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Populistinis atsakas į COVID-19 pandemiją Lietuvoje: nuo kritikos iki sąmokslo teorijų
No full textCOVID-19 pandemijos sukelta krizė buvo puiki proga plisti populistiniams diskursams, kuriuos lydėjo įvairios sąmokslo teorijos. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra atskleisti laipsnišką pandeminės krizės politizacijos procesą, per kurį įvairūs Lietuvos populistiniai veikėjai COVID-19 pandemijos sukeltą krizę iš medicininės pavertė politine. Šiam procesui konceptualizuoti pasitelkta Ernesto Laclau populizmo teorija kartu su Williamo Felstinerio problemų politizacijos schema. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad politizuodami pandemiją populistiniai veikėjai pasinaudojo specifine diskurso dinamika, kai nuo atskirų kovos su pandemija priemonių kritikos palaipsniui pereinama iki visos situacijos abstraktaus neigiamo vertinimo. Raktiniai žodžiai: sąmokslo teorija, populizmas, COVID-19 pandemija, politizacija.The COVID-19 crisis became a great opportunity to spread populistic discourses that were usually accompanied by conspiracy theories. The article reveals a gradual process of politicization of the crisis by various Lithuanian populist actors, transforming the COVID-19 pandemic from a medical issue into a political one. Ernesto Laclau’s theory of populism combined with William Felstiner’s framework of politicization conceptualize these processes. The research showed that populist actors used a specific discourse dynamic to make the pandemic a political issue, moving from criticism of the specific measures to manage the pandemic, to an abstract and negative assessment of the situation as a whole. Keywords: conspiracy theory, populism, COVID-19 pandemic, politicization
Populizmas ir sąmokslo teorijos: Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdžio atvejis
No full textIštikus visuomenės krizėms suklesti ir populizmas, ir sąmokslo teorijos. Bene didžiausia pastarųjų metų krizė Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje buvo COVID-19 pandemija, kurios metu piką pasiekė naujas populistinis judėjimas mūsų šalyje – Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdis, panaudojęs ne vieną tiek su pandemija, tiek su kitais dalykais susijusią sąmokslo teoriją. Straipsnio tikslas ir yra atskleisti, kokį specifinį vaidmenį atlieka sąmokslo teorijos populistiniame Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdžio diskurse ir kokia yra šio vaidmens dinamika. Remiamasi Ernesto Laclau diskursyvia populizmo konceptualizacija, o atliekant tyrimą naudojamas diskurso analizės metodas. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad sąmokslo teorijos Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdžio diskurse atliko specifinį vaidmenį, ypač svarbų laipsniškam, judant nuo konkretumo iki abstraktumo, populistinio priešo identiteto formavimui. Raktiniai žodžiai: sąmokslo teorijos, populizmas, Ernestas Laclau, Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdis, COVID-19 sąmokslo teorijos, LGBT sąmokslo teorijos.Populism and conspiracy theories usually gain their momentum during the societal crises. The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the biggest crises in Lithuania and the rest of the world in recent years, during which the new populist movement – the Lithuanian Family Movement – reached its peak of popularity, using a number of various conspiracy theories in its populist discourse. The aim of this article is to reveal the specific role of conspiracy theories in the populist discourse and to show its dynamic nature. Ernesto Laclau’s discursive conceptualization of populism is used for theorization of populism and conspiracy theories; discourse analysis method is used in the research itself. The research has showed that conspiracy theories played a specific role in the discourse of Lithuanian Family Movement, especially important for the gradual construction of the identity of the populist enemy, moving from the concrete to the abstract. Keywords: conspiracy theories, populism, Ernesto Laclau, Lithuanian Family Movement, COVID-19 conspiracy theories, LGBT conspiracy theories
The Operationalization of Ernesto Laclau’s Theory of Populism: Case of the Political Party “The Way of Courage”
Full text linkThis article aims to explain the rise of the Lithuanian political party “The Way of Courage” using Ernesto Laclau’s discourse theory of populism, in which populism is understood as a logic of collective identity formation. The advantages of this theoretical approach are revealed by comparing it with other tendencies of conceptualizing populism. In addition, this article is an attempt to solve the main disadvantage of E. Laclau’s theory – its high level of abstractness, understood as an obstacle for operationalization. Therefore, various possibilities of combining E. Laclau’s theory with other methodological perspectives are discussed, and a new research model is suggested, which is later applied in the discourse analysis of the political party “The Way of Courage.
