239 research outputs found
An Analysis of the CHC Model for Comparing Cognitive Architectures
No full textAbstractThere are many cognitive architectures available nowadays, and each architecture has its own different mechanisms. Therefore, we need to identify the advantages and disadvantages of these architectures in order to improve upon them. In this paper, we propose new metrics for comparing cognitive architectures based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model, which is used in psychology to explain factors of intelligence. Here, we analyze factors of intelligence in the CHC model and interpret them as elements of a new cognitive architecture. Then, the CHC model is investigated with respect to “data” and “processing” to obtain a metric for each component. We present examples using Soar and LIDA to illustrate comparing different cognitive architectures and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach
CHC-COMP 2022: Competition Report
No full textCHC-COMP 2022 is the fifth edition of the competition of solvers for
Constrained Horn Clauses. The competition was run in March 2022; the results
were presented at the 9th Workshop on Horn Clauses for Verification and
Synthesis held in Munich, Germany, on April 3, 2022. This edition featured six
solvers, and eight tracks consisting of sets of linear and nonlinear clauses
with constraints over linear integer arithmetic, linear real arithmetic,
arrays, and algebraic data types. This report provides an overview of the
organization behind the competition runs: it includes the technical details of
the competition setup as well as presenting the results of the 2022 edition.Comment: In Proceedings HCVS/VPT 2022, arXiv:2211.10675. arXiv admin note:
text overlap with arXiv:2109.04635, arXiv:2008.02939 by other author
Hepatitis C : host-virus interactions and their impact on treatment response
No full textHepatitis C is a major cause of chronic liver disease with over 120 million infected people worldwide. Untreated chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection leads in 20-50% to liver cirrhosis culminating in cirrhosis-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma eventually leading to death. For the last decade a combination therapy of pegylated Interferon-alpha (pegIFN-α) and Ribavirin was the standard of care resulting in sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of approximately 50%. The antiviral effect of this cytokine is achieved by creation of an antiviral state in infected host-cells and triggering of the host’s immune system through induction of hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Interestingly, some patients with CHC who show a strong induction of ISGs in the liver even before treatment do not respond to administered pegIFN-α and do not clear the virus. The lack of response is most likely due to refractoriness of the IFN signaling. The reason for this preactivation of the IFN system in the liver in a subset of patients and the following non-response remains unclear. It is the aim of this thesis to improve the understanding of host-virus interactions in hepatitis C infection with regard to the preactivation of the IFN system and its consequential failure to IFN-α based treatment regimens. For this purpose, the host-response in the liver of patients in the acute phase of hepatitis C (AHC) infection, i.e. the first six months after transmission, was investigated. To elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in non-response, we wanted to exploit the fact that in AHC SVR rates to therapy with pegIFN-α are substantially better than in CHC (>90% versus 50%). Six liver biopsies of AHC patients were analyzed for ISG expression and IFN signaling and compared to a set of patients with CHC and control liver samples. Additionally, IFN-α and -γ specific gene sets were defined in primary human hepatocytes. While both AHC and CHC non-responders (CHC-NR) showed a strong induction of ISGs, enrichment analysis revealed that in CHC-NR mainly IFN-α stimulated genes were induced, in contrast to IFN-γ stimulated gene expression in AHC. IFN-γ was increased in AHC and correlated with the amount of infiltrating CD8+ T cells that by immunostaining were found to be co-localized with activated hepatocytes. Analysis of negative regulators of IFN signaling in the IFN-α stimulated gene set revealed exclusively in CHC-NR an upregulation of USP18, a key molecule in establishing refractoriness to IFN-α signaling. These results provide an explanation for the preserved response to pegIFN-α in AHC and highlight USP18 as a potential therapeutical target. Additionally, a possible connection between genetic variants near the IL28B gene and ISG induction in livers of CHC patients was assessed. Four independent genome-wide association studies have revealed a highly significant association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene with the outcome of therapy with pegIFN-α and ribavirin in CHC. We hypothesized that these genetic variants near the IL28B gene, which encodes for IFN-λ3, might be responsible for the preactivation of the IFN system in certain patients. 