1,721,807 research outputs found
Lee, Joo-Han
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 ITS대학원 :교통공학과,2011. 22009년 12월 29일 도로교통법이 개정되면서 자전거의 좌회전 방법이 바뀌었다. 개정되기 전의 자전거 좌회전 방법은 일반적인 자동차의 그것과 같았지만 개정되면서 자전거는 지금까지 우리나라에서는 시행하지 않던 방법인 훅-턴(Hook-turn) 방식을 채택한 것이다.처음 시행하는 제도이기 때문에 사회적 약속 및 교통 관여자들의 인식이 전혀 없으며, 여타 훅-턴을 하기 위해 필요한 시설물 등에 대한 기준이 전무함에도 법이 일방적으로 개정되면서 다른 것들에 대한 고려가 없었다.
이에 따라 자전거 훅-턴을 특징을 살펴보고 그에 따라 필요한 것들에 대해 연구하고, 시설물을 설치 할 경우에는 그러한 시설물의 기준에 대해 제시하고자 했다.
자전거가 훅-턴을 하기 위해서는 반드시 한번은 교차로 상에서 대기하여야 함에도 불구하고 현행법상 교차로는 도로교통법 제32조에 의해 주정차 금지 구역으로 설정되어 있다. 이에 대해 도로교통법 제34조의 2(정차 또는 주차를 금지하는 장소의 특례)를 개정하여 자전거 훅-턴을 위한 대기 장소가 있을 경우에 제32조의 규정에도 불구하고 정차할 수 있도록 하여 대기할 수 있도록 법적 근거를 제안하였다.
그리고 대기 장소에 대한 표시나 종류, 만드는 방식 등에 대한 기본적인 규정도 정해져 있지 않다. 따라서 대기 장소를 나타내는 공간 표시에 대해 외국 사례와 비교하여 우리나라에 가장 적합하다고 생각되는 박스형태를 제안하였다. 대기 공간의 크기는 자전거 교통량을 조사한 후에 그 교통량을 근거로 만들어야 하므로, 자전거 교통량에 대한 조사가 충분하지 않아 대기 공간의 크기는 좀 더 연구해야 할 과제로 남겨두었으며, 또한 훅-턴을 위한 자전거 운전자용 안내 표지판을 호주의 사례를 차용하여 제시하였다.
교차로에 대기 공간을 설치한다면 실제 어느 위치가 가장 적합한지에 대해 삼거리 교차로와 사거리 교차로로 나누어 분석하였다. 그리고 사거리 교차로의 경우에는 편도 1차로 또는 편도 2차로 도로가 만나는 교차로와 편도3차로 이상의 도로가 만나는 교차로로 나누어 분석하였다.
분석 결과 삼거리 교차로는 그 모양이 T자 형태이든, Y자 형태이든 교차로 내의 대기 공간이 별도로 필요하지는 않았다. 삼거리 교차로는 교통류의 흐름이 단순하여 훅-턴을 실시한다 하더라도 교차로 내부에 대기 공간을 만들 필요성이 없었기 때문이다. 하지만 사거리 교차로의 경우에 편도3차로 이상의 도로가 만날 때 대기 공간을 설치한다면 교차로와 횡단보도 사이의 공간에 설치해야 하며, 그 공간이 충분하지 못하다면 자전거 훅-턴을 위한 대기 공간을 확보할 수 있도록 횡단보도를 좀 더 뒤쪽으로 후퇴시켜야 하는 것으로 나타났다.
