1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN AND LIVER DISEASE
Get PDFIntroduction: Over the past three decades, the prevalence of diabetes has steadily increased. Additionally, diabetes has contributed to more diagnosed cases of liver disease (LD) suggesting that liver health is increasingly vulnerable to insulin levels. Several studies have found that endogenous insulin levels were important indicators in the development and progression of LD. However, to our knowledge, no studies have assessed the association of exogenous insulin intake and LD. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the 2013-2014 (n=5769) and 2015-2016 (n=5719) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study assessed the association between exogenous insulin use and liver disease as well as duration of insulin use. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Sex and race were tested as potential effect modifiers of the relationship between taking insulin and insulin duration and LD and multivariable logistic regression models were run. Results: Overall, participants were about 52% female in 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 with an average age of 47.5. Ever taking insulin was significantly positively associated with having a current liver condition in 2013-2014 (OR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.06-9.23) and 2015-2016 (OR=4.16; 95% CI: 1.10-15.8). Respondents in cycle 2013-2014 taking insulin for five or more years had significantly greater odds of having a current liver condition (OR 3.26; 95% CI: 1.08-9.84) compared to taking insulin for zero years. Sex and race were effect modifiers for the duration of insulin intake in cycle 2015-2016, however due to the small sample sizes stratification was not performed. Conclusion: Taking insulin and duration of insulin intake is positively associated with participants having a current liver condition. This finding suggests that further increases in the prevalence of diabetes will impact the prevalence of liver conditions and ultimately increase related healthcare costs and decrease quality of life.Epidemiolog
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
DEMOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BREAST
Get PDFBackground: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast has been shown to be a marker for an increased risk of breast cancer, rather than an actual carcinoma. There are several recommended options for the management of LCIS: observation alone, chemoprevention using Tamoxifen, and prophylactic mastectomy. It is unclear how demographic factors such as age, race and insurance type are associated with the type of management received; specifically, whether surgery was received and the type of surgery received. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify whether demographic disparities exist in the management of LCIS and to quantify the risk associated with such disparities. Specifically, we sought to assess whether race-related differences exist in whether a person with LCIS received no surgery, partial mastectomy or complete mastectomy. Of secondary interest was to assess whether age and insurance-related differences exist in whether a person with LCIS received no surgery, partial mastectomy or complete mastectomy. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to obtain information on patients diagnosed with LCIS between 2005 and 2014. Patients were stratified by race, and racial differences in variables related to clinical features and treatment were assessed. Descriptive statistics were calculated; Chi-square tests compared categorical variables and one-way ANOVA compared group means for continuous variables. To assess whether age was an effect modifier of the association between race and type of treatment received, a multinomial logistic regression model was run including the interaction or product term of race*age. Similarly, to assess whether insurance type was an effect modifier of the association between race and type of treatment received, a multinomial logistic regression model was run including the interaction or product term of race*insurance type. Age was considered an effect modifier, and thus multinomial logistic regression was performed with the study sample stratified by age category. To assess whether a variable was a confounder of the association between race and treatment type, stratified multinomial logistic regression was performed with each variable in question independently added as a covariate to the stratified analyses. The crude odds ratio was compared to the odds ratio adjusted for the variable in question. If the odds ratios differed by more than 10%, the variable in question was considered a confounder. No variable acted as a confounder. Thus, no covariates were added to the model for adjustment. In the final model, multinomial logistic regression with stratification by age category was performed to assess the association between race and treatment type (i.e., no surgery, partial mastectomy, or complete mastectomy), and calculate relative risk ratios (RRR) that reflected the likelihood of receiving a particular treatment for each racial group. Although insurance type did not appear to act as an effect modifier or confounder, another stratified multinomial logistic regression model was run that included insurance type as a covariate in order to assess whether insurance type had any impact at all on the association between race and treatment type. A p-value of < 0.05 was used to determine significance for all statistical tests, and 95% confidence intervals were used for logistic models. Results: The study sample (N=16,646) was 75.6% non-Hispanic white, 8.0% non-Hispanic Black, 9.3% Hispanic, 5.1% non-Hispanic Asian, and 2.1% other/unknown. White patients were older (mean age 55.4 years versus 54.9 years for Blacks, 52.0 years for Hispanics, and 51.4 years for Asians; p < 0.001). A greater proportion of whites and Asians were insured than Blacks and Hispanics (73.9% for whites and 77.0% for Asians versus 66.5% for Blacks, and 66.0% for Hispanics; p < 0.001). The predominant treatment type was partial mastectomy for all races. However, a greater proportion of whites underwent complete mastectomy compared to other races (22.8% versus 15.5% for Blacks, 19.3% for Hispanics, and 16.9% for Asians; p < 0.001). Among patients 65 – 74 years, Blacks were less likely to undergo partial mastectomy than no surgery compared to whites (RRR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40 – 0.95). Moreover, Blacks in all but the youngest age group were less likely to undergo complete mastectomy than no surgery compared to whites (RRR range: 0.35 – 0.48). There were no significant differences in the type of treatment received among Hispanics. In all age groups, patients of other/unknown race were significantly less likely to undergo partial (RRR range: 0.02 –0.14) or complete mastectomy (RRR range: 0.19 – 0.28) than no surgery compared to whites. There were less consistent findings for other race and age strata. Asians were more likely to undergo partial mastectomy than no surgery compared to whites if they were aged 45 – 54 years (RRR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.03 – 2.41). But Asians were less likely to undergo complete mastectomy than no surgery compared to whites if they were aged 55 – 64 years (RRR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 – 0.92). In the additional stratified multinomial logistic regression model that included insurance type as a covariate, racial differences in treatment were also noted and results were similar to those reported above for the unadjusted model. Conclusion: A larger proportion of white women had complete mastectomy compared to all other racial groups. While there were significant racial differences in socioeconomic variables in descriptive analyses, they did not confound the relationship between race and treatment of patients with LCIS. Racial differences in treatment were most significant among patients who were Black or of other/unknown race and the association was modified by age. Further research into factors affecting the decision to proceed with surveillance or surgery, as well as reasons behind the disparity in treatment among certain racial groups is warranted.Public Healt
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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