128 research outputs found
Forner-Alcaide 5 and Forner-Alcaide 13: Two New Citrus Rootstocks Released in Spain
No full textThe search for new citrus rootstocks with better performance than those currently used is the major aim of the citrus industry in many countries. New diseases, the spread of known diseases, and citrus culture under different environmental conditions force the demand for new rootstocks. Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], the most used rootstock in Spain, frequently shows iron chlorosis and salinity problems. Other less common rootstocks, such as Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshniHort. ex Tan.), C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq., Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. x P. trifoliata), and C. macrophylla Wester, do not conveniently solve the problems. Forner-Alcaide 5 (F-A 5) and Forner-Alcaide 13 (F-A 13) are two interspecific hybrids obtained through traditional hybridization by the senior author in a program for breeding citrus rootstocks at the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) in Moncada (Valencia), Spain. The goals of the breeding program were to obtain new rootstocks tolerant to CTV, salinity, and lime-induced chlorosis and resistant to Phytophthora sp. (Forner and Alcaide, 1993, 1994; Forner et al., 1997
Performance of Navel orange trees grafted onto two new dwarfing rootstocks (Forner-Alcaide 517 and Forner-Alcaide 418)
No full textThe aim of the present work was to study the performance of two new dwarfing citrus rootstocks (FornerAlcaide 517 and Forner-Alcaide 418) in comparison with Carrizo citrange. To carry out these experiments, rootstocks were budded with Navelina Navel orange scions. In young plants, rootstocks' size-controlling capacity was associated to their hydraulic conductance. In the case of Forner-Alcaide 418, lower hydraulic conductance was related to a smaller lumen area of root xylem vessels with respect to the other rootstocks. Also, hydraulic resistance of bud union segments of the stem was found to decrease with increasing vigour of plants grafted onto the different rootstocks. Furthermore, the graft union may provide resistance to sucrose transport in dwarfing rootstocks, as indicated by the reduced translocation of 13C-labelled photoassimilates from leaves to roots and reduced soluble sugar and starch concentrations under the graft union. This may result in a deficient carbohydrate supply to roots in dwarfing rootstocks, thereby stunting their growth. Accordingly, small root size and low hydraulic conductivity may cause water deficit in leaves during periods of high evaporative demand, inducing stomata! closure. This leads to a decrease in photosynthetic assimilation rate, which may affect plant growth negatively. These effects occur to a different extent in scions on both dwarfing rootstocks, appearing to be the cause of their reduced growth. Moreover, plants on both dwarfing rootstocks showed decreased translocation of 13 C-photoassimilates to roots, possibly contributing to higher availability of these compounds in the scion, and resulting in increased 13C transport towards the fruits. This effect could explain the higher yield efficiencies found in dwarfing rootstocks. A ten-year long field experiment, with trees grafted onto the three rootstocks, showed that FornerAlcaide 517 and Forner-Alcaide 418 induced lower canopy volumes and higher yield efficiencies than Carrizo citrange. In addition, our results show both dwarfing rootstocks produce good fruit quality, are suitable for high density plantings and can be cultured in alkaline soils. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
NUTRITIONAL RESPONSES OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS TO SALINITY: PERFORMANCE OF THE NEW HYBRIDS FORNER-ALCAIDE 5 AND FORNER-ALCAIDE 13
No full textThis study assesses the nutritional behavior of the new citrus rootstocks Forner-Alcaide no.5 (FA-5) and Forner-Alcaide no. 13 (FA-13) under saline conditions compared to that of their parents, Cleopatra mandarin (CM) and Poncirus trifoliata (PT). Eighteen month-old plants grafted with Valencia orange scions were used in the experiment. The plants were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated over an. eight-week period with nutrient solutions to which, different amounts of sodium chloride (NaCl) had been added, namely 0, 20, 40 and 60 mM. Relative growth and the uptake of major mineral elements [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg,)] were then determined. It was noted that the reduction in relative growth caused by salt treatment was greater in plants grafted on PT than those on FA-13, FA-5 and CM. increasing the salt level in the growth medium reduced the absorption of the above mineral elements in all scion-rootstock combinations. However; this decrease was generally more marked in plants grafted on PT than in those on CM and FA-5. Plants on FA-13 showed an intermediate behavior Positive correlations were found between growth and mineral element uptake by salt treated plants. Nutrient uptake was also plotted against chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) concentrations in leaves and roots at increasing salt levels. This showed that N absorption was closely correlated (inversely) with Cl content in leaves, whereas K, Ca and Mg uptakes were correlated (inversely) with Na concentration in roots. This suggests that the accumulation of saline ions impacts growth and nutrient uptake by citrus plants
Performance of Forner-Alcaide 5 and Forner-Alcaide 13, hybrids of Cleopatra mandarin x Poncirus trifoliata, as Salinity-Tolerant Citrus Rootstocks
No full textChloride and sodium concentrations and gas exchange parameters were measured on leaves of 'Valencia' orange scions grafted onto the rootstocks Cleopatra mandarin (CM), Poncirus trifoliato (PT) and their hybrids Forner-Alcaide 5 (FA-5) and Forner-Alcaide 13 (FA-13), grown in pots with different concentrations of NaCl in the external medium. Scions on CM accumulated less Cl(-) in their leaves than scions on PT. However, Na(+) concentrations were lower in scions on PT than on CM. Leaf Cl(-) exclusion appears to be transmitted to F1 hybrids FA-5 and FA-13. Also, the limited transport of Na(+) from rootstock to scions on PT was transmitted to FA-5. Leaf gas exchange parameters in salt-treated plants were reduced to different extents, depending on the rootstock. The decreases in net CO, assimilation and transpiration were more pronounced in CM, followed by PT and FA-13. The lowest reductions in both parameters occurred in scions on FA-5. The results indicate that, both in terms of saline ion exclusion and gas exchange parameters, FA-5 was the most tolerant genotype to salinity of the four studied, followed by FA-13