또한 사거리 교차로라 하더라도 편도 1차로 또는 편도 2차로의 도로가 교차하는 사거리일 경우에는 훅-턴을 위한 별도의 공간을 만들기 어렵기 때문에 자전거의 교통량이 많다면 자전거 전용도로화 해야 하고, 자전거의 교통량이 적다면 횡단보도 옆에 자전거 횡단로를 설치하여 운영하도록 하는 것이 효율적으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 분석한 결과를 토대로 실제 조사된 자전거 교통량을 조사하여 교차로에 가상의 대기 공간을 만들어 보았다. 이에 따라 상충되는 법률의 개정을 제안하고, 훅-턴을 하기 위한 시설물의 기준 및 훅-턴을 위한 교차로 내의 대기 공간의 위치 선정에 대해 제안하였다.이번 연구는 자전거 좌회전 시 필요한 교통 시설물 설치에 대한 기준이 전혀 없는 상태에서 그 일반적인 기준을 제시하였다는 데 의의가 있다.제1장 서론 1
제1절 연구 배경 및 목적 1
제2절 연구 범위 및 방법 6
제2장 현황 및 문제제기 8
제1절 관련 법 규정 8
제2절 자전거 및 자전거 도로 14
1. 설계 기준 자전거 14
2. 자전거 도로의 정의 및 설계 기준 16
제3절 자전거의 좌회전 방법 21
1. 직접 좌회전 21
2. 간접 좌회전 : 훅-턴(Hook-turn) 23
제4절 현 제도에서의 문제점 26
제3장 이론적 고찰 27
제1절 교차로의 개념 및 특징 27
1. 교차로의 정의와 구분 27
2. 교차로의 특징 29
제2절 좌회전의 개념 및 특징 30
1. 좌회전의 개념 30
2. 좌회전의 특징 32
제4장 교차로에서의 자전거 훅-턴 34
제1절 입법론적 측면 35
제2절 삼거리 교차로에서의 시설적 측면 48
1. T자형 삼거리 48
2. Y자형 삼거리 52
3. 삼거리 교차로에서의 대기 공간 53
제3절 사거리 교차로에서의 시설적 측면 55
1. 편도 1차로 또는 2차로가 만나는 교차로 57
2. 편도 3차로 이상의 도로가 만나는 교차로 58
제4절 운영적 측면 65
제5절 소결 75
제5장 결론 및 향후 연구 과제 76
제1절 결론 76
제2절 향후 연구 과제 79MasterAs Road Traffic Law was amended on December 29th 2009, the way to take left-turn of the bike was changed.
Before the law was amended, the way of left-turn of the bike was the same as that of a typical car. However, after it’s amended, the way of Hook-turn which had not been enforced before in our country was chosen.
Since this system is enforced for the first time, the social commitment and recognition of personnel involved in the traffic were not existed at all. Even if the criteria for facilities necessary to take Hook-turn were not existed at all, there was no consideration for others when the Law was amended unilaterally.
Accordingly, this study is to examine the features of Hook-turn and what are necessary for that, and provide the criteria for the facilities upon the installation of facilities.
Although a bike should be waiting on the intersection in order to take a Hook-turn, the intersection is set as a restricted area for parking and stopping by the Road Traffic Act Article 32 according to the current law.
Thus this study is to propose the legal basis for a bike to stop only if a bike needs a waiting space for a Hook-turn by amending the Road Traffic Act Article 34, 2 (exceptional clause for prohibited areas for stopping or parking).
Moreover, basic provisions such as signs, kinds and the way to make a waiting space are not chosen. Therefore, signs for a waiting space being used in other countries were examined and box type which we thought was the most suitable to our country was proposed.
Because the size of a waiting space should be made based on the traffic volume after bike traffic volume is investigated, the insufficient investigation on bike traffic volume set aside the issue for the size of a waiting space for the further investigation.
A traffic sign for bike drivers to take a Hook-turn was proposed by borrowing the Australian example.
Intersections were divided into three-way intersection and four-way intersection, and analyzed to determine which position is the most suitable upon installation of a waiting space on the intersection.
In case of four-way intersections, the intersections were divided into one or two lanes and three or more lanes on the road and analyzed.
The result of analysis showed that neither T-shaped nor Y-shaped intersections in three-way intersections didn’t need an extra waiting space in the intersections.
Since the traffic flow on three-way intersection was simple, a waiting space wouldn’t be necessary on intersection upon implementing a Hook-turn.
