28 research outputs found
Oreophryne riyantoi Putri, Trilaksono, Kurniati, Engilis & Hamidy 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> Putri, Trilaksono, Kurniati, Engilis & Hamidy, sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 3 A−D, 4A−D)</p> <p> <i>Oreophryne</i> sp1.: Kurniati & Laksono 2021, pp. 30–31</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b>: MZB Amph. 17494 (field number ATH 2794: Fig. 3 A−B, 4A−D), adult male. <b>Paratype</b>: An adult male and a juvenile, MZB Amph. 17493 (field number ATH 2792: Fig. 3 C−D) and MZB Amph. 17495 (field number ATH 2797), respectively. All specimens were collected by Wahyu Trilaksono on 20 November 2011, on Mount Mekongga, Mekongga Mountains, Wawo District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi (3.66267º S, 121.22067º E, 2528 m asl: Fig. 1).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The new species is assigned to the genus <i>Oreophryne</i> based on phylogenetic analysis. It can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view, tympanum indistinct, interorbital distance narrow (IOD/SVL 0.106–0.107), hands small (HAL/SVL 0.221–0.222), fingers and toes unwebbed, terminal discs on fingers and toes small (F3D/SVL 0.032–0.033, T4 D/SVL 0.031–0.032), legs very short (TL/SVL 0.318–0.322) and in life, dorsal surfaces of head, body and limbs irregularly tuberculated.</p> <p> <b>Description of the holotype</b>. Measurements are given in Table 3.Adult male 20.7 mm SVL (Fig. 4). Head slightly wider than long (HL/HW 0.852, HL/SVL 0.320, HW/SVL 0.375); snout short (SL/SVL 0.094) rounded in dorsal and lateral view; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region vertical, nearly flat; tympanum indistinct; nostrils directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than eye (SNL/SL 0.305, EN/SL 0.593); internarial distance more than half of interorbital distance (IND/IOD = 0.776, IND/SVL 0.083); interorbital distance much broadder than upper eyelid (UEW/IOD = 0.731, UEW/SVL 0.078, IOD/SVL 0.107); eye of moderate size (ED/SVL 0.091), pupil ovoid, oriented horizontally.</p> <p>Fingers unwebbed, relative lengths III> IV> II> I; tips of fingers small, rounded, with faint terminal grooves; disc of first finger not expanded (F1D/SVL 0.019); discs on second and fourth fingers approximately as broad as of third finger (F3D/SVL 0.032), the third finger disc slightly wider than penultimate phalanges (phalanges 0.561, F3D/ phalanges 1.176). Toes unwebbed, relative lengths IV> III> V> II> I; tips of toes poorly developed, round discs with faint terminal grooves, slightly wider than penultimate phalanges (phalanges 0.594, T4D/phalanges 1.111); diameter of disc of first toe smaller than that of fourth (T1D/SVL 0.026, T4D/SVL 0.032); no subarticular tubercle; no metatarsal tubercle; hind limbs short (TL/SVL 0.318). Fingers and toes with lateral fringes extending to discs.</p> <p>Dorsal surfaces of head, body and limbs irregularly tuberculated, (Fig 3A–D); supratympanic fold distinct; belly and gular region coarsely granulated, slightly wrinkled. Color in life dark grey, slightly lighter anteriorly; upper arms, dorsal surfaces of fingers and toes orange; indistinct W-shaped mark in scapular region; and mid-dorsal line from snout to vent continuous to the lateral posterior of femur, tibia, to fifth toes (Figs. 3B–D). In preservative, dorsally reddish brown; ventrally pale brown, gular region dusted with brown (Fig. 4A–B).</p> <p> <b>Variation</b>. The adult holotype is morphometrically similar to the adult male paratype (morphometric measurements are given in Table 3). In preservative, dorsal skin of body in adult paratype and juvenile with prominent tubercles, less on limbs. Juvenile specimens with dark brown in dorsal, indistinct W-shaped in the scapular region, and a large white indistinct lumbar ocellus. Color in life of dorsal body in male paratype light yellow to brown; loreal region and beneath eye grey; mouth region with irregular light patches or mottling; tympanic regions beneath the tympanic fold bright yellow; a slightly curved dark bar between upper eyelids; upper surface of snout pale grey to yellowish; a large white defined ocellus in lumbar region (Fig. 3C–D).</p> <p> <b>Comparisons</b>. In the following comparisons, we compared the new species only to male specimens of congeners. <i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is a morphologically distinct species that can be distinguished from all congeners in Sulawesi (morphometric measurements are given in Table 4) as follows: it is distinguished from <i>O. variabilis</i> in smaller body size, SVL 20.19–20.70 mm (vs. 23.14–26.85 mm); interorbital distance narrower, IOD/SVL 0.106 –0.107 (vs. 0.118 –0.141); snout rounded in dorsal view (vs. truncate with an obtusely angled tip); tympanum indistinct (vs. distinct); smaller hands, HAL/SVL 0.221 –0.222 (vs. 0.261 –0.292); smaller digital discs, F3D/SVL 0.032 –0.033, T4D/SVL 0.031 –0.032 (vs. 0.049 –0.057 and 0.041 –0.047); shorter hind limbs, TL/SVL 0.318 –0.322 (vs. 0.375 –0.443); in preservative, lower surfaces pale brown, gular region dusted with brown or less dense mottling (vs. uniform whitish, or greyish with yellow spots, or dark brown with yellow spots).