Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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Mała fibula pod dużym kamieniem, czyli o badaniach archeologicznych nad Słudwią
No full textIn the autumn of 2019, a stone structure was uncovered in Buszków Dolny, located within Żychlin commune, Kutno county. Excavations were carried out on the 8th and 9th of November, 2019. The central feature of the site was a large, elongated glacial erratic, surrounded by smaller stones forming an enclosure. Beneath this structure, a small oval pit, distinct against the yellow sand, was identified. In the eastern section of the pit, a heavily corroded, unburnt iron fibula was discovered and classified as Type A158, Group VI, according to O. Almgren\u27s typology. The analysis of this metal artefact was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant no. 2024/08/X/HS3/00280). This discovery is part of a broader pattern of object deposition under large stones associated with the Przeworsk culture, which inhabited the Bzura River basin during the Roman period.
The deposit from Buszków Dolny finds its closest parallels in the cemeteries in Mnich, Kutno county, and Patoki. In both instances, no human bones or charcoal were found within the pit fill.In the autumn of 2019, a stone structure was uncovered in Buszków Dolny, located within Żychlin commune, Kutno county. Excavations were carried out on the 8th and 9th of November, 2019. The central feature of the site was a large, elongated glacial erratic, surrounded by smaller stones forming an enclosure. Beneath this structure, a small oval pit, distinct against the yellow sand, was identified. In the eastern section of the pit, a heavily corroded, unburnt iron fibula was discovered and classified as Type A158, Group VI, according to O. Almgren’s typology. The analysis of this metal artefact was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant no. 2024/08/X/HS3/00280). This discovery is part of a broader pattern of object deposition under large stones associated with the Przeworsk culture, which inhabited the Bzura River basin during the Roman period.
The deposit from Buszków Dolny finds its closest parallels in the cemeteries in Mnich, Kutno county, and Patoki. In both instances, no human bones or charcoal were found within the pit fill
Wyobrażenia monet antycznych na okolicznościowych i obiegowych monetach z Ukrainy, Słowacji, Polski i Macedonii z lat 1993–2008. Formy, konteksty i znaczenie upamiętnień
No full textThe article deals with the depiction of ancient coins: Greek, Celtic, Roman and early Byzantine on contemporary circulation and commemorative coins issued in the years 1993-2008 by the central banks of Slavic countries, such as Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland and Macedonia. The coins mentioned are distinguished by a diverse cultural, historical and archaeological context, which is interpreted in terms of multiple connections with elements of ancient reality. The phenomenon of the reception of ancient coins is an example of building and strengthening one\u27s own national identity and conducting a historical policy by a given country.The article deals with the depiction of ancient coins: Greek, Celtic, Roman and early Byzantine on contemporary circulation and commemorative coins issued in the years 1993–2008 by the central banks of Slavic countries, such as Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland and Macedonia. The coins mentioned are distinguished by a diverse cultural, historical and archaeological context, which is interpreted in terms of multiple connections with elements of ancient reality. The phenomenon of the reception of ancient coins is an example of building and strengthening one’s own national identity and conducting a historical policy by a given country
The lexical framework of contemporary archaeology – systematizing concepts, terms, research approaches, and knowledge of the past: Observations made when reading book entitled Leksykon terminów archeologicznych
No full textThe article explores the significance, guiding principles, and structure of Leksykon terminów archeologicznych, offering a critical assessment of the publication in light of the current needs and challenges facing Polish archaeology. The lexicon is examined in relation to other frameworks for structuring disciplinary knowledge within the field. This systematized volume, edited by Arkadiusz Marciniak, Anna I. Zalewska, Dorota Cyngot, Stanisław Iwaniszewski, Hanna Kowalewska-Marszałek, and Franciszek M. Stępniowski, published in 2024, presents a conceptualization of the archaeological research process rooted in the Polish research tradition. The article highlights the lexicon’s distinctive contribution as both an extension of prior efforts toward conceptualization of Polish archaeology and a point of departure for further discussion on establishing systematic lexical framework of contemporary Polish archaeology.The article explores the significance, guiding principles, and structure of Leksykon terminów archeologicznych, offering a critical assessment of the publication in light of the current needs and challenges facing Polish archaeology. The lexicon is examined in relation to other frameworks for structuring disciplinary knowledge within the field. This systematized publication, edited by Arkadiusz Marciniak, Anna I. Zalewska, Dorota Cyngot, Stanisław Iwaniszewski, Hanna Kowalewska-Marszałek, and Franciszek M. Stępniowski, published in 2024, presents a conceptualization of the archaeological research process rooted in the Polish research tradition. The article highlights the lexicon’s distinctive contribution as both an extension of prior efforts toward conceptualization of Polish archaeology and a point of departure for further discussion on establishing systematic lexical framework of contemporary Polish archaeology