109 patients with CHC were genotyped for IL28B SNPs and the hepatic ISG expression was quantified. Interestingly, despite an association of the IL28B genotype with the expression of ISGs, stratification revealed that ISG expression is associated with response independent of its IL28B genotype making a direct link rather unlikely. A multivariate analysis using a random forest classifier analysis defined ISG expression, by the means of a 4-gene-classifier, as the strongest treatment predictor. Last, the pharmacodynamics of pegIFN-α in the livers of patients with CHC was explored. Due to higher efficacy, pegIFN-α has replaced conventional IFN-α as standard of care. It is generally assumed that the improved pharmacokinetic properties of the former with a longer half-life leads to better effectiveness through a continuous induction of ISGs. However, basic studies in vitro and in mouse models suggest a long-lasting refractoriness of the IFN-α signaling. We therefore addressed this issue directly in CHC patients receiving treatment. Each patient received a paired biopsy before and at a certain time point after the first injection with pegIFN-α. After transcriptome analyses, clusters of genes with distinctive temporal patterns were generated. The upregulation in the early ISG clusters was only transient and no prolonged upregulation or a second wave of induction could be noticed. Additionally, a direct comparison of the two commercially available pegIFNα, pegIFNα-2a versus -2b at 144h showed no significant difference in the amount or extension of upregulated ISGs, despite the longer serum half-life of pegIFNα-2a. This study indicates that the superior efficacy of pegIFN-α compared to conventional IFN-α cannot be explained by persistent signaling and ISG induction
Characteristics of patients attending CHC and KNH for treatment of pre-cancerous lesions and cervical cancer (N = 54) <sup>†</sup>.
No full textCharacteristics of patients attending CHC and KNH for treatment of pre-cancerous lesions and cervical cancer (N = 54) †.</p
Tensile and Compressive Behavior of CHC‐Reinforced Copper using Molecular Dynamics
No full textGraphene has been extensively studied as nanofiller to produce ultra-strong and ductile metal nanocomposites but challenges such as poor adhesion at the metal–carbon interface have yet to be met. Carbon honeycombs (CHCs) are highly porous3D graphene networks that possess a very large surface area-to-volume ratio, an outstanding physical absorption capacity and notable mechanical properties.Herein, these recently synthetized 3D CHCs are introduced in copper as nano-fillers, and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, failure strain, compressive strength, and critical strain,are obtained using molecular dynamics simulations. Three CHC lattice types are studied, and the metal–carbon interface is accurately modeled by using melting and recrystallization of the copper matrix around the nanofiller. Gains between28% and 50% are obtained for the Young’s modulus, while the tensile strength improved between 43% and 49%. Pullout tests reveal that the copper nanopillars that form by the filling of the honeycomb cells of CHC by copper atoms considerably increase the pullout force and are responsible for improvements in adhesion and in loading stress transfer.This work was supported by FCT, through IDMEC, under LAETA (project no. UIDB/50022/2020); through Centro de Quimica Estrutural (CQE) (project nos. UIDB/00100/2020 and PTDC/QUI-QFI/28367/2017), under Institute of Molecular Sciences (project no. LA/P/0056/2020) and through IPC-Institute for Polymers and Composites. The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support given by FCT in the context of (grant no. CEECINST/00156/2018)
Brachiopod Anatomy, , In "Part H; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology"
No full textPart H(Revised), Vol. 1, BrachiopodaEdited by R. L. Kaesler, coordinating author, Sir Alwyn Williams, leading a team of international specialists, 1997.First volume to be published in this extensive 6-volume revision of the Brachiopoda. Entirely devoted to introductory material, with chapters on the brachiopod anatomy; the genome; physiology; shell biochemistry; shell structure; morphology; ecology of articulated and inarticulated brachiopods; biogeography of articulated and inarticulated brachiopods; and a comprehensive glossary.TRE-H(R), vol. 1, 560 pages, 417 figures, 40 tables, hardbound, indexed, ISBN 0-8137-3108-
Aspekty prawne wdrażania otwartego dostępu. Poradnik dla wydawców czasopism naukowych
No full text**scroll down for English**
Poradnik Instytutu Badań Literackich Polskiej Akademii Nauk opracowany w ramach projektu EAST: Enhancing Accessibility and Sustainability of “Teksty Drugie”, finansowanego w ramach programu OpenAire Alternative Funding Mechanism for non-author fee based Open Access Publishing.
