3,199 research outputs found
Intelligent Initialization and Adaptive Thresholding for Iterative Matrix Completion: Some Statistical and Algorithmic Theory for Adaptive-Impute
No full textOver the past decade, various matrix completion algorithms have been developed. Thresholded singular value decomposition (SVD) is a popular technique in implementing many of them. A sizable number of studies have shown its theoretical and empirical excellence, but choosing the right threshold level still remains as a key empirical difficulty. This article proposes a novel matrix completion algorithm which iterates thresholded SVD with theoretically justified and data-dependent values of thresholding parameters. The estimate of the proposed algorithm enjoys the minimax error rate and shows outstanding empirical performances. The thresholding scheme that we use can be viewed as a solution to a nonconvex optimization problem, understanding of whose theoretical convergence guarantee is known to be limited. We investigate this problem by introducing a simpler algorithm, generalized- softImpute, analyzing its convergence behavior, and connecting it to the proposed algorithm.
Detection of EGFR Mutations Using Bronchial Washing-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma
No full textThe detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, based on tissue biopsy samples, provides a valuable guideline for the prognosis and precision medicine in patients with lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to examine minimally invasive bronchial washing (BW)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for EGFR mutation analysis in patients with lung cancer. A lab-on-a-disc equipped with a filter with 20-nm pore diameter, Exo-Disc, was used to enrich EVs in BW samples. The overall detection sensitivity of EGFR mutations in 55 BW-derived samples was 89.7% and 31.0% for EV-derived DNA (EV-DNA) and EV-excluded cell free-DNA (EV-X-cfDNA), respectively, with 100% specificity. The detection rate of T790M in 13 matched samples was 61.5%, 10.0%, and 30.8% from BW-derived EV-DNA, plasma-derived cfDNA, and tissue samples, respectively. The acquisition of T790M resistance mutation was detected earlier in BW-derived EVs than plasma or tissue samples. The longitudinal analysis of BW-derived EVs showed excellent correlation with the disease progression measured by CT images. The EGFR mutations can be readily detected in BW-derived EVs, which demonstrates their clinical potential as a liquid-biopsy sample that may aid precise management, including assessment of the treatment response and drug resistance in patients with lung cancer
Photoactive Antiviral Face Mask with Self-Sterilization and Reusability
No full textSince the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the increasing demand and disposal of surgical masks has resulted in significant economic costs and environmental impacts. Here, we applied a dual-channel spray-assisted nanocoating hybrid of shellac/copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) to a nonwoven surgical mask, thereby increasing the hydrophobicity of the surface and repelling aqueous droplets. The resulting surface showed outstanding photoactivity (combined photocatalytic and photothermal properties) for antimicrobial action, conferring reusability and self-sterilizing ability to the masks. Under solar illumination, the temperature of this photoactive antiviral mask (PAM) rapidly increased to >70 degrees C, generating a high level of free radicals that disrupted the membrane of nanosized (similar to 100 nm) virus-like particles and made the masks self-cleaning and reusable. This PAM design can provide significant protection against the transmission of viral aerosols in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic
HUE: Pretrained Model and Dataset for Understanding Hanja Documents of Ancient Korea
No full textHistorical records in Korea before the 20th century were primarily written in Hanja, an extinct language based on Chinese characters and not understood by modern Korean or Chinese speakers. Historians with expertise in this time period have been analyzing the documents, but that process is very difficult and time-consuming, and language models would significantly speed up the process. Toward building and evaluating language models for Hanja, we release the Hanja Understanding Evaluation dataset consisting of chronological attribution, topic classification, named entity recognition, and summary retrieval tasks. We also present BERT-based models continued training on the two major corpora from the 14th to the 19th centuries: the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and Diaries of the Royal Secretariats. We compare the models with several baselines on all tasks and show there are significant improvements gained by training on the two corpora. Additionally, we run zero-shot experiments on the Daily Records of the Royal Court and Important Officials (DRRI). The DRRI dataset has not been studied much by the historians, and not at all by the NLP community
sj-tif-2-taj-10.1177_20406223231176175 – Supplemental material for Air pollution and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study in South Korea
No full textSupplemental material, sj-tif-2-taj-10.1177_20406223231176175 for Air pollution and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study in South Korea by Suna Kang, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Danbee Kang, Hyunsoo Kim, Jin Lee, Woojin Kim, Sung-Won Kang, Eliseo Guallar, Juhee Cho and Hye Yun Park in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231189421 – Supplemental material for Pretreatment endocrine symptoms and recurrence-free survival among young premenopausal patients with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231189421 for Pretreatment endocrine symptoms and recurrence-free survival among young premenopausal patients with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study by Danbee Kang, Juhee Cho, Seri Park, Hyo Jung Kim, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Jonghan Yu, Se Kyung Lee, Ji-Yeon Kim, Seok Jin Nam and Yeon Hee Park in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology</p
sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223231176175 – Supplemental material for Air pollution and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study in South Korea
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223231176175 for Air pollution and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study in South Korea by Suna Kang, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Danbee Kang, Hyunsoo Kim, Jin Lee, Woojin Kim, Sung-Won Kang, Eliseo Guallar, Juhee Cho and Hye Yun Park in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-tif-3-taj-10.1177_20406223231176175 – Supplemental material for Air pollution and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study in South Korea
No full textSupplemental material, sj-tif-3-taj-10.1177_20406223231176175 for Air pollution and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study in South Korea by Suna Kang, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Danbee Kang, Hyunsoo Kim, Jin Lee, Woojin Kim, Sung-Won Kang, Eliseo Guallar, Juhee Cho and Hye Yun Park in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
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