815 research outputs found
Petition of John Simons
No full textPetition subject: Property Original: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:26855923 Date of creation: 1743-09-08 Petition location: Middleborough Selected signatures:John SimonsBenjamin Wonnoh Actions taken on dates: 1743-09-09,1743-09-10,1743-09-15 Legislative action: Received and read and granted in the Council on September 9, 1743 and sent for concurrence and received and read and concurred with amendments in the House on September 10, 1743 and sent for concurrence and received and read and concurred in the Council on September 15, 1743 Total signatures: 2 Legislative action summary: Received, read, granted, sent, received, read, concurred, sent, received, read, concurred Males of color signatures: 2 Female only signatures: No Identifications of signatories: Indians at Titecut in the township of Middleborough in the county of Plimouth, [males of color] Prayer format was printed vs. manuscript: Manuscript Native American tribe: Mashpee Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library. Additional archivist notes: Titicut, to sell lands to Ebenezer Shaw, sale, legal fees, incurred by land dispute with Captain Nehemiah Washburn, house, buildings, Boston, Middleborough, Plymouth, Indian guardians, debts, Josiah Willard, William Shirley, Joseph Livermore, John Jones, Thomas Cushing, John Cushing, John Simon, Benjamin Wonno, includes affidavits, certifications of Indian inhabitants signed by Thomas Felix, James Homeny, Job Ahaton Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: Massachusetts Archives volume 31, pages 463-464 </p
The conjoint quest for a liberal positive program: "Old Chicago", Freiburg and Hayek
No full textJames M. Buchanan's latest contribution to the post-crisis debate in political economy underpins the necessity to reexamine the legacy of the Old Chicago School of thought, being urged by Buchanan's recently stressed plea at the 2009 Regional Meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society and at the Summer Institute for the Preservation of the History of Economic Thought in 2010. The focus of the current paper is to follow his plea by exploring the central topoi of the 1930's debate of the Chicago School as seen from the work of Henry Simons and discuss its impact on the academic arena on both sides of the Atlantic thereafter. With respect to this impact, we highlight Friedrich A. von Hayek as the focal scholar who possibly transmits these topoi that later influenced the rise of Freiburgean ordoliberalism in Germany from the mid-1930's onwards as youngest archival findings suggest. By revisiting the MPS 1947 first meeting's minutes and papers, we stress the proximity in mind of Old Chicago, Hayek and the Freiburg School ordo-liberals by contributing an explanation for the surprisingly homogenous direction of these yet unconnected schools of thought. n a next, enhanced version of this project, we will subsequently re-discuss the intellectual origins of Constitutional Political Economy's research program. Following Viktor Vanberg, we argue that CPE can be interpreted as a modernized perspective on economics that carries forward three strands of transatlantic liberal programs, being precisely Old Chicago, Freiburg and Hayek. --
1952 Steeplechase Ball
No full text1952 Steeplechase Ball; group of debutantes’ mothers, from left, MMES. W. O. Shultz, T. B. Saunders III, standing; R. V. Simons, John Seay Sandifer, Joseph F. McVeigh, and Wirt M. Norris.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_startelegram1950s/1020/thumbnail.jp
Theology and natural philosophy in late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Britain
No full textA number of historians of science have claimed that the early Boyle Sermons provided a platform for the promotion of a moderate-Anglican social and political ideology underpinned by Newtonian natural philosophy. However, by examining in detail the texts of Richard Bentley, John Harris and Samuel Clarke, this thesis argues that their Sermons should not be characterised as 'Newtonian'. These texts were highly complex literary productions constructed with the intention of achieving victory over the enemies of Christianity. An examination of their rhetorical strategies
focuses attention on the use to which various cognitive materials - including natural philosophy - were put. Thus the presence of Newtonian concepts in the texts is
explained by the aims and overall scholarly programmes of the Lecturers. It will also be argued that the term 'Boyle Lectureship' is problematic and that the main elements of the Lectureship - Robert Boyle's bequest, the Trustees, the
Lecturers, and the Sermons - cannot be conflated into a single historical unit. Therefore, throughout this study, emphasis is placed on the contingent and singular
behaviour of individuals located within an ecclesiastical and scholarly community, where career promotion and the notion of scholarly credit were important. The brief
in Boyle's last will and testament stipulated that the Lecturers must defend Christianity using the scholarly tools to hand. In this thesis it will be shown that the
personnel of the Lectureship conformed to Boyle's brief and that they utilised all available methods and materials in the pursuance of their legal and institutional
responsibilities. This approach removes the analysis of the Lectureship from an overarching sociological perspective; instead the Sermons are interpreted as exemplary texts in the rhetorical prosecution of the enemies of Christianity. This study, therefore, acknowledges the complex nature of theological texts in early modern England
The Kumzari language community: Evaluating language vitality and endangerment
No full textIn “Language Shift and Language Revitalization,” Hornberger (2010) surveys research projects on language maintenance in various regions of the world since the mid-1990s while also analyzing conceptual and methodological issues. Language minority communities in the Arab World, however, have largely been ignored. This paper considers research about the Kumzari language community (Author 2013) while examining factors associated with language vitality and endangerment that can be applied to other small language groups.