Popular or ignored? Archaeological heritage in municipal monuments care programs in Poland
No full textThis article presents preliminary results from a nationwide survey investigating the inclusion of archaeological heritage in Municipal Monuments Care Programs (MMCPs). The research addresses a significant knowledge deficiency regarding the extent to which archaeological assets are recognized and integrated into local development strategies. Although previous findings indicate that, despite the cultural and historical significance of archaeological heritage, its presence in municipal strategic documents is limited and often superficial, a lack of concrete data makes it impossible to conduct a knowledge-based analysis of the problem. The survey included questions about whether, and in which components of the MMCP, archaeological heritage was present, in order to determine how archaeological heritage is addressed at different stages of the planning process. The study reveals a pronounced gap between the formal recognition of archaeological heritage and its practical implementation in local policy. The results highlight the need for more comprehensive and participatory approaches to heritage management at the municipal level.This article presents preliminary results from a nationwide survey investigating the inclusion of archaeological heritage in Municipal Monuments Care Programs (MMCPs). The research addresses a significant knowledge deficiency regarding the extent to which archaeological assets are recognized and integrated into local development strategies. Although previous findings indicate that, despite the cultural and historical significance of archaeological heritage, its presence in municipal strategic documents is limited and often superficial, a lack of concrete data makes it impossible to conduct a knowledge-based analysis of the problem. The survey included questions about whether, and in which components of the MMCP, archaeological heritage was present, in order to determine how archaeological heritage is addressed at different stages of the planning process. The study reveals a pronounced gap between the formal recognition of archaeological heritage and its practical implementation in local policy. The results highlight the need for more comprehensive and participatory approaches to heritage management at the municipal level
Neuroestetyka w badaniach sztuki pradziejowej. Ocena potencjału
No full textThe article aims to assess the potential of neuroaesthetics in the study of ornamentation, as well as the form and style of archaeological artefacts. Neuroaesthetics, as a research approach, suggests incorporating the mechanisms of human brain function into the analysis of art creation and perception. Traditional studies of prehistoric art primarily focus on cultural context, often overlooking the biological aspect. By drawing on insights from cognitive science and neuroscience, it is possible to explore the physiological foundations of art. Analysis of contemporary research on the mind suggests that prehistoric artists, by adhering to the principles of perception and physiology, unconsciously stimulated specific areas of the viewer’s brain, leading to the emergence of aesthetic experiences.The article aims to assess the potential of neuroaesthetics in the study of ornamentation, as well as the form and style of archaeological artefacts. Neuroaesthetics, as a research approach, suggests incorporating the mechanisms of human brain function into the analysis of art creation and perception. Traditional studies of prehistoric art primarily focus on cultural context, often overlooking the biological aspect. By drawing on insights from cognitive science and neuroscience, it is possible to explore the physiological foundations of art. Analysis of contemporary research on the mind suggests that prehistoric artists, by adhering to the principles of perception and physiology, unconsciously stimulated specific areas of the viewer’s brain, leading to the emergence of aesthetic experiences
Rzecz dawna - materialne pozostałości z niedalekiej przeszłości a społeczeństwo. Zagadnienia wstępne