Populizmas ir sąmokslo teorijos: Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdžio atvejis
Full text linkPopulism and conspiracy theories usually gain their momentum during the societal crises. The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the biggest crises in Lithuania and the rest of the world in recent years, during which the new populist movement – the Lithuanian Family Movement – reached its peak of popularity, using a number of various conspiracy theories in its populist discourse. The aim of this article is to reveal the specific role of conspiracy theories in the populist discourse and to show its dynamic nature. Ernesto Laclau’s discursive conceptualization of populism is used for theorization of populism and conspiracy theories; discourse analysis method is used in the research itself. The research has showed that conspiracy theories played a specific role in the discourse of Lithuanian Family Movement, especially important for the gradual construction of the identity of the populist enemy, moving from the concrete to the abstract.Ištikus visuomenės krizėms suklesti ir populizmas, ir sąmokslo teorijos. Bene didžiausia pastarųjų metų krizė Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje buvo COVID-19 pandemija, kurios metu piką pasiekė naujas populistinis judėjimas mūsų šalyje – Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdis, panaudojęs ne vieną tiek su pandemija, tiek su kitais dalykais susijusią sąmokslo teoriją. Straipsnio tikslas ir yra atskleisti, kokį specifinį vaidmenį atlieka sąmokslo teorijos populistiniame Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdžio diskurse ir kokia yra šio vaidmens dinamika. Remiamasi Ernesto Laclau diskursyvia populizmo konceptualizacija, o atliekant tyrimą naudojamas diskurso analizės metodas. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad sąmokslo teorijos Lietuvos šeimų sąjūdžio diskurse atliko specifinį vaidmenį, ypač svarbų laipsniškam, judant nuo konkretumo iki abstraktumo, populistinio priešo identiteto formavimui
Influence of internet or radical social movement.
No full textIn the Times of struggle between neoliberal capitalism and global civil movement Questions regarding global governance and the possibility of global democracy are of specific concern. Currently, many social movements are organized around human rights under a variety of platforms (i.e., labor, indigenous rights). It is my contention that the need for transnational multi-issue movements is evident in the struggle for global democracy. The Internet is an important resource for the mobilization of mass global movements because it allows for quick and broad dissemination of information. Network society as a society in which a combination of social and media networks shapes its prime mode of organization and most important structures at all levels (individual, organizational and societal). It is necessary to understand nature of network society and its dynamics to further look at its influence on emerging social movements. Power is the condition and limit of politics, culture and authority. Power seeps through and around all forms of subjectivity, at times bringing opposites into conflict in a way that reinforces the fundamental flow of power. Power concerns not immediately obvious forms of politics, culture and authority but the structures that condition and limit these three. Grassroots activism exists in constant flows of power. Democracy is invented and reinvented between the demands of those without power and the limitations those with power try to impose. How are these two almost obsessively analysed figures of politics “the grassroots and democracy” transformed by being digitised and sent into cyberspace. Here arises global civil movement against neoliberal globalisation. This movement is not opposed to globalisation per se but instead is developing a new internationalism in the course of challenging the neoliberal nature of contemporary globalisation. This challenge is producing a universalising dynamic which is moving the movement beyond being a series of isolated militant particularist struggles. It consists of many different internet social movements united by using information and communication technologies and one goal counter the neoliberal power dominance
Post-democracy and populist discourses in Lithuania (2004 - 2016).
