1,720,994 research outputs found
In silico design of crop ideotypes under a wide range of water availability
Get PDFGiven the changing climate and increasing impact of agriculture on global resources, it is important to identify phenotypes which are global and sustainable optima. Here, an in silico framework is constructed by coupling evolutionary optimization with thermodynamically sound crop physiology, and its ability to rationally design phenotypes with maximum productivity is demonstrated, within well‐defined limits on water availability. Results reveal that in mesic environments, such as the North American Midwest, and semi‐arid environments, such as Colorado, phenotypes optimized for maximum productivity and survival under drought are similar to those with maximum productivity under irrigated conditions. In hot and dry environments like California, phenotypes adapted to drought produce 40% lower yields when irrigated compared to those optimized for irrigation. In all three representative environments, the trade‐off between productivity under drought versus that under irrigation was shallow, justifying a successful strategy of breeding crops combining best productivity under irrigation and close to best productivity under drought.This article is published as Jubery, Talukder Z., Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Matthew E. Gilbert, and Daniel Attinger. "In silico design of crop ideotypes under a wide range of water availability." Food and Energy Security (2019): e167. DOI: 10.1002/fes3.167. Posted with permission.</p
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ELECTROKINETIC MANIPULATION OF BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State UniversityRecent experimental studies show that electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic these two electrokinetic forces can manipulate biological particles efficiently in micro/nanofluidic devices. Electrokinetic forces in those devices depend on various parameters related to properties of the particle, surrounding fluid and device. Therefore, to design an effective micro/nanofluidic platform for a specific manipulation, it is necessary to analyze the effect of the above parameters using mathematical models and numerical simulations. To reduce computational cost, a point based method or smaller domain or single particle is used in the conventional modeling and simulation. However, these methods produce erroneous results when particle and device sizes are comparable, and often ignore detail physics in the devices.
To overcome the limitations of existing methods, two mathematical models and numerical algorithms have been developed considering presence of multiple particles in an actual device. The first model is based on distributed Lagrange multiplier based fictitious domain approach for flow field and motion of particles, and on a multi-domain method for electric potential. This model is suitable for those electrokinetic manipulation devices where dielectrophoretic force dominates. Dielectrophoretic force in this model is calculated using Maxwell stress tensor. The capability of the proposed model is demonstrated by simulating trajectories of two biological particles of different electrical properties. Next, based on this model a new microfluidic device was designed to improve the efficiency of continuous separation of particles. A hybrid and periodic truncated trapezoidal electrodes configuration has been suggested in that device to increase inter particle distance while applying dielectrophoretic force in two directions. The second mathematical model is developed based on Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations along with Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow and on the Langevin equation for particle translocation. This model is suitable for electrophoretic manipulation of nanoparticles. Separation of nano-bioparticles through solid state nanopore has been studied using this model. Our numerical study suggests that membrane pore surface charge density is a more important parameter than pore diameter and length for particle separation through a nanopore.Department of Mechanical Engineerin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
3d Reconstruction of Plants Using Probabilistic Voxel Carving
Get PDFWe propose a novel probabilistic voxel carving algorithm to efficiently reconstruct 3D models of maize plants and extract leaf traits for phenotyping. Traditional voxel carving algorithm is restricted to a limited number of views and usually requires multiple coordinated cameras in the imaging setup. They are also not robust small movements of the object, which introduce noise into the data. These imperfections in data collection can lead to large regions of the object being carved away during the voxel carving process, leading to incomplete and disjoint objects. We have developed a novel probabilistic voxel carving algorithm to overcome these challenges. In this approach, instead of carving out or keeping a voxel in a binary manner, we associate a probability of a voxel corresponding to it being part of the plant. We then use a user-defined probability cutoff to obtain the final voxelized plant geometry. We optimize the data collection procedure by adopting a rotating base to hold the plant and then capturing videos of the rotating plants, thereby obtaining an arbitrary number of views by extracting the image frames. Additionally, we leverage GPU computing to implement our voxel carving and trait extraction pipeline for a large dataset with over 1000 maize plants with high voxel resolutions (such as 1024^3). Our results demonstrate that our algorithm is robust and can handle an arbitrary number of views, and can automatically extract plant traits such as the number of leaves and leaf angles. Our approach shows that 3D reconstructions of plants from multi-view images can accurately extract multiple phenotypic traits, enabling better plant breeding programs.This is a preprint from Feng, Jiale and Saadati, Mojdeh and Jubery, Talukder and Jignasu, Anushrut and Balu, Aditya and Li, Yawei and Attigala, Lakshmi and Schnable, Patrick S. and Sarkar, Soumik and Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar and Krishnamurthy, Adarsh, 3d Reconstruction of Plants Using Probabilistic Voxel Carving. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4436133. Published as Feng, Jiale, Mojdeh Saadati, Talukder Jubery, Anushrut Jignasu, Aditya Balu, Yawei Li, Lakshmi Attigala et al. "3D reconstruction of plants using probabilistic voxel carving." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 213 (2023): 108248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108248
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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