The Kumzari language, with approximately 3,000 speakers in the Musandam Governorate of Oman, is an Iranian language with influence from Arabic, Hindi, Portuguese, and English. Contact with traders and sailors along the Strait of Hormuz was largely responsible for the emergence of the Kumzari language; however, increased contact with other languages and cultures now threaten this community.
Various classifications for assessing language minority communities will be examined. The 2003 UNESCO document entitled “Language Vitality and Endangerment” considers nine factors. Other researchers have also suggested systematic approaches to describing language minority communities (see Fishman 1991 & 2001, Edwards 1992, Grenoble & Whaley 1998, Romaine 2006, and Lewis and Simons 2010); however, designing and agreeing on a typology may be impossible due to the wide range of factors pertaining to small language groups.
At-risk languages must be described within a continuum, and no single factor can be used to evaluate the vitality of a language. Still, factors including intergenerational transmission, proportion of the speakers within the total population, and language domains appear to be the most important when assessing a language.
Language minority communities continue to face challenges in Arab countries where constitutions clearly state that Arabic is the official language. The stated goal of many countries experiencing the “Arab Spring” has been democracy and inclusiveness; however, individuals speaking minority languages risk passive, active, or even forced linguistic assimilation.
The presenter, while also citing earlier research on Berbers in Tunisia (Author 1999), will argue that additional research on language minority communities in the Arab World (such as with Kumzari speakers) is needed, and unfolding events will greatly influence these languages and their speakers.
References
Author. 1999. “The Gradual Death of the Berber Language in Tunisia.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 137: 151-165.
Author. 2013. The Status of Kumzari and its Speakers: A Local Language of the Musandam Peninsula of Oman.” Language Problems and Language Planning 37.1: 18-30.
Edwards, John. 1992. Sociopolitical aspects of language maintenance and loss: Towards a typology of minority language situations. Willem Fase, Koen Jaspaert, & Sjaak Kroon, eds. Maintenance and Loss of Minority Languages. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 37-54.
Fishman, Joshua A. 1991. Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Fishman, Joshua A. 2001. Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Grenoble, Lenore A. & Lindsay J. Whaley, eds. 1998. Endangered Languages: Current Issues and Future Prospects. Cambridge: Cambridge U. P.
Hornberger, Nancy H. 2010. Language shift and language revitalization. Robert B. Kaplan, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Applied Linguistics. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford U. P. 412-420.
Lewis, M. Paul & Gary F. Simons. 2010. Assessing endangerment: Expanding Fishman’s GIDS. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique 55/2:103-120.
Romaine, Suzanne. 2006. Planning for the survival of linguistic diversity. Language Policy 5:441-473
The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper
No full textInternational audienceThe Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4
Medical planning for military operations other then [i.e. than] war : Is a paradigm shift required?