Niniejszy poradnik stawia sobie za cel ułatwienie procesu przyjmowania przez czasopismo modelu otwartego, prezentując w sposób syntetyczny najważniejsze kwestie prawne do rozważenia wraz z propozycjami rozwiązań. Szczegółowe kwestie związane z przyjmowaniem modelu otwartego w czasopismach przedstawiane są w różnych publikacjach. Niniejszy tekst należy traktować jako pewne uzupełnienie i pogłębienie wcześniejszych publikacji, z naciskiem na kwestię zagadnień prawnych związanych z otwartym dostępem widzianych z perspektywy redakcji czasopisma naukowego.
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Guidelines prepared for the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences as a part of the project EAST: Enhancing Accessibility and Sustainability of Teksty Drugie funded by OpenAire Alternative Funding Mechanism for non-author fee based Open Access Publishing
These guidelines explain the process of converting a journal to open access and briefly present the essential legal considerations together with their possible solutions. Detailed information about turning journals to open access can be found in many publications, and the following text should be considered as supplementary to previous materials on the issue. It devotes particular attention to legal problems connected with open access as seen from the perspective of the editors of a scientific journal
Clinical and pathological features of combined hepatocellular–cholangiocarcinoma compared with other liver cancers
No full textBackground and Aim Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a primary liver cancer containing both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) elements. Its reported clinicopathological features and prognoses have varied because of its low prevalence. This study aimed to clarify these aspects of CHC. Methods We enrolled 28 patients with CHC, 1050 with HCC, and 100 with ICC and compared the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of CHC with HCC and ICC. We also analyzed prognostic factors, recurrence patterns, and management in CHC patients. Results The incidences of hepatitis B virus and high alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II levels were significantly higher among CHC compared with ICC patients. Multiple tumors were more frequent in CHC compared with the other groups, while vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis were more frequent in the CHC than the HCC group. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates for CHC were 25.1% and 22.6%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly lower than for HCC (P < 0.001) but not ICC (P = 0.152), while disease-free survival was significantly lower than for HCC and ICC (P = 0.008 and P = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified carcinoembryonic antigen levels and tumor size as independent predictors in patients with CHC. Conclusions The clinical features of CHC, including sex, hepatitis B virus infection, alpha-fetoprotein, and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II levels, were similar to HCC, while its prognosis and pathological features, including vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis, were similar to ICC. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels and tumor size were independent prognostic factors in patients with CHC
Legal aspects of converting a scientifc journal to an open-access model. Guidelines for publishers
No full textGuidelines prepared for the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences as a part of the project EAST: Enhancing Accessibility and Sustainability of Teksty Drugie funded by OpenAire Alternative Funding Mechanism for non-author fee based Open Access Publishing
These guidelines explain the process of converting a journal to open access and briefly present the essential legal considerations together with their possible solutions. Detailed information about turning journals to open access can be found in many publications, and the following text should be considered as supplementary to previous materials on the issue. It devotes particular attention to legal problems connected with open access as seen from the perspective of the editors of a scientific journal
UNDERSTANDING STUDENTS WITH CONVERSION REACTION SYNDROME: A PROPOSED CHC-MHC-FWC FRAMEWORK
No full textConversion Reaction Syndrome (CRS) is used to denote individuals who exhibits psychological stress and then converts by reacting it into physical ways. Symptoms in CRS can vary in severity and may affect movement (weakness or paralysis, loss of balance, and seizures) or senses (vision problems, hearing problems, speech problems that results in slurred speech). Psychological stress in students with learning difficulties may come from parental and teachers’ expectations, peer pressure, poor academic performance, and the inability to cope with stress. With the passage of time, these stress will be induced and gradually be converted into observable behaviors, usually exhibited with the purpose of avoidance. Currently, there is no operational definition of CRS in the field of special education. In this conceptual paper, the author provides an introduction of CRS, proposes a CHC-MHC-FWC framework to understand the syndrome better, and how it affects students’ learning. Article visualizations
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