But in the case of four-way intersection, a waiting space should be installed between intersection and crosswalk in three or more lanes on the road.
If the space wasn’t enough, the crosswalk should be moved back in order to gain a waiting space for Hook-turn. In addition, in case of four-way intersections of one or two lanes on the road, the results showed the efficient solution according to bike traffic volume as follows. Due to no additional space was available for a waiting space, road only for bikes should be built if the bike traffic volume was high.
In contrast, if the bike traffic volume was not high, crossing road for bikes should be installed next to crosswalk.
Finally, on the basis of analysis by examining the actual surveyed bike traffic volumes at the intersection, the virtual waiting space was created.
Accordingly, the conflicting amended laws were proposed to be resolved and the criteria for facilities for Hook-turn and the site selection for a waiting space on the intersection for Hook-turn were suggested.
This study is meaningful to provide the general criteria under the absence of criteria for traffic facilities for left-turn of bike
Thorough analyses and resolution of various errors in pin-homogenized multigroup core calculation
No full textThe errors in pin-homogenized multigroup calculation (PHMGC) from various sources are thoroughly analyzed to find the optimal neutronics solution method. The dependence of the errors due to the use of pin-homogenized multigroup cross sections on the energy groups are investigated first to clarify the need for proper equivalence factor and more groups in pinwise calculation. Various transport approximations including the simplified PN (SPN) and the discrete ordinate method (S-N) are then examined with different degrees of spatial discretization. It is demonstrated that the diffusion calculations involve significant error cancellation which would result in seemingly good results. It turns out that SP5 is not any better than SP3 and S-N yields intolerable errors due to the inconsistency of single assembly based SPH factors especially noted in the fast energy range. Through the analyses, the source expansion nodal method solver of the SP3 equations is determined as the optimal solver for PHMGCs. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.N
Stability enhancement of planar transport solution based whole-core calculation employing augmented axial method of characteristics
No full textThe planar Method of Characteristic (MOC) solution based direct whole core calculation method is stabilized and extended by employing an axial one-dimensional (1D) MOC solver with several augmentations. In order to resolve the inherent instabilities involved in the coarse mesh finite difference formulation employing a nodal simplified P-3 (SP3) axial solver, the factors causing negative fluxes are identified and eliminated. The augmentations consist of (1) a subgrid scheme, (2) transverse leakage splitting, and (3) P-L scattering and limited transport correction that are selectively applied depending on regional characteristics. Axial domain decomposition is employed for parallel solution of 1D MOC. Various core calculation results demonstrate that the augmented 1D MOC solver considerably enhances stability while retaining comparable accuracy with the SP3 nodal kernel and not causing significant computational overhead. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.N
Relative Speed Tabulation Method for Efficient Treatment of Resonance Scattering in GPU-Based Monte Carlo Neutron Transport Calculation
No full textA target velocity sampling method named the Relative Speed Tabulation (RST) is proposed for the efficient treatment of resonance elastic scattering in the Monte Carlo simulation utilizing graphics processing units (GPU). The RST method samples the relative speed between a neutron and a target nucleus by employing pretabulated probabilities of relative speeds. The target velocity is then determined from the sampled relative velocity and the neutron speed. The motivation was to avoid the rejection process of the Doppler Broadening Rejection Correction (DBRC) method, which can incur a significant reduction in the parallel performance of vector processors, such as GPUs, due to its largely varying rejection rates. The RST can also overcome the weakness of large variance of the Weight Correction Method (WCM), which would involve drastic changes in neutron weights. The verification results obtained for the Mosteller benchmark problems demonstrate that the RST is equivalent to the DBRC in accuracy, while the calculation speed remains at the same level of the WCM.N
GENETIC AND SEROLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS H3N2 ISOLATES
