1,721,458 research outputs found
Alien Registration- Jordan, Andrew (Portland, Cumberland County)
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New policy dynamics in more uncertain times?
No full textThe dynamics of environmental policy making in the EU have always been in flux. After the heyday of relatively rapid policy development in the 1980s and 1990s, recent history has undoubtedly witnessed a sharp reduction in the number of new policy proposals and more criticism of existing rules and procedures. Are these new policy dynamics symptomatic of the growing maturity of the sector or an indication of declining political ambition? This chapter examines whether EU environmental policy is currently expanding, declining or staying broadly the same. It introduces different methods for measuring the direction and ambitiousness of policy change and applies them to specific examples of policy change. Finally, it discusses how and why two recent crises – the first economic (austerity) and the other political (Brexit) – have pushed environmental policy into more uncertain times which have challenged established dynamics in the sector. It concludes that while EU environmental policy has proven highly resilient to dismantling in the past, continuing political support for strong action in the future is not a given.<br/
New policy dynamics in more uncertain times?
No full textThe dynamics of environmental policy making in the EU have always been in flux. After the heyday of relatively rapid policy development in the 1980s and 1990s, recent history has undoubtedly witnessed a sharp reduction in the number of new policy proposals and more criticism of existing rules and procedures. Are these new policy dynamics symptomatic of the growing maturity of the sector or an indication of declining political ambition? This chapter examines whether EU environmental policy is currently expanding, declining or staying broadly the same. It introduces different methods for measuring the direction and ambitiousness of policy change and applies them to specific examples of policy change. Finally, it discusses how and why two recent crises – the first economic (austerity) and the other political (Brexit) – have pushed environmental policy into more uncertain times which have challenged established dynamics in the sector. It concludes that while EU environmental policy has proven highly resilient to dismantling in the past, continuing political support for strong action in the future is not a given.<br/
EU environmental policy: contexts, actors and policy dynamics
No full textAt its founding in 1957, the European Union (EU) had no environmental policy, no environmental administration and no environmental laws. Today, the EU has some of the most ambitious environmental policies in the world. The central aim of this book is to provide an introduction to the history and constituent institutions of EU environmental policy, to explain how it makes and implements different types of environmental policy and to introduce some of the most salient academic debates about its past, present and future role. This chapter introduces the rest of the book. It explains how Part 1 describes the emergence of policy over the past 50 years and Part 2 introduces the main actors. The manner in which these actors interact to shape specific items of EU policy is summarised in Part 3. Part 4 explores a number of problems that are likely to challenge the EU as it moves forward. Finally, Part 5 reflects on how the aims and processes of EU environmental policy have changed over the course of the past 50 years and looks forward to the next phase in its development.<br/
EU environmental policy at 50: retrospect and prospect
No full textOver the last 50 years, environmental protection has emerged as one of the front-ranking objectives of the EU. Today, the EU has some of the world’s most ambitious and comprehensive protection policies. This chapter begins by summarising the main characteristics of EU environmental policy. Second, it reflects on the challenges that the advocates of EU action overcame to build such a significant environmental role. It then analyses how and why the focus of policy making in recent decades has shifted away from securing the EU’s legal authority to act, to more managerial priorities such as ensuring that existing policy is fully implemented and insightfully updated. Finally, it looks forward and identifies what is likely to challenge policy makers in the coming decades as the EU attempts to implement its bold Green Deal policies in the aftermath of the COVID-19 global pandemic.<br/
Renewable energies: A continuing balancing act?
No full textThe promotion of renewable energy sources (RES) has been on the systemic agenda in some European countries since the 1950s. In the 1990s, it moved on to the institutional agenda in many more countries, attracted by the expected potential to mitigate climate change, improve energy security, and provide new opportunities for industrial development and job creation. But at EU level, the path towards greater policy coordination has been a long and winding one. Despite the wave of enthusiasm for a stronger EU role in energy policy noted in Chapter 3, only the responsibility for market liberalisation – and for some science, technology and innovation aspects – currently resides at the EU level. This has made the deployment of RES primarily a matter of national energy policy. So, although there are widely thought to be strong and ‘compelling reasons for setting up an enabling framework to promote renewables’ in the EU (COM (2006) 848: 3), disagreements over its specific design look set to persist, not least because it could limit the freedom to pursue energy policy goals, a right currently enjoyed by the Member States. The struggle to balance multiple objectives has frustrated the development of an EU-level RES policy since the 1970s. With hindsight, it is clear that policy has been driven by two main objectives, which in turn have flowed from rather different problem framings
EU environmental policy at 50: retrospect and prospect
Full text linkOver the last 50 years, environmental protection has emerged as one of the front-ranking objectives of the EU. Today, the EU has some of the world’s most ambitious and comprehensive protection policies. This chapter begins by summarising the main characteristics of EU environmental policy. Second, it reflects on the challenges that the advocates of EU action overcame to build such a significant environmental role. It then analyses how and why the focus of policy making in recent decades has shifted away from securing the EU’s legal authority to act, to more managerial priorities such as ensuring that existing policy is fully implemented and insightfully updated. Finally, it looks forward and identifies what is likely to challenge policy makers in the coming decades as the EU attempts to implement its bold Green Deal policies in the aftermath of the COVID-19 global pandemic.<br/
Policy integration
No full textThe EU has made a significant effort to integrate environmental objectives into the policy making activities of all policy sectors. As an approach to improving environmental problem solving, environmental policy integration (EPI) certainly has great political potential: if implemented, economically powerful sectors such as agriculture, energy and transport would automatically take steps to ‘design out’ environmental problems before they even arise. Advocates of EPI maintain that it could do even more, potentially contributing to a significant improvement in the quality of the environment. However, EPI has proven stubbornly challenging to implement in practice. A set of factors help us understand why this has generally been the case in the EU, including: the EU’s institutional and policy context; the (variable) degree of political commitment to EPI; the inability to recognise the functional interrelations among policies; and the relative strength of the narrative or discourse underpinning EPI. The 2019 European Green Deal may nevertheless represent a new political opportunity for the EU to finally realise EPI’s full potential
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