</p> <p> <i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>O. celebensis</i> in having its head relatively shorter, HL/SVL 0.320– 3.222 (vs. 0.350–0.356); interorbital distance narrower, IOD/SVL 0.106–0.107 (vs. 0.131–0.165); eyes smaller, ED/ SVL 0.091–0.103 (vs 0.116–0.123); snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view (vs. truncate with an obtusely angled tip in dorsal, and protruding slightly in lateral view); snout shorter, SL/SVL 0.083–0.094 (vs. 0.110–0.127); tympanum indistinct (vs. distinct); shorter forearms, FAL/SVL 0.194–0.200 (vs. 0.256–0.262); much smaller hands, HAL/ SVL 0.221–0.222 (vs. 0.311–0.332); finger and toe discs small, F3D/SVL 0.032–0.033, T4 D/SVL 0.031–0.032 (vs. 0.056–0.076 and 0.052–0.058); foot shorter, FL/SVL 0.373– 0.381 (vs. 0.459–0.476); hind limbs shorter, TL/SVL 0.318–0.322 (vs. 0.476–0.513).</p> <p> <i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>O. zimmeri</i> in having interorbital distance narrower, IOD/SVL 0.106 – 0.107 (vs. 0.140); eyes smaller, ED/SVL 0.091 –0.103 (vs 0.132); snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view (vs. truncate with an obtusely angled tip in dorsal, and protruding slightly in lateral view); snout shorter, SL/SVL 0.083 –0.094 (vs. 0.119); shorter forearms, FAL/SVL 0.194 –0.200 (vs. 0.243); smaller hands, HAL/SVL 0.221 –0.222 (vs. 0.284); smaller finger discs, F3D/SVL 0.032 –0.033 (vs. 0.049); smaller foot, FL/SVL 0.373 – 0.381 (vs. 0.444); shorter hind limbs, TL/SVL 0.318 –0.322 (vs. 0.475); in life, dorsal surfaces of head, body and limbs irregularly tuberculated (vs. nearly smooth); absence of spots dorsally (vs. presence scattered black spots of irregular shape).</p> <p> Among the Lesser Sunda species, <i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>O. jeffersoniana</i> in having smaller toe discs, T4D/SVL 0.031 –0.032 (vs. 0.035 –0.040); smaller foot, FL/SVL 0.373 – 0.381 (vs 0.478 –0.512); shorter hind limbs, TL/SVL 0.318 –0.322 (vs. 0.486 –0.537); a dorsolateral line from eye to the groin absent (vs. only extending from the eye to more than half-way towards the groin). The new species differs from <i>O. rookmaakeri</i> Mertens 1927 by its indistinct tympanum (vs. distinct tympanum); smaller toe discs, T4D/SVL 0.031 –0.032 (vs. 0.040 – 0.047); smaller foot, FL/SVL 0.373 –0.381 (vs 0.404 –0.430); and shorter hind limbs, TL/SVL 0.318 –0.322 (vs. 0.412 –0.435). Also it differs from <i>O. monticola</i> (Boulenger 1897) by its indistinct tympanum (vs. distinct); smaller toe discs, T4D/SVL 0.031 –0.032 (vs. 0.044 –0.046); and shorter hind limbs TL/SVL 0.32 (vs. 0.425 –0.448).</p> <p> The unwebbed fingers and toes, together with very short hind limbs and poorly developed digital discs, clearly distinguish <i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> from all Moluccan and Papuan <i>Oreophryne</i> except <i>O. minuta</i> Richards & Iskandar 2000, <i>O. alticola</i> Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005, <i>O. brevirostris</i> Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005, <i>O. geminus</i> Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005, <i>O. habbemensis</i> Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005, and <i>O. terrestris</i> Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005. <i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>O. minuta</i> by its body size (SVL 20.19– 20.70 vs. 9.2–11.5) and by dorsolateral stripes (absent vs. present) (Richards & Iskandar 2000); from <i>O. alticola</i> by its ventral colour pattern (belly pale brown vs. dark with large irregular white blotches centrally); from <i>O. brevirostris</i> by its dorsolateral pattern (stripes absent vs. two brown stripes beginning on the nape and becoming indistinct in the lumbar region); from <i>O. geminus</i> by its skin texture (body and limbs irregularly tuberculated vs. body with low longitudinal ridges, most prominent laterally, slightly tuberculate on limbs); from <i>O. habbemensis</i> by its lateral color pattern (without spot vs. with darker spot) and its lumbar ocelli (present vs. absent); and from O. <i>terrestris</i> by its ventral colour pattern (belly pale brown and gular region dusted with brown vs. moderately large, irregular, well separated dark spots) (Zweifel <i>et al.</i> 2005).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The new species is dedicated to Mr. Awal Riyanto, a senior researcher at Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), in recognition of his remarkable contributions on taxonomic work and conservation of herpetofauna in Sulawesi.