No full textIn this dissertation, connections between populism and post-democracy in the Lithuanian political field after the transition to democracy are analyzed combining post-structuralist theories with post-foundational political theories. The main aim of the thesis is to show how post-democratic condition, embracing interconnected ontological, institutional and ideological disavowal registers of political dimension, cannot fully suppress social antagonisms. Under the conditions of neoliberal capitalism, these antagonisms unavoidably re-emerge, often endangering not only the neoliberal direction of development but also the democratic regime itself. The aim of the research is to examine most salient cases examples of post-democratic populism in the Lithuanian politics after the end of post-communist transition in this country. This dissertation is an attempt to identify all post-democratic forms of politics disavowal (archipolitics, parapolitics, metapolitics and ultra-politics), which until recently succeeded in neutralizing all the attempts to challenge the dominant neoliberal agenda. As well as to show why differently from other most similar post-communist countries which completed democratic transition by process of refolution (Poland and Hungary), Lithuania did not take the populist authoritarian turn
Populistinis atsakas į COVID-19 pandemiją Lietuvoje: nuo kritikos iki sąmokslo teorijų
Full text linkThe COVID-19 crisis became a great opportunity to spread populistic discourses that were usually accompanied by conspiracy theories. The article reveals a gradual process of politicization of the crisis by various Lithuanian populist actors, transforming the COVID-19 pandemic from a medical issue into a political one. Ernesto Laclau’s theory of populism combined with William Felstiner’s framework of politicization conceptualize these processes. The research showed that populist actors used a specific discourse dynamic to make the pandemic a political issue, moving from criticism of the specific measures to manage the pandemic, to an abstract and negative assessment of the situation as a whole.COVID-19 pandemijos sukelta krizė buvo puiki proga plisti populistiniams diskursams, kuriuos lydėjo įvairios sąmokslo teorijos. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra atskleisti laipsnišką pandeminės krizės politizacijos procesą, per kurį įvairūs Lietuvos populistiniai veikėjai COVID-19 pandemijos sukeltą krizę iš medicininės pavertė politine. Šiam procesui konceptualizuoti pasitelkta Ernesto Laclau populizmo teorija kartu su Williamo Felstinerio problemų politizacijos schema. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad politizuodami pandemiją populistiniai veikėjai pasinaudojo specifine diskurso dinamika, kai nuo atskirų kovos su pandemija priemonių kritikos palaipsniui pereinama iki visos situacijos abstraktaus neigiamo vertinimo
Postdemokratija ir populistiniai diskursai Lietuvoje (2004-2016).
No full textIn this dissertation, connections between populism and post-democracy in the Lithuanian political field after the transition to democracy are analyzed combining post-structuralist theories with post-foundational political theories. The main aim of the thesis is to show how post-democratic condition, embracing interconnected ontological, institutional and ideological disavowal registers of political dimension, cannot fully suppress social antagonisms. Under the conditions of neoliberal capitalism, these antagonisms unavoidably re-emerge, often endangering not only the neoliberal direction of development but also the democratic regime itself. The aim of the research is to examine most salient cases examples of post-democratic populism in the Lithuanian politics after the end of post-communist transition in this country. This dissertation is an attempt to identify all post-democratic forms of politics disavowal (archipolitics, parapolitics, metapolitics and ultra-politics), which until recently succeeded in neutralizing all the attempts to challenge the dominant neoliberal agenda. As well as to show why differently from other most similar post-communist countries which completed democratic transition by process of refolution (Poland and Hungary), Lithuania did not take the populist authoritarian turn
Politinio pokyčio konceptualizacijos Alaino Badiou ir Jacques’o Rancière’o teorijose
Full text linkStraipsnyje nagrinėjamos Alaino Badiou ir Jacques’o Rancière’o politinėse teorijose siūlomos politinio pokyčio konceptualizacijos. Autoriai kritikuoja liberaliose atstovaujamosiose demokratijose vyraujančią ideologijų niveliaciją, o savo politiniu subjektu pasirenka marginalias visuomenės grupes, kurios aktyviais kolektyviniais veiksmais gali sutrikdyti esamą status quo. Abu autoriai siūlo praxis teorijas, kuriose pagrindžia tiek minties įtaką transformuojant materialų pasaulį, tiek, atvirkščiai, materialaus pasaulio įtaką teorijai. Šiame tekste bandoma atskleisti politinės transformacijos koncepcijų logiką ir parodyti jų ribotumą
“Apostles of the Liberalmarxism”: framing of the “left” in the right-wing Lithuanian discourse.
No full textAlthough it is often argued that left/right distinction in modern politics doesn’t matter anymore, yet public discourse is still full of references addressed to ideologically named opponents. The aim of this paper is to analyze how conception of left-wing ideology (its characteristics and contextualization) in Lithuanian public right-wing discourse is constructed to form coherent discourse of imaginary left. Ervin Goffman’s and Marvin Minsky’s frame analysis theoretical perspective is used to analyze framing of left-wing discourse in three levels: meta-, mezzo- and micro-. Discourse analysis method is used in research
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