83 research outputs found
Abstracting and extracting: causal coherence and the development of the life story
No full textThis study compared episodic memories of emerging adults (age 18-22) and early adolescents (age 13-15) for life story events and other memories, in an attempt to distinguish characteristics of the life story. Participants were also asked to describe the connection between the stories told. Stories were analyzed for three measures of causal coherence: 1) meaning making, 2) narrative complexity, and 3) the use of causal terms; and one measure of thematic coherence. Results show an impact of age in three measures (meaning making, narrative complexity, and thematic coherence) and of story type (life story vs. non-life story) in all measures. Effects of age show that young adults' narratives showed more evidence of self-related abstract thinking and the ability to see multiple dimensions. Effects of story type indicated that turning point narratives and event connections narratives contained more self-related lessons and insights, displayed greater recognition of complexity, and employed more causal terms. Descriptions of peak experiences and low points did not differ significantly from other episodic memories on these measures of coherence. As well, connections between narratives were more abstract and self-related in the older group and in the life story condition. Findings show that two important narrative characteristics, narrative complexity and reference to self-related lessons and insights develop in adolescence, and are more prevalent in turning point narratives.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-28)by Azriel Grysma
First Amendment Implications for E-mail Threats: Are There Any Free Speech Protections?, 23 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 845 (2005)
No full textIn this article, Azriel explores how the First Amendment protects or does not provide protections to threatening e-mail communications. The article begins by examining seminal U.S. Supreme Court cases that dealt with threatening speech. The factors that provide the First Amendment protections are described, as well as the particular facts of each case and the Court’s findings. Azriel then looks at the Federal Threat Law and the factors that are enunciated in that legislation with regard to the protections afforded threatening communications, in addition to federal court cases that have interpreted the statute. The article then looks at several cases that specifically addressed potentially threatening email and Internet-based communications. Each of the factual backgrounds of these cases is described and the Court’s reasoning in deciding these cases in also provided. Finally, the reasoning of the various cases and statute is applied to a previously decided case, which shows that e-mail threats, in general are not protected, and those cases which are decided that provide for First Amendment protection of e-mail threats, are anomalous
Meyer Azriel Rabinovitz collection, 1906-1929, 1981.
No full textContains photocopies of four Hebrew letters endorsing Rabbi Rabinovitz, three of which were written by Rabbis Jacob Widrewitz, Ph. Klein and Joshua Siegel in New York in 1907. One is specifically addressed to Cong. Tzemach Tzedek and Agudas Achim of Chelsea, Mass. Also includes the photocopy of a Hebrew contract signed by ca. 50 members of the congregation in 1907, photocopies of two requests for funds from Poland, a photograph of Rabinovitz, an announcement of his son's wedding in 1925, and a special Resolution issued by the Board of Aldermen of Chelsea at his death. Also includes photograph of Rabinovitz & correspondence with Hannah Schiffres re: donation of materials (1981).Copies of original material donated by Hannah Schiffres inFinding Aid available in Reading Room and on Internet.far031
Maintaining a positive sense of self: distancing effects in autobiographical memory for negative events
No full textNumerous lines of research have identified that individuals are motivated to remember past events in a way that supports a positive sense of self. Memories of negative events challenge a person’s positive sense of self by suggesting that stable, positive traits that a person considers a part of his or her sense of self may not accurately describe that person. Five possible contributors to the degree to which people find an autobiographical memory challenging to the positive sense of self were identified: when the event occurred, the perspective with which the event is remembered, the person’s age, the person’s gender, and how meaningful the memory was. Participants were asked to identify a positive trait that describes them, and then to write a narrative of an event in which they did not act according to the selected trait. Each participant reported one event, either from the past year or from more than two years ago, and either from the first- or third-person perspective. After reporting the memory, participants completed a brief questionnaire, and responded to three ethical dilemmas (two hypothetical, one actual) that were used to measure participants’ tendency to engage in self-enhancement behavior after reporting the memories. Results found significant differences between emerging adults (age 18-29) and older adults (age 30 and above), and between men and women in the older adult group on numerous measures. Additionally, reported meaning and narrative indicators, such as emotion word use and reported harm to others, predicted performance on self-enhancement measures in both age groups. Time and perspective effects were more equivocal, but these two variables influenced responses, especially through interactions with participant variables (time and gender). Results suggest that threats to a positive sense of self can be alleviated by self-enhancement behavior in unrelated domains. Furthermore, results encourage the practice of analyzing memory narrative content to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of recalling significant events. Finally, results support the practice of considering adult development, both regarding changes in the sense of self and regarding influences of gender at different ages as a variable that shapes the content of autobiographical memories.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Azriel Grysma
The First Amendment’s Impact on Bloggers: A Legal Perspective
