301,442 research outputs found
[Letter from Abe I. Weiner to Barbara Jordan - December 28, 1977]
No full textLetter from Abe I. Weiner to Barbara Jordan discussing Jordan's decision to leave congress and how Weiner's family is doing
Identification and Distribution of Wild Toxic Inocybe spp., and Edible Tricholoma Mushrooms in Jordan
No full textأجري مسح وجمع عينات من الفطر البري في الأردن لمدة عامين متتاليين. وقد شملت الدراسة الغابات والمراعي وكذلك المروج والحدائق. وقد تم تصنيف جميع عينات الفطر وفقًا للخصائص المورفولوجية للغطاء والساق والخياشيم وارتباط الغطاء بالساق وأبعاد الأبواغ. وقد تم العثور على تسعة أنواع من الفطر السام من نوع Inocybe وهي I. atripes و I. cincinnata و I. cookie و I. corydaline و I. floccolosa و I. geophylla و I. hirtella و I. lacera و I. rimosoides في شمال ووسط الأردن وكانت جميعها سامة. بينما تم العثور على سبعة أنواع من فطريات الترايكولوما وهي: تريكولوما مياوميسيس، تريكولوما بورتينتوسوم، تريكولوما سيجونكتوم، تريكولوما تيريوم، تريكولوما باردينوم، تريكولوما فينينوم، تريكولوما فيرجاتوم في مواقع مختلفة في الأردن، كان أحدها سامًا وهو تريكولوما باردينوم والآخر تريكولوما مياوميسيس غير صالح للأكل. تم الإبلاغ عن سبعة أنواع من فطريات الإينوسيب واثنين من فطريات الترايكولوما لأول مرة كسجلات جديدة في الأردن. كان أهم فطر تم العثور عليه في كل مكان في الأردن هو فطر الترايكولوما تيريوم. تلعب هذه الفطريات البرية المغذية دورًا مهمًا في النظام البيئي والأمن الغذائي. توضح هذه الدراسة التنوع البيولوجي الواسع للفطريات البرية في الأردن.A survey and collection of wild mushroom samples from Jordan was done for two consecutive years. Woodlands, grasslands as well as lawns and gardens were included in the study. All mushroom samples were classified according to morphological characteristics of the cap, stipe, gills, attachment of the cap to the stipe, and spore dimensions. Nine Inocybe species as I. atripes. I. cincinnata, I. cookie, I. corydaline, I. flocculosa, I. geophylla, I. hirtella, I. lacera, and I. rimosoides were found in north and middle Jordan and all of them were poisonous. While seven Tricholoma species T. myomyces, T. portentosum, T. sejunctum, T. terreum, T. pardinum, T. venenatum, and T. virgatum were found in different locations in Jordan one of them was poisonous which was Tricholoma pardinum and the other one Tricholoma myomyces was not edible. Seven Inocybe spp. and two Tricholoma spp. were reported for the first time as new records from Jordan. The most important mushroom that was found everywhere in Jordan was Tricholoma terreum. These wild nutritious mushrooms play an important role in the ecosystem and food security. This study shows the wide biodiversity of wild mushrooms in Jordan
Breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge among sixth year medical students in Jordan
No full textBackground: Previous reports have demonstrated that counseling about breastfeeding can improve the rate and initiation duration of breastfeeding. However, those medical students are ill-prepared for this role. It is unclear whether medical students would provide the knowledge and skills necessary for effective breastfeeding promotion or not in Jordan. The aim of this study was to identify breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge among 6th year medical students in their final year at The Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST).Methods: A 28-item self-administered questionnaire; containing three sections: knowledge (13 items) attitude (7 items) and demographic (3 items), were distributed randomly to medical students. The random sample consisted of 234 medical students who were in their final year. The questionnaire assessed both breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge.Results: The results were explained taking into consideration gender and being a parent. Mean attitude's score for participants without children was 46.7 as compared to 44.0 for those with children. The results showed similar negative attitude toward breastfeeding among both male and female participants regardless of having children or not (p=0.35). This means that there were no significant difference in attitudes toward breastfeeding among male and female students whether they are having children or not. On the other hand, the mean knowledge score was 22.9 for male participants while it was 21.55 for female participants, indicating some degree of breastfeeding knowledge among participants (p=0.035). However, having personal experience with breastfeeding (self or partner) did not increased breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge (p=0.35 vs. p=0.93, respectively).Conclusions: Medical students have significant educational needs in the area of breastfeeding management and breastfeeding education. Further targeted training is needed to improve both breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge
Islamist movements at crossroads: the choice between ideology and context-driven approach to politics. Case study on the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
