1,721,239 research outputs found
Poverty of the stimulus? A rational approach
Full text linkThe Poverty of the Stimulus (PoS) argument holds that children do not receive enough evidence to infer the exis-tence of core aspects of language, such as the dependence of linguistic rules on hierarchical phrase structure. We reevaluate one version of this argument with a Bayesian model of grammar induction, and show that a rational learner without any initial language-speci¯c biases could learn this dependency given typical child-directed input. This choice enables the learner to master aspects of syn-tax, such as the auxiliary fronting rule in interrogative formation, even without having heard directly relevant data (e.g., interrogatives containing an auxiliary in a relative clause in the subject NP).Amy Perfors, Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Terry Regie
Subjective randomness as statistical inference
No full textFiles for models and data for the paper "Subjective randomness as statistical inference" by Thomas L. Griffiths, Dylan Daniels, Joseph L. Austerweil and Joshua B. Tenenbaum
A tutorial introduction to Bayesian models of cognitive development
Full text linkWe present an introduction to Bayesian inference as it is used in probabilistic models of cognitive development. Our goal is to provide an intuitive and accessible guide to the what, the how, and the why of the Bayesian approach: what sorts of problems and data the framework is most relevant for, and how and why it may be useful for developmentalists. We emphasize a qualitative understanding of Bayesian inference, but also include information about additional resources for those interested in the cognitive science applications, mathematical foundations, or machine learning details in more depth. In addition, we discuss some important interpretation issues that often arise when evaluating Bayesian models in cognitive science.Amy Perfors, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Thomas L. Griffiths, Fei X
The learnability of abstract syntactic principles
No full textChildren acquiring language infer the correct form of syntactic constructions for which they appear to have little or no direct evidence, avoiding simple but incorrect generalizations that would be consistent with the data they receive. These generalizations must be guided by some inductive bias - some abstract knowledge - that leads them to prefer the correct hypotheses even in the absence of directly supporting evidence. What form do these inductive constraints take? It is often argued or assumed that they reflect innately specified knowledge of language. A classic example of such an argument moves from the phenomenon of auxiliary fronting in English interrogatives to the conclusion that children must innately know that syntactic rules are defined over hierarchical phrase structures rather than linear sequences of words (e.g., Chomsky, 1965, 1971, 1980; Crain & Nakayama, 1987). Here we use a Bayesian framework for grammar induction to address a version of this argument and show that, given typical child-directed speech and certain innate domain-general capacities, an ideal learner could recognize the hierarchical phrase structure of language without having this knowledge innately specified as part of the language faculty. We discuss the implications of this analysis for accounts of human language acquisition.Amy Perfors, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Terry Regie
Supplementary Information: Pragmatic Instruction Following and Goal Assistance via Cooperative Language-Guided Inverse Planning
No full textAppendix, datasets, results, and plots, provided as supplementary information to Tan Zhi-Xuan, Lance Ying, Vikash Mansinghka, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum.
2024. Pragmatic Instruction Following and Goal Assistance via Cooperative Language-Guided Inverse Planning. In Proc. of the 23rd International
Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2024)
Supplementary Information: Pragmatic Instruction Following and Goal Assistance via Cooperative Language-Guided Inverse Planning
No full textAppendix, datasets, results, and plots, provided as supplementary information to Tan Zhi-Xuan, Lance Ying, Vikash Mansinghka, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum.
2024. Pragmatic Instruction Following and Goal Assistance via Cooperative Language-Guided Inverse Planning. In Proc. of the 23rd International
Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2024)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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