1,721,001 research outputs found
Introduction to mucins in cancer
No full textIn summary, mucin glycoproteins are secreted or cell surface molecules that are highly expressed in healthy mucosal tissues, and involved in protection of the host from microbes and in repair of tissues following infection and injury. Many of these mucins are present and often overexpressed in cancers arising from mucosal epithelia and contribute to the development and progression of cancer. Clinically mucins are used routinely to help diagnose cancer and many strategies targeting mucins, particularly by immunotherapy, are undergoing preclinical development and clinical trial
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Abstract A63: Macrophages expressing fibroblast activation protein-alpha are a tumor-educated polarization phenotype which facilitates metastasis
No full textAbstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant stromal cell types in cancer, and promote tumor progression by supporting angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and tumor cell migration. However, there is increasing evidence to suggest that the functions of these cells could be refined to specific subsets. A subset of TAMs identified by the cell surface marker fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP) has previously been demonstrated to facilitate immune suppression in an ectopic Lewis lung carcinoma model through its expression of the heme degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (Arnold et al, 2014). Little is known about the origin of these cells, and whether they represent an autonomous population or a polarization phenotype. Here we show in orthotopic mammary 4T1 adenocarcinomas that FAP+ TAMs are a tumor-educated polarization phenotype which is functionally distinct from IL-4/-13 polarized alternatively activated macrophages. In contrast, IL-6 and integrin β1 signaling contribute to FAP+ TAM polarization. In addition to the previously described role of these cells in immune suppression we show that FAP+ TAMs facilitate pulmonary metastasis. FAP+ TAMs are the primary tumoral source of HO-1 and pharmacological inhibition of HO activity reduces pulmonary metastasis in both orthotopic 4T1 adenocarcinomas and aggressive autochthonous murine mammary adenocarcinomas (MMTV-PyMT). Using an in vitro transwell assay, we demonstrate that HO-1 activity by macrophages enhances the transendothelial migration of tumor cells. In vivo HO inhibition does not affect seeding of tumor cells in the lung once these cells have entered the circulation, suggesting that FAP+ TAMs facilitate the intravasation event. Together, these results demonstrate FAP+ TAMs to be a tumor-educated polarization phenotype which facilitates tumor cell metastasis by its expression of HO-1.
Arnold, J.N., et al., Tumoral immune suppression by macrophages expressing fibroblast activation protein-α and heme oxygenase-1. Cancer Immunol Res, 2014. 2(2): p. 121-6
Citation Format: Tamara de Koning, Joy M. Burchell, Sandra S. Diebold, James N. Arnold. Macrophages expressing fibroblast activation protein-alpha are a tumor-educated polarization phenotype which facilitates metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A63.</jats:p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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