No full textThe aim of the paper is to analyse the ongoing transformation process within the Islamist movements using the example of the moderate Islamic Action Front party in Jordan. The dilemma of participation in the 2010 general elections raised tensions between the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan and its political wing, the Islamic Action Front, and between doves and hawks of the same organizations. Internal debate on the future has started recently among different groups within the Islamist movement in Jordan. The research is based on the author‘s recent field experience in Jordan (April–July 2010, Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship at the American Centre of Oriental Research, Amman, Jordan). The author also conducted research in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt, where several interviews were carried out with leading and lower level Islamist politicians. The dynamic changes within Islamic Action Front Party in Jordan and its relation with the regime has been used as reference point. The main question of the research was aa how the changing political and regional context shapes decisions of the Islamist with special attention to the acceptance of democratic values and human rights, political participation, and the meanings of Islamic values in the 21st century, possible cooperation with secular parties/movements/the regime
[Letter from Abe I. Weiner to Barbara Jordan - December 2, 1977]
No full textLetter from Abe. I. Weiner to Barbara Jordan discussing why he agrees with Jordan's decision to not seek re-election to congress and urges her to return to Houston
Political participation in Jordan: the impact of party and tribal loyalties since 1989
No full textIn the light of the internal and regional crises in the 1980s, Jordan found itself under pressure, and various ideological and political factors pushed the country towards political reform. As a result, Jordan has undergone several transformations, and a certain degree of political liberalization has made political participation the main objective of the Jordanian political system and its various institutions. This development in turn has required participation of all segments of the society, including political parties, minorities, and women. This participation demonstrates how far the political system has been liberalized. Therefore, nobody can argue that there is no political participation in Jordan. However, important questions remain. What is the form of this participation? What is its scale? What factors influence political participation, and what are its main objectives? Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the issue of political participation in Jordan. In particular, it investigated the impact of party and tribal loyalties on political participation in Jordan since 1989. This is undertaken through examining the basic forms of political participation, particularly participation in parliamentary elections. Accordingly, this study is divided into two main parts. The first part aims to shed light on the historical development of Jordanian parliament, electoral laws and systems, and political parties' participation and in addition to examine these in context of the socio-economic, political, and cultural environment. The second part was carried out through a survey involving the distribution of 400 questionnaires to five groups of political elite in Jordan. It is concluded in this study that despite the fact that political parties in Jordan date back to the establishment of the state in 1921, the social relations of kinship and the tribe are still dominant and constitute the main motives for Jordanians to participate in parliamentary elections. Several factors explain this, but it is argued here that the most important is legislations, particularly the emergency laws which have heavily restricted political freedoms and activities
Narratives of ethnicity and nationalism : a case study of Circassians in Jordan
No full textThis research is an exploration of ethnic narratives of the Circassian
community in Jordan, in addition to the nationalist narratives promoted by the state
of Jordan, and their reconstruction by the research participants. This research aims to
understand how the research participants, as non-Arabs, understand and makes
sense of the Pan-Arab ethnonational narratives promoted by the state through the
‘Jordan First’ nationalist campaign and textbooks of national and civic education. It
also seeks to understand the ethnic narratives of the Circassian community. It
highlights the fact that ethnic narratives are often contextualised, and come to light
always in comparison to the other. It also shows how ethnic narratives are gendered,
can include or exclude women, and gender relations are ethnicised, or in other
words used as markers for group boundaries.
