233 research outputs found
Software-assisted cache mechanisms for embedded systems
Get PDFThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-135).Embedded systems are increasingly using on-chip caches as part of their on-chip memory system. This thesis presents cache mechanisms to improve cache performance and provide opportunities to improve data availability that can lead to more predictable cache performance. The first cache mechanism presented is an intelligent cache replacement policy that utilizes information about dead data and data that is very frequently used. This mechanism is analyzed theoretically to show that the number of misses using intelligent cache replacement is guaranteed to be no more than the number of misses using traditional LRU replacement. Hardware and software-assisted mechanisms to implement intelligent cache replacement are presented and evaluated. The second cache mechanism presented is that of cache partitioning which exploits disjoint access sequences that do not overlap in the memory space. A theoretical result is proven that shows that modifying an access sequence into a concatenation of disjoint access sequences is guaranteed to improve the cache hit rate. Partitioning mechanisms inspired by the concept of disjoint sequences are designed and evaluated. A profit-based analysis, annotation, and simulation framework has been implemented to evaluate the cache mechanisms. This framework takes a compiled benchmark program and a set of program inputs and evaluates various cache mechanisms to provide a range of possible performance improvement scenarios. The proposed cache mechanisms have been evaluated using this framework by measuring cache miss rates and Instructions Per Clock (IPC) information. The results show that the proposed cache mechanisms show promise in improving cache performance and predictability with a modest increase in silicon area.by Prabhat Jain.Ph.D
Political Economy of Electricity Subsidy: Evidence from Punjab
Get PDFThe electricity subsidy distribution pattern needs to be scrutinised to assess whether the policy benefits small producers, a normative argument often made while granting any input subsidy. In Punjab, this policy is found to ignore equity considerations while granting non-discriminatory electricity subsidies to the agricultural sector. This study highlights the existence of disparities in the flow of electricity subsidy between the advanced and backward regions. While the medium and large farmers reap the major benefits of the subsidy, the poor small farmers, especially in the backward areas, remain excluded due to their non-possession of electricity connections. In a nutshell, this paper questions the justification for introducing such a policy and puts forward the case for user charges based on open access to electricity.Political economy; Electricity Subsidy; Agriculture
Optimizing Power and Buffer Congestion on Wireless Sensor Nodes Using CAP (Coordinated Adaptive Power) Management Technique
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Right To Information Act and NREGA: Reflections on Rajasthan
Get PDFThis article explores the role of Right to Information Act in effective Implementation of NREGA through checking corruption. For substantiating the core argument, the paper examines the success story of NREGA in Rajasthan.Section one of the article explains RTI, its significance in giving transparency and accountability in NREGA , the procedures to be followed in using RTI, need for mass participation and role of civil society. Section two discusses the pioneering role of Aruna Roy and MKSS in Rajasthan for making RTI and NREGA a reality. Compare to other states, NREGA experiment was successful in Rajasthan mainly because of the mass awareness campaigns, muster roll verification, periodic social audit, active role of PRIs etc. The paper also highlight the achievements of NREGA in Rajasthan like checking migration to urban areas, Natural Resource Management include water conservation and harvesting structure, drought proofing, micro irrigation works, provision of irrigation facilities to land owned by SC/ST, rural connectivity, renovation of water bodies, and pasture land developmentNREGA; India;Rajasthan;Right to Information
Effect of isotope substitution on the Fermi resonance and vibrational lifetime of unnatural amino acids modified with IR probe: A 2D-IR and pump-probe study of 4-azido-L-phenyl alanine
No full text© 2020 Author(s). The infrared (IR) probe often suffers from an unexpected complex absorption profile due to the Fermi resonance and short vibrational lifetime, which restricts the application of time-resolved IR spectroscopy to investigate the site-specific structural dynamics of the protein. Researchers have found that isotope substitution to the IR probe not only removes the Fermi resonance but also extends the dynamic observation window with a prolonged vibrational lifetime. This method has been successfully applied to modify the vibrational properties of many IR probes for time-resolved spectroscopy and imaging. In this study, the effect of isotope substitution (15N) on the vibrational properties of the azide stretching band in 4-azido-L-phenylalanine has been investigated using ultrafast pump-probe and 2D-IR spectroscopy. In contrast to the earlier reports, it has been observed that the Fermi resonance remains unchanged even after isotope substitution, and there is very little change in the vibrational relaxation dynamics as well. Anharmonic frequency analysis reveals that the α-N atom of N3 is being shared between the two transitions participating in the Fermi resonance and gets affected similarly due to isotope labeling. Hence, this study unveils the specific circumstance at which the isotope labeling strategy may not be successful in eliminating the Fermi resonance band and explains the molecular origin behind it. This study also suggests definitive approaches on how to overcome the limitations related to the Fermi resonance to extend the development and application of this IR probe for biological research11Nsciescopu
Hype, skill and class : a comparative analysis of the politics of reforms in Andhra Pradesh, India
Get PDFpolitics; economic reform; India;
Growth versus redistribution
No full textThe argument that redistribution should be put on hold until a “specified” level of growth has been achieved has long been a topic of debate among economists. The author asserts that the argument makes little sense
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