should be combined with careful chronological studies, otherwise
it is not possible to point out the source of inspiration and the direction of contacts. A barrier limited
such studies still remains the differences in chronological systems used by the researchers from both
sides of the Baltic Sea. The author has proposed the synchronisation of Balt-Scandinavian chronology
based on the most common phenomenon in Europe in the Early Migration Period, namely the stamp
ornamentation. But instead of rather amorphous styles the horizons of certain artefacts decorated in these
styles, Samland and Sosdala horizons, have been distinguished and analysed. The author established the
relative chronological sequence of individual artefacts within the Sosdala and Samland horizons. There
are three phases of each horizon. In absolute dating the beginning of horizons in question could be
placed in the 2nd half of the 4lh c., while their ending in mid 5lh c. Basing on such a framework it was
possible to establish the sequences of both Scandinavian and Balt artefacts correlated to each other. It
was possible to distinguish six phases: phase 0 preceding the appearance of the Samland and Sosdala
horizons, phases 1-3 synchronic with these horizons and phases 4—5 succeeding the horizons in question.
The above sequence of phases may be fitted within the interregional chronological framework
Closing the gaps: An analysis of graduate students' preceived expectations and perceptions of services at a private historically Black College/University's School of Business, 2008
No full textSatisfaction is the customers' evaluation of a product or service in terns of whether that product or service has met their needs and expectations. Failure to meet needs and expectations is assumed to result in dissatisfaction with the product or service. Evidence also have shown that customer satisfaction and service quality perceptions affect consumer intentions to behave in other positive ways--praising the firm (school), preferring the company (university) over others, increasing their volume of purchases (recommending/encouraging others to attend), or agreeably paying a price premium (Zeithmai & Bitner, 2000). Zeithmal and Bitner, in their research, cited a study that found there to be strong links between service quality and other behavioral intentions of strategic importance to a university such as students saying positive things about the school, planning to contribute money to the class pledge upon graduation and planning to recommend the school to employers as a place from which to recruit. This research examines the gaps of students' perception to their expectations by analyzing the correlations between five dimensions (independent variables), mean gap scores and the overall satisfaction of the students surveyed. Also, the mean gap scores and students' intentions to behave particularly related to the recommendation of the business school to others is also examined. Additionally, the paper discusses how the school's leadership, faculty. and staff can promote and continue to improve quality services to its students and a recommendation for the approach for improvement
W poszukiwaniu wspólnego czasu. Ziemie bałtyjskie a Skandynawia we wczesnym okresie wędrówek ludów
No full textInvestigations concerning the mutual contacts between Scandinavia and the south-eastern Baltic zone in the Early Migration Period should be combined with careful chronological studies, otherwise it is not possible to point out the source of inspiration and the direction of contacts. A barrier limited such studies still remains the differences in chronological systems used by the researchers from both sides of the Baltic Sea. The author has proposed the synchronisation of Balt-Scandinavian chronology based on the most common phenomenon in Europe in the Early Migration Period, namely the stamp ornamentation. But instead of rather amorphous styles the horizons of certain artefacts decorated in these styles, Samland and Sosdala horizons, have been distinguished and analysed. The author established the relative chronological sequence of individual artefacts within the Sosdala and Samland horizons. There are three phases of each horizon. In absolute dating the beginning of horizons in question could be placed in the 2nd half of the 4lh c., while their ending in mid 5lh c. Basing on such a framework it was possible to establish the sequences of both Scandinavian and Balt artefacts correlated to each other. It was possible to distinguish six phases: phase 0 preceding the appearance of the Samland and Sosdala horizons, phases 1-3 synchronic with these horizons and phases 4—5 succeeding the horizons in question. The above sequence of phases may be fitted within the interregional chronological framework.Investigations concerning the mutual contacts between Scandinavia and the south-eastern Baltic zone in the Early Migration Period should be combined with careful chronological studies, otherwise it is not possible to point out the source of inspiration and the direction of contacts. A barrier limited such studies still remains the differences in chronological systems used by the researchers from both sides of the Baltic Sea. The author has proposed the synchronisation of Balt-Scandinavian chronology based on the most common phenomenon in Europe in the Early Migration Period, namely the stamp ornamentation. But instead of rather amorphous styles the horizons of certain artefacts decorated in these styles, Samland and Sosdala horizons, have been distinguished and analysed. The author established the relative chronological sequence of individual artefacts within the Sosdala and Samland horizons. There are three phases of each horizon. In absolute dating the beginning of horizons in question could be placed in the 2nd half of the 4lh c., while their ending in mid 5lh c. Basing on such a framework it was possible to establish the sequences of both Scandinavian and Balt artefacts correlated to each other. It was possible to distinguish six phases: phase 0 preceding the appearance of the Samland and Sosdala horizons, phases 1-3 synchronic with these horizons and phases 4—5 succeeding the horizons in question. The above sequence of phases may be fitted within the interregional chronological framework
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