The main aim of this research is to unpack the research participants’
conceptualisations of Jordan and the Pan-Arabism, and to understand the strategies
they use to include themselves within these narratives. It intends to evaluate
whether research participants see themselves as integrated into the Jordanian society
or not. Whereas the community itself is often portrayed as integrated into the
society, because many of them are in high governmental positions, and the
ceremonial guards of the Royal Family are the Circassians, it is also important to
examine whether they believe that they are, and how. This thesis contributes to the
literature on ethnicity and nationalism based on a minority with unique profile, and
also contributes to the overall body of literature on state nationalism in the Middle
East. The research has been approached through the use of both qualitative and
quantitative data collection methods. It is based on the analysis of textbooks of
national and civic education, and the ‘Jordan First’ campaign, in addition to 13
interviews and 62 questionnaires
Jordan manifolds and dispersionless KdV equations
No full textMulticomponent KdV-systems are defined in terms of a set of structure constants and, as shown by Svinolupov, if these define a Jordan algebra the corresponding equations may be said to be integrable, at least in the sense of having higher-order symmetries, recursion operators and hierarchies of conservation laws. In this paper the dispersionless limits of these Jordan KdV equations are studied, under the assumptions that the Jordan algebra has a unity element and a compatible non-degenerate inner product. Much of this structure may be encoded in a so-called Jordan manifold, akin to a Frobenius manifold. In particular the Hamiltonian properties of these systems are investigated
The Compliance with Intellectual Property Laws and their Enforcement in Jordan- A post-WTO Review & Analysis
No full textThis thesis examines the implementation, enforcement and evolution of IP laws and regulations in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The period of interest includes the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty first century, with emphasis on the role played by Free Trade Agreements struck between Jordan and the United States, the European Union, and Jordan’s accession to the World Trade Organization.
This thesis also examines the enforcement of the current set of IP laws in Jordan, and looks at their social and economic compatibility with the Jordanian societal norms and economic realities.
This thesis argues that Jordanian IP laws lack a meaningful social and economic texture, and have failed to be evenly enforced in Jordan, essentially because they do not fit the Jordanian culture and are not compatible with Jordan’s economic stage of development. Additionally, the thesis argues that IP laws have had insignificant economic impact on the Jordanian economy as the majority of technologies used in Jordan, and the majority of foreign direct investments attracted to Jordan, are not IP related. Finally, the thesis argues that the current Jordanian enforcement model, which is built on coercion by donor countries, is serving the interests of foreign companies to the exclusion of the local citizens, and will not, in the long run, produce an enforcement model based on self-regulation by Jordanians, themselves. The laws, therefore, are unable to produce tangible results for the Jordanian people, or help meet their economic interests.
The last part of the thesis deals with recommendations and suggestions aimed at creating an integrated approach to the adoption of IP policies
A review of trade liberalisation and trade between Jordan and the United States
No full textPromoting trade is a key aspect of Jordan’s development policy. As a developing country, increasing exports and maintaining a healthy balance of trade with its trading partners are amongst the government’s most important goals. The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) signed with the United States in 2000 is a cornerstone of Jordan’s foreign economic policy and a key test case for its broader policy of trade liberalisation. Yet while there is some evidence for a positive relationship between trade liberalisation, and increased bilateral trade and economic growth, this approach to development is also criticised for opening up developing markets to competition from their more advanced counterparts. This investigation argues that FTAs do facilitate bilateral trade but that states with large and advanced economies benefit more than small developing states and markets. To explore this argument, this study examines overall levels of bilateral trade between Jordan and the United States before and after the JUSFTA came into effect. Linear trendline projections are used to offer a comparison between experienced levels of trade and projected potential levels of trade based on pre-JUSFTA era data
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