No full textLee, J. H.; Choi, Y.K.; Joo, Han. (2003). GENETIC AND SEROLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS H3N2 ISOLATES. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/160020
Association Between Ulcer Lesion Grade and Presence of Helicobacter Species in Pig Stomachs
No full textChoi, Young; Han, Jeong; Joo, Han. (2001). Association Between Ulcer Lesion Grade and Presence of Helicobacter Species in Pig Stomachs. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/160490
Reproductive Failures Associated with Swine Influenza Virus H3N2 With or Without PRRS Virus Infection in Swine Farms
No full textDireksin, K.; Koketsu, Y.; Joo, Han. (2002). Reproductive Failures Associated with Swine Influenza Virus H3N2 With or Without PRRS Virus Infection in Swine Farms. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/160489
A multiplex RT-PCR for subtyping H1N1 and H3N2 of swine Influenza type A virus in cIinical samples
No full textChoi, Young; Goyal, Sagar; Joo, Han. (2001). A multiplex RT-PCR for subtyping H1N1 and H3N2 of swine Influenza type A virus in cIinical samples. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/147445
Investigation of Anderson acceleration in neutronics-thermal hydraulics coupled direct whole core calculation
No full textThe Anderson Acceleration (AA) scheme is applied and investigated in neutronics and thermal-hydraulics (T/H) coupled direct whole core calculation as an effort to improve the convergence of the alternating calculation of the neutronics and T/H fields which are nonlinearly coupled with each other. This is an approach to overcome the limited convergence rate of the conventional Gauss-Seidel type fixed-point iteration scheme which might reveal oscillatory convergence behaviors in local solutions. The scheme is to represent the solution at a fixed-point iteration as a linear combination of the previous solutions. The AA solution scheme is implemented in the direct whole core calculation code nTRACER in which both a simple closed channel T/H module and the pin-level drift-flux based T/H solution module ESCOT are embedded. A series of coupled 3-dimensional problems are solved with increasing complexity starting from a single assembly steady-state problem to a full core depletion problem via checker-board problems. The convergence behavior is examined in terms of the true error reduction by comparing the intermediate fission source distribution with the fully converged reference solution obtained applying a very tight convergence criterion. It turns out that the number of neutronics-T/H iterations is reduced considerably because the local oscillatory behaviors can be smoothed and convergence is reached earlier so that the computing time of the coupled calculations is reduced by about 25% retaining the solution accuracy. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.N
Clinical Course of Partial Virological Responders
No full text학위논문(박사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :의학과,2016. 2Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
Ⅱ PATIENTS AND METHODS 3
A. Patients 3
B. Methods 4
C. Statistical Analysis 4
Ⅲ RESULTS 6
Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 11
Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 15
VIII. REFERENCES 16
국문요약 28DoctoralStudies about long-term entecavir (ETV) therapy for partial virological response (PVR) are lacking. This study aimed to assess the clinical course of PVR patients receiving ETV therapy and analyze the efficacy of tenofovir (TDF). We retrospectively evaluated 130 patients who showed a PVR to ETV. Among these patients, 102 were nucleot(s)ide analogue (NUC)-naïve and 28 were lamivudine (LAM)-experienced. The cumulative rates of VR were 54.1%, 70.8%, and 83.7% for the NUC-naïve group and 37.0%, 42.8%, and 42.8% for the LAM-experienced group after 24, 36, and 48 months of ETV therapy, respectively (P=0.008). Low HBV DNA level at 12 months (P<0.001) and absence of a LAM treatment history (P =0.031) were significant associated factors for VR. In VR prediction at 36 months of ETV therapy in NUC- naïve patients, HBV DNA level <95 IU/ml at 12 months showed a 92.9% sensitivity and a 78.3% specificity (AUROC, 0.909; P<0.001). ETV resistance did not develop in NUC- naïve patients with HBV DNA levels <95 IU/ml at 12 months. The cumulative probability of VR in patients who switched to or additionally received TDF was 91.3% at 15 months. Prolonged ETV therapy induced a VR without the risk of ETV resistance in NUC-naïve patients with HBV DNA levels <95 IU/ml at 12 months. All
patients with LAM-experienced or NUC- naïve with HBV DNA levels ≥ 95 IU/ml at 12 months should be switched to TDF rescue therapy
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