No full textThis chapter examines the First Amendment’s challenges to bloggers in the United States and highlights the potential legal consequences for victimizing someone online. While the First Amendment protects an overall right to free speech, there are certain boundaries to this right. Federal Internet-related speech laws, libel, invasion of privacy, copyright, trademark, and others are analyzed within the context of blogging. The author discusses the potential legal consequences to blogging at work or after hours and how personal blogs can negatively impact the work environment. Several Supreme Court cases are discussed to assist bloggers in understanding the scope of contemporary Internet free speech laws. An analysis of U.S. federal laws restricting online speech and an overview of the following areas of speech law are provided: libel, invasion of privacy, protection for confidential sources, copyright, trademark, true threats, and obscenity
Restrictions Against Press and Paparazzi in California: Analysis of Sections 1708.8 and 1708.7 of the California Civil Code
No full textIn 2014 the California legislature passed into law updates to two parts of the state’s civil code aimed at protecting the privacy rights of all residents, notably celebrities. Two sections of the state’s civil code were amended to place limits on how the paparazzi can intrude on celebrities’ lives. Section 1708.8 provides protection for anyone’s privacy. Section 1708.7 limits harassment activities of anyone—including paparazzi—who stalks victims. This article analyzes both laws from a First Amendment perspective. It argues that several of the laws’ restrictions on the press regarding invasion of privacy and harassment are constitutional. Yet, the specific provisions aimed at the publication rights of the media are content-based restrictions and presumptively unconstitutional. The article also argues that the state legislature and courts need to clarify 1708.7’s anti-harassment provisions for clarity
The California Supreme Court\u27s Decision in Barrett v. Rosenthal: How the Court\u27s Decision Could Further Hamper Efforts to Restrict Defamation on the Internet
No full textIn November 2006, the California Supreme Court ruled in Barrett v. Rosenthal that Internet users are immune from liability when they post or forward online information that is defamatory. The court cited section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency (CDA) Act as precedent for its decision. The law grants immunity to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other users for any offensive material posted on their online interactive computer services. This article analyzes the Barrett ruling and argues that it leaves three questions unanswered: (1) How does the CDA apply to conspiracies between two users of the Internet where one is an unknown publisher and the other poses as a distributor of offensive material?; (2) By federal law, is an individual third party user of defamatory material virtually the same as an ISP and, therefore, not held responsible for the defamatory information?; and (3) Does the Barrett decision make online defamation more likely? In answering these questions, this article reviews three federal court decisions involving the CDA and online defamation. This article argues that while Congress\u27s intent in the CDA pertained to granting immunity to ISPs for offensive content, the CDA also leaves the door open for individuals to knowingly post or forward defamatory information on the Internet
Recognition by functional parts
No full textWe present an approach to function-based object recognition that reasons about the functionality of an object's intuitive parts. We extend the popular ``recognition by parts'' shape recognition framework to support ``recognition by functional parts'', by combining a set of functional primitives and their relations with a set of abstract volumetric shape primitives and their relations. Previous approaches have relied on more global object features, often ignoring the problem of object segmentation and thereby restricting themselves to range images of unoccluded scenes. We show how these shape primitives and relations can be easily recovered from superquadric ellipsoids which, in turn, can be recovered from either range or intensity images of occluded scenes. Furthermore, the proposed framework supports both unexpected (bottom-up) object recognition and expected (top-down) object recognition. We demonstrate the approach on a simple domain by recognizing a restricted class of hand-tools from 2-D images.Technical report lcsr-tr-24
Abstract Two motion-blurred images are better than one
No full textMotion blur is a smearing of the image due to a long aperture time. We show that when two motion-blurred images are available, having different blur directions, image restoration can be improved substantially. In particular, the direction of the motion blur and the PSF (Point Spread Function) of the blur can be computed robustly. Ó 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. Keywords: Motion-blur;Blind deconvolution;Image deblurring;Multi-image restoration In memorium This paper is dedicated to Prof. Azriel Rosenfeld, my Ph.D. advisor, to whom I owe my academic career, for better or worse. In spite of the time that has passed since my graduation, I often ask myself how Azriel would do the tasks I am facing. In particular, in my most important duty as an advisor to my students, I try to be as helpful and dedicated to them as Azriel was to me. Co-chairing the 12th ICPR in 1994 was no different, and I tried to do the job as efficiently as Azriel would have done it. And since Azriel liked to write his papers * Corresponding author
The California Supreme Court\u27s Decision in Barrett v. Rosenthal: How the Court\u27s Decision Could Further Hamper Efforts to Restrict Defamation on the Internet
No full textIn November 2006, the California Supreme Court ruled in Barrett v. Rosenthal that Internet users are immune from liability when they post or forward online information that is defamatory. The court cited section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency (CDA) Act as precedent for its decision. The law grants immunity to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other users for any offensive material posted on their online interactive computer services. This article analyzes the Barrett ruling and argues that it leaves three questions unanswered: (1) How does the CDA apply to conspiracies between two users of the Internet where one is an unknown publisher and the other poses as a distributor of offensive material?; (2) By federal law, is an individual third party user of defamatory material virtually the same as an ISP and, therefore, not held responsible for the defamatory information?; and (3) Does the Barrett decision make online defamation more likely? In answering these questions, this article reviews three federal court decisions involving the CDA and online defamation. This article argues that while Congress\u27s intent in the CDA pertained to granting immunity to ISPs for offensive content, the CDA also leaves the door open for individuals to knowingly post or forward defamatory information on the Internet
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