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and natural history</b>. The new species is only known from the type locality, Mekongga Mountains, Southeast Sulawesi in primary montane forest at an elevation of 2528 m. Specimens were found among leaf litter on extremely wet-forest floor, where the trees were mossy with relatively closed-canopies.According to W.T.L., <i>Oreophryne riyantoi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> calls only between 2 and 5 am. The call, which was not recorded, was described as a series of 3–5 loud “peeping” notes, in which the last note is distinctly softer than those preceding it. We found no other amphibians in sympatry with the new species.</p>Published as part of <i>Putri, Auni Ade, Trilaksono, Wahyu, Kurniati, Hellen, Hitch, Alan Thomas, Jr, Andrew Engilis, Widayati, Kanthi Arum, Farajallah, Achmad & Hamidy, Amir, 2023, A new high elevation species of Oreophryne Boettger (Anura: Microhylidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia, pp. 455-467 in Zootaxa 5353 (5)</i> on pages 459-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.5.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10010360">http://zenodo.org/record/10010360</a>
A new Bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Mekongga Mountains, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia
No full text
Foraging Behavior of Plain-mantled Tit-spinetail (leptasthenura Aegithaloides) in Semiarid Matorral, North-central Chile
No full textData from: Genetic admixture supports an ancient hybrid origin of the endangered Hawaiian duck
No full textSpeciation is regarded primarily as a bifurcation from an ancestral species into two distinct taxonomic units, but gene flow can create different signals of phylogenetic relationships among different loci. We evaluated several hypotheses that could account for phylogenetic discord between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) within Hawaiian ducks (Anas wyvilliana), including stochastic lineage sorting, mtDNA capture, and widespread genomic introgression. Our results best support the hypothesis that the contemporary Hawaiian duck is descended from an ancient hybridization event between the mallard (A. platyrhynchos) and Laysan duck (A. laysanensis). Whereas mtDNA clearly shows a sister-relationship between Hawaiian ducks and mallards, nuDNA is consistent with a genetic mosaic with nearly equal contributions from Laysan ducks and mallards. In addition, coalescent analyses suggest that gene flow from either mallard or Laysan duck, depending on the pre-defined tree topology, is necessary to explain contemporary genetic diversity in Hawaiian ducks, and these estimates are more consistent with ancient, rather than contemporary, hybridization. Time since divergence estimates suggest that the genetic admixture event occurred around the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, which is further supported by circumstantial evidence from the Hawaiian sub-fossil record. Although the extent of reproductive isolation from either putative parental taxon is not currently known, these species are phenotypically, genetically, and ecologically different, and they meet primary criteria used in avian taxonomy for species designation. Thus, the available data are consistent with an admixed origin, and support the hypothesis that the Hawaiian duck may represent a young hybrid species
Manual para Estimar Edad y Sexo en Aves del Parque Nacional Bosque Fray Jorge y Chile Central, con Notas sobre Rangos de Distribución y Estación Reproductiva
No full textEl Parque Nacional Fray Jorge (en adelante Fray Jorge ) comprende 9.959 ha. en la costa de la IV Región de Chile (Coquimbo), a unos 400 km al norte de Santiago y a 100 km al sur de La Serena (30 ° 41\u27S, 71 ° 40\u27W) (Fig. 1). Se trata de una Reserva de la Biosfera que se ha protegido del pastoreo y las perturbaciones antrópicas desde 1941 (Squeo et al. 2004). Como tal, es un oasis biótico rodeado de áreas agrícolas cada vez más intervenidas por el hombre (Bahre 1979). El clima es mediterráneo, con 130 mm de precipitación anual, la que cae 90% en invierno (May-Sep) y es medida desde 1989 en una estación meteorológica en el lugar. Los veranos son cálidos y secos, aunque la niebla y las nubes costeras son frecuentes. La vegetación se caracteriza por la estepa matorral costero (Gajardo 1994), generalmente espinosa y hojas caducas de verano -períodos de sequías- o perennes, con densa cobertura de arbustos (aproximadamente 50-60%; Meserve et al. 2009) y hierbas de sotobosque en un sustrato principalmente de arena (Gutiérrez et al. 2010).https://repository.lsu.edu/spmns/1000/thumbnail.jp
STRUCTURE.Input.FILES
No full textInput files for STRUCTURE runs. Three files include analyses between 15 Hawaiian duck, 21 Laysan duck, and 25 mallard samples with data sets where (a) recombination was ignored, (b) loci were filtered for recombination, and (c) 17 diagnostic SNPs ascertained by comparing Laysan ducks and mallards (Table S2). Similar to the latter file, a fourth file (Structure.Multi-species.SNP.Input.FILE.stru) includes 16 diagnostic SNPs assayed across 8 taxonomic
units of the mallard complex