No full textMilitary operations other than war are increasing in frequency and, as one might surmise present unique challenges to the operational commander and the medical planner. Over time and by necessity the U.S. military has developed a logistical support system with unprecedented capability. This logistical system includes a medical system that is increasingly called upon to provide care to people outside the normal scope. Increased participation means Navy assets will be tasked to provide care to U.S. troops, U.N. troops, multinational troops, NGO personnel, and the civilians that precipitated the need for intervention in the first place. The current planning paradigm is rightfully focused on combat support. This thesis will investigate the necessity of breaking away from that paradigm when planning MOOTW.US Navy (USN) authors.http://archive.org/details/medicalplanningf10945604
Assessment of reliability of multi-beam echo-sounder bathymetric uncertainty prediction models
No full textNowadays Multi-Beam Echo-Sounder (MBES) systems are used for obtaining information of the sea/river bed bathymetry and sediment composition. For the latter, use is usually made of the backscatter strength and depth derivatives, such as depth residuals. However, the depth derivatives are affected by the uncertainties inherent to the MBES varying with the sensors used, survey configuration and operational environment. Although models are available for the vertical uncertainty prediction, the question is how well these models can capture the estimated uncertainties of real observations. The present contribution addresses this issue by comparing the measured with modelled depth uncertainty accounting for the most recent insights of the error contributors. Data was acquired in water depths of around 2m, 10m and 30m with pulse lengths of 27 μs, 54 μs and 134 μs in the Oosterschelde estuary, the Netherlands, enabling the assessment of depth and pulse length dependence of the uncertainties. In general, the predicted and measured uncertainties are in the same order of magnitude. With increasing depth the discrepancy between the modelled and measured uncertainties increases. The effect of changing pulse length is found to be captured by the model, except for the angles close to nadir. The most dominant contributors to the vertical uncertainty are those induced by the angle of impact and range measurements. These contributors thus require further investigation to obtain a more realistic estimate of the vertical uncertainties.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Aircraft Noise and Climate Effect
Chern-Simons theory of magnetization plateaus on the kagome lattice
No full textFrustrated spin systems on Kagome lattices have long been considered to be a promising candidate for realizing exotic spin liquid phases. Recently, there has been a lot of renewed interest in these systems with the discovery of experimental materials such as Volborthite and Herbertsmithite that have Kagome like structures. In this thesis I will focus on studying frustrated spin systems on the Kagome lattice using a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ Heisenberg model in the presence of an external magnetic field as well as other perturbations. Such a system is expected to give rise to magnetization platueaus which can exhibit topological characteristics in certain regimes.
We will first develop a flux-attachment transformation that maps the Heisenberg spins (hard-core bosons) onto a problem of fermions coupled to a Chern-Simons gauge field. This mapping relies on being able to define a consistent Chern-Simons term on the lattice. Using this newly developed mapping we analyse the phases/magnetization plateaus that arise at the mean-field level and also consider the effects of adding fluctuations to various mean-fi eld states. Along the way, we show how to discretize an abelian Chern-Simons gauge theory on generic 2D planar lattices that satisfy certain conditions. We find that as long as there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the vertices and plaquettes defined on the graph, one can write down a discretized lattice version of the abelian Chern-Simons gauge theory.
Using the newly developed flux attachment transformation, we show the existence of chiral spin liquid
states for various magnetization plateaus for certain range of parameters in the XXZ Heisenberg model in the presence of an external magnetic field. Speci cally, in the regime of XY anisotropy the ground states at the 1/3 and 2/3 plateau are equivalent to a bosonic fractional quantum Hall Laughlin state with filling fraction 1/2 and that the 5/9 plateau is equivalent to the first bosonic Jain daughter state at filling fraction 2/3.
Next, we also consider the effects of several perturbations: a) a chirality term, b) a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya term, and c) a ring-exchange type term on the bowties of the kagome lattice, and inquire if they can also support chiral spin liquids as ground states. We find that the chirality term leads to a chiral spin liquid even in the absence of an uniform magnetic field, with an effective spin Hall conductance of 1/2 in the regime of XY anisotropy. The Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya term also leads a similar chiral spin liquid but only when this term is not too strong. An external magnetic field when combined with some of the above perturbations also has the possibility of giving rise to additional plateaus which also behave like chiral spin liquids in the XY regime. Under the in influence of a ring-exchange term we find that provided its coupling constant is large enough, it may trigger a phase transition into a chiral spin liquid by the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal invariance.
Finally, we also present some numerical results based on some exact diagonalization studies. Here, we specifically focus on the 2/3-magnetization plateau which we previously argued should be a chiral spin liquid with a spin hall conductance of 1/2 . Such a topological state has a non-trivial ground state degeneracy and it excitations are described by semionic quasiparticles. In the numerical analysis, we analyse the ground state degeneracy structure on various Kagome clusters of different sizes. We compute modular matrices from the resultant minimally entangled states as well as the Chern numbers of various eigenstates all of which provide strong evidence that the 2/3-magnetization plateau very closely resembles a chiral spin liquid state with the expected characteristics.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-12-01The student, Ponnuraj Krishnakumar, accepted the attached license on 2016-11-23 at 22:00.The student, Ponnuraj Krishnakumar, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-11-23 at 22:29.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-11-29 at 10:54.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10318 on 2017-02-28 at 14:36:45Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T16:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper
No full textInternational audienceThe Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4
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