1,721,006 research outputs found
Semi-supervised question retrieval with gated convolutions
No full textQuestion answering forums are rapidly growing in size with no effective automated ability to refer to and reuse answers already available for previous posted questions. In this paper, we develop a methodology for finding semantically related questions. The task is difficult since 1) key pieces of information are often buried in extraneous details in the question body and 2) available annotations on similar questions are scarce and fragmented. We design a recurrent and convolutional model (gated convolution) to effectively map questions to their semantic representations. The models are pre-trained within an encoder-decoder framework (from body to
title) on the basis of the entire raw corpus, and fine-tuned discriminatively from limited
annotations. Our evaluation demonstrates that our model yields substantial gains over a standard IR baseline and various neural network architectures (including CNNs, LSTMs and GRUs)
Balanced-force numerical method for two phase flow at the onset of instability
No full textThe Interface Capturing method, which is a finite volume method as formulated by Queutey and Vissoneau for free surface immiscible, incompressible multiphase flows employs a collocated arrangement of unknownsand achieves a discrete force balance for the case when the interface coincides with the faces of the control volumes in the computational domain. This constraint limits the applicability of the method. Furthermore,the authors do not provide the exact formulation of the operators involved in the pressure velocity coupling. In the present research, a balanced-force numerical method is formulated, applicable for an interface thatneither has to coincide nor be aligned with the faces of the control volumes. The approach consists of the reconstruction of the values of the flow variables at the interface based on the interface jump conditions, with which the limit values of the normal derivatives at the interface are calculated. Furthermore, the construction of the operators of the discrete system is delineated to achieve a discrete force balance, by incorporating the reconstructed flow variables and employing a discretization which complies with the interface jump conditions. It is sufficient for a stationary discrete formulation to comply with the differential equation and the interface jump conditions. However, to apply this approach to solve unsteady flow problems the influence of the reformulated operators on the stability properties of the system should also be investigated.The properties of the individual operators are analyzed as well as their behaviour when they are embedded in the complete solver algorithm. Results are shown for both steady and unsteady test cases and compared with numerical results obtained with OpenFOAM. The resulting framework avoids the occurrence ofspurious velocities as it discretely complies with the interface conditions.<br/
Epistemic Justice: An Exploration Into How Religion, Moral Grandstanding, and Institutions of Learning Effect an Individual's Formation of Beliefs
No full textMy thesis is an exploration into the ways religious organizations and systems of education commit epistemic injustices upon their followers by unjustly limiting their exposure to and honest consideration of multiple arguments and beliefs. It also explores how societal pressures may negatively impact a person's belief formation
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War and the Moral Equality of Combatants: An Adjusted Conception
No full textAccording to a traditional account of Just War Theory, combatants are moral equals regardless of whether they are engaged in a just or unjust war. This means, roughly, that combatants on either side of the war have the same permissions to harm combatants on the other side. Traditionally, however, the scope of this principle has not been well defined. Precisely who counts as a combatant has been left in the air. Getting clear on the scope of the equally of combatants is immensely important though, if we are to act morally in war. If we only use history as a guide, the scope issue is less concerning when both sides of a conflict line up in neat rows of contradicting brightly colored uniforms, complete with flying national ensigns and bandsmen playing national songs, it would be hard to confuse either side as noncombatants. In the modern era however, this line between combatant and noncombatant cannot be drawn using easily distinguished uniforms or placement in the battle space. In fact, many modern fighters do not wear any distinguishing marking and are not claimed a nation or independent state as members of an organized armed forces. So, the question looms for the application of Just War Theory in this age of non-conventional warfare: who are the combatants that are supposed to be moral equals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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