No full textThe article discusses the issue of social perception of cultural goods, material heritage, monuments, artefacts, and related categories, in comparison with scientific, conservation, and legal discourse. The aim of the text is to highlight the multifaceted problem of ill-defined terms and, at the same time, the social understanding of so-called “old objects,” while outlining proposals and recommendations for the future. The article serves as an introduction to the subject and, at the same time, contributes to a broader discussion concerning the ambiguity of many terms related to cultural heritage and the lack of a single, universally accepted interpretation of the concept of a monument/heritage site. The problem under discussion should be linked to various disciplines, as well as to approaches such as “studies of things”, heritology, or “new materialism” which propose new ways of approaching old objects and new methods of defining cultural artefacts. The text focuses on products of material culture, mainly from the 20th and 21st centuries – i.e. contemporary artefacts, ethnographic artefacts, cultural artefacts, etc. – thus on objects of the recent past as well as contemporary ones, situated at the intersection of science, heritage protection systems, and society, which is increasingly engaged in cultural heritage.The article discusses the issue of social perception of cultural goods, material heritage, monuments, artefacts, and related categories, in comparison with scientific, conservation, and legal discourse. The aim of the text is to highlight the multifaceted problem of ill-defined terms and, at the same time, the social understanding of so-called “old objects,” while outlining proposals and recommendations for the future. The article serves as an introduction to the subject and, at the same time, contributes to a broader discussion concerning the ambiguity of many terms related to cultural heritage and the lack of a single, universally accepted interpretation of the concept of a monument/heritage site. The problem under discussion should be linked to various disciplines, as well as to approaches such as “studies of things”, heritology, or “new materialism” which propose new ways of approaching old objects and new methods of defining cultural artefacts. The text focuses on products of material culture, mainly from the 20th and 21st centuries – i.e. contemporary artefacts, ethnographic artefacts, cultural artefacts, etc. – thus on objects of the recent past as well as contemporary ones, situated at the intersection of science, heritage protection systems, and society, which is increasingly engaged in cultural heritage
Kim byli zmarli z cmentarza zanikłej wsi Gać? Dane historyczne „kontra” datowanie bezwzględne
No full textThe cemetery of the abandoned village of Gać, located in Greater Poland, offers new insights into its chronology and function. Excavations conducted since 2017 have uncovered 180 burials, exhibiting stratigraphic complexity and a changing spatial organization. Based on 30 radiocarbon dates, Bayesian chronological modeling revealed that the cemetery was in use from the mid-17th to the end of the 18th century, much later than previously assumed.The results challenge earlier interpretations of the site as a 14th-century parish cemetery. Instead, the cemetery appears to have emerged after the decline of the village parish and may have served specific purposes, such as a cemetery for Protestant communities.By combining radiocarbon dating, stratigraphy, and Bayesian modeling, the study provides a refined chronology and highlights the cemetery’s role during the village’s decline. These findings contribute to understanding post-medieval burial practices and underscore the importance of multi-method approaches in reconstructing complex archaeological sequences.The cemetery of the abandoned village of Gać, located in Greater Poland, offers new insights into its chronology and function. Excavations conducted since 2017 have uncovered 180 burials, exhibiting stratigraphic complexity and a changing spatial organization. Based on 30 radiocarbon dates, Bayesian chronological modeling revealed that the cemetery was in use from the mid-17th to the end of the 18th century, much later than previously assumed.The results challenge earlier interpretations of the site as a 14th-century parish cemetery. Instead, the cemetery appears to have emerged after the decline of the village parish and may have served specific purposes, such as a cemetery for Protestant communities.By combining radiocarbon dating, stratigraphy, and Bayesian modeling, the study provides a refined chronology and highlights the cemetery’s role during the village’s decline. These findings contribute to understanding post-medieval burial practices and underscore the importance of multi-method approaches in reconstructing complex archaeological sequences
Filozofia w działaniu czyli przemiany gospodarczo-społeczne w Barbaricum w późnym okresie wpływów rzymskich i u progu wędrówek ludów