Pectínidos de las aguas de Castellón: faunística, taxonomía y evolución
No full textEn la costa de Castellón existe un banco natural de pectínidos del que se extraen ejemplares adultos de vieira por las embarcaciones de arrastre, aunque las capturas no son importantes. En el proceso de captación de semillas dentro del banco natural, mediante el fondeo de colectores filamentosos, se han encontrado otras once especies de pectínidos, realizándose unas claves dicotómicas para diferenciar las semillas de pocos milímetros. Recientemente se han utilizado técnicas de biología molecular para diferenciar los pectínidos y estudiar su evolución. Pectinidae of Castellón (Spain) coast: fauna, taxonomy and evolution In the Castellón coast there is a natural population of scallops that are caught by trawlers, though the catches are not important. During the spat settlement experiments in the scallop population ground, by means of the deployment of filamentous collectors, a total of 12 scallop species were caught and classified. We describe a dichotomy keys to elucidate these 12 spat species of very few millimeters in shell length. Recently, some molecular techniques have been used to differentiate the scallop species and to study their evolution
Un texto olvidado de Juan Pablo Forner: la comedia, para funciones múltiples, de Los aduladores
No full textThis article rescues from oblivion one of the few plays composed by Juan Pablo Forner in the Spanish Eighteenth Century that we have preserved, but of which there was no news at the present time. It is a comedy, Los aduladores, which was premiered posthumously in Madrid, at the Teatro de la Cruz, in 1797. In this paper, the first printed version of Los aduladores since the time it was written is included. The edition is based on the three manuscripts of the text preserved in the Municipal Historical Library of Madrid, the only sources until now known that transmit it. In the introductory study, comedy is also framed in the group of eighteenth-century theatrical creations, to which,by its compositional characteristics, it belongs.En este artículo se rescata del olvido una de las escasas obras teatrales compuestas por Juan Pablo Forner en el siglo XVIII español que se ha conservado, pero de la cual no existían noticias en la actualidad. Se trata de una comedia, Los aduladores, que fue estrenada, póstuma, en Madrid, en el Teatro de la Cruz, en el año de 1797. En el presente trabajo ofrecemos la primera versión impresa que se ha hecho de Los aduladores desde la época de su redacción. La edición se realiza tomando como texto base el testimonio A ayudándonos de los otros testimonios B y C, todos tres conservados en la Biblioteca Histórica Municipal madrileña, las únicas fuentes, hasta hoy conocidas, que la transmiten. La comedia también es encuadrada en el grupo de creaciones teatrales dieciochescas en el estudio introductorio, al que, por sus características compositivas, pertenece
Pasatiempo de D. Juan Pablo Forner en respuesta a las objeciones que se han hecho a su Oración apologética por la España
No full textSign.: []\p1\s, A-B\p8\s, A-L\p8\s, M\p2\sAnte
JUAN GINÉS DE SEPÚLVEDA, Antiapología en defensa de Alberto Pío, príncipe de Carpi, frente a Erasmo da Rotterdam, edición crítica, traducción, notas e introducción J. Solana Pujalte. Comentario sobre la reforma del año y de los meses romanos, edición crítica E. Rodríguez Peregrina, J. Solana Pujalte, J. J. Valverde Abril introducción histórica A. Ma. Carabias Torres. Exhortación a Carlos V, edición crítica, traducción e introducción filológica J. M. Rodríguez Peregrina introducción histórica B. Cuart Moner
No full textThe Forner Alcaide nº 5 citrus genotype shows a different physiological response to the excess of boron in the irrigation water in relation to its two genotype progenitors
No full textCitrus rootstocks, (i.e. Carrizo citrange, Cleopatra mandarin, and Forner-Alcaide nº5) influence the agronomical and physiological behavior of citrus trees under unfavorable environmental conditions. Citrus are very sensitive to boron (B) toxicity. However, when good-quality water is scarce, growers must use water treatment and desalination plant water for irrigation, which may have a B concentration that is above the threshold recommended for citrus trees (0.5 mg L−1). There is little information on the relative tolerance of citrus rootstocks to an excess of B, and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved. In this work, the morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional responses of three citrus rootstock plants, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.×Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.) and Forner-Alcaide nº 5 (Cleopatra mandarin×Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), under different concentrations of B in the irrigation water (0.25, 5 and 10 mg L−1), grown in containers in a greenhouse, were studied. The results showed that Carrizo citrange was very sensitive to B toxicity, as the plants had the most reduced vegetative growth, the greatest concentration of B in their leaves, stem and roots, a greater concentration of malondialdehyde in leaves, and a lesser net assimilation of CO2. The other two genotypes did not show differences in the accumulation of B in their tissues. Nevertheless, Cleopatra mandarin showed a greater tolerance, as its photosynthetic system was less affected by B toxicity, probably due to its potent antioxidant system, which is based on a high activity of catalase, which restricts the accumulation of malondialdehyde in its leaves. Forner Alcaide nº 5 had an intermediate tolerance, similar to Cleopatra mandarin than to Carrizo citrange, as per the accumulation of B in its leaves. Forner-Alcaide nº 5 was the only genotype whose root was not affected by B toxicity
Pasatiempo de D.Juan Pablo Forner en respuesta a las objecciones que se han hecho a su Oracion apologética por España
No full textAntepSign.: A-B, A-L, M<2
- …