No full textThe economy of the European Barbaricum was a dynamic system – variable in time and differentiated in terms of territory. In Central Europe\u27s Early Roman Iron Age, a segmental society with an autarkic economy is visible. It is characterized by dispersed power, dispersed capital, and dispersed production. The primary means of production - arable land - were collectively owned. The factor that stimulated the changes was Roman influences. Another was limitations on agricultural production, leading to the Malthusian crises. With unfavorable climatic changes (cooling down), this led to a radical reorganization of agriculture. This was a reason for the creation of a strongly hierarchical community and the centralization of production. The consequence was also the concentration of power and capital.The economy of the European Barbaricum was a dynamic system – variable in time and differentiated in terms of territory. In Central Europe’s Early Roman Iron Age, a segmental society with an autarkic economy is visible. It is characterized by dispersed power, dispersed capital, and dispersed production. The primary means of production – arable land – were collectively owned. The factor that stimulated the changes was Roman influences. Another was limitations on agricultural production, leading to the Malthusian crises. With unfavorable climatic changes (cooling down), this led to a radical reorganization of agriculture. This was a reason for the creation of a strongly hierarchical community and the centralization of production. The consequence was also the concentration of power and capital
Pozaziemskie pochodzenie sztyletu Tutanchamona a odkrycia naukowe
No full textThe aim of the article is to verify, using the example of Tutankhamun’s iron dagger, how easily incorrect information can be disseminated in mass culture. This artefact has been repeatedly subjected to physicochemical analyses, yielding increasingly more precise data. In this article I will present the most important results of these studies to show the current state of knowledge on this subject. An important part of the knowledge about this artefact are also the hypotheses related to determining its origin. Outlining them will highlight the most important problems that still exist and dispel doubts and inconsistencies that often appear on the Internet. Implementation of the above assumptions will provide valuable information, contrasting it with catchy headlines appearing on the Internet.The aim of the article is to verify, using the example of Tutankhamun’s iron dagger, how easily incorrect information can be disseminated in mass culture. This artefact has been repeatedly subjected to physicochemical analyses, yielding increasingly more precise data. In this article I will present the most important results of these studies to show the current state of knowledge on this subject. An important part of the knowledge about this artefact are also the hypotheses related to determining its origin. Outlining them will highlight the most important problems that still exist and dispel doubts and inconsistencies that often appear on the Internet. Implementation of the above assumptions will provide valuable information, contrasting it with catchy headlines appearing on the Internet
Archeologia śródmiejskich tajemnic Warszawy – nieznany żydowski dom studiów na Muranowie i pamiątki z powstania w 1943 r.
No full textArchaeology of Warsaw’s inner-city secrets – the unknown Jewish house of studies in Muranów and relics of the 1943 uprising Contemporary Warsaw consists of two cities: one visible on the surface, and the other hidden underground, destroyed during WWII. Archaeological excavations, that have been conducted in Warsaw in recent years, uncover secrets of the second city and remind us of its complicated history. One of such unique discoveries was a Jewish house of studies – bet ha-midrash. It was found in the ruined basement of a tenement house, preserved under the communal lawn for several decades, in the neighbourhood of the Jewish Combat Organization bunker at Miła street. The text discusses tradition of battei ha-midrash, and their existence in Warsaw of 19th and early 20th centuries. Artefacts found in the place in question, such as the remains of a burned Hebrew library, and the objects related to Jewish religious life, are also presented. These mementos of the murdered Jewish inhabitants of Warsaw are not only evidence of the era, but also they pose questions to the present generations. Is a modern, developing city able to take care of the reminders of the past? Can the community see the potential of memory?Archaeology of Warsaw’s inner-city secrets – the unknown Jewish house of studies in Muranów and relics of the 1943 uprising Contemporary Warsaw consists of two cities: one visible on the surface, and the other hidden underground, destroyed during WWII. Archaeological excavations, that have been conducted in Warsaw in recent years, uncover secrets of the second city and remind us of its complicated history. One of such unique discoveries was a Jewish house of studies – bet ha-midrash. It was found in the ruined basement of a tenement house, preserved under the communal lawn for several decades, in the neighbourhood of the Jewish Combat Organization bunker at Miła street. The text discusses tradition of battei ha-midrash, and their existence in Warsaw of 19th and early 20th centuries. Artefacts found in the place in question, such as the remains of a burned Hebrew library, and the objects related to Jewish religious life, are also presented. These mementos of the murdered Jewish inhabitants of Warsaw are not only evidence of the era, but also they pose questions to the present generations. Is a modern, developing city able to take care of the reminders of the past? Can the community see the potential of memory