1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera
Get PDFABSTRACT
Mycorrhiza is a crucial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi within the soil environment. The specificity in these partnerships, particularly of the fungal partner is still poorly understood. Orchids require symbiotic fungi in a mycorrhizal association for seed germination and establishment, typically species within the Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae. The distribution of suitable mycorrhizal fungi will therefore affect the distribution of orchid plants. The bee orchid (Ophrys apifera) is considered common in southern England but is less frequent in the north. It has a conspicuous flower spike with individual flowers resembling bees. The species is surprisingly common in urban reclaimed ground where rubble provides suitable well-drained, alkaline and low nutrient conditions.
Aboveground organs of Ophrys apifera were recorded over a 3-year period to understand the life history better. The basal leaf rosette starting appeared in September, flower shoot initiated at the end of April, and flowers opened in May and all organs above ground died in summer (July and August). There was a positive correlation between leaf length and leaf area, and there is no significant correlations between maximum number of leaves and maximum number of flowers. There was no obvious effect of temperature and rainfall, possibly due to stability of the weather during this period.
Root and soil samples were analysed to identify potential mycorrhiza fungi. Culture-based techniques provided limited information, although this included one culture of a likely mycorrhizal genus. Samples from three sites of Liverpool University campus were investigated using Illumina amplicon sequencing of the ITS region. DNA of Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidaceae were detected in the soil as anticipated. In addition Sebacinaceae, Thelephoraceae, Clavariaceae, Psathyrellaceae were also detected in the soil samples. There were significant differences between the fungal communities of the three sites.
A transcriptome analysis to provide insight into the orchid physiology was undertaken using protocorms derived from seed germinated in vitro and tissues of root and corm from the field. Determination of differentially expressed genes/transcripts showed specific ones were up-regulated in protocorm (e.g. related to auxin transport, carbohydrate metabolism) while others, (e.g. related to transport processes) were detected up-regulated in corm and root. These outcomes of these studies on Basidiomycota fungi and the Ophrys apifera host provide significant insight into the orchid mycorrhizal relationshi
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Where philosophy and rhetoric meet : character typification in the Greek novel
Get PDFTypification plays a major role in characterisation in ancient literature. This paper focuses on the eight character types that the Greek novelistic corpus has in common with Aristotle’s ethical philosophical works on virtue and vice (Nicomachean Ethics, Eudemian Ethics, and Magna Moralia) and Theophrastus’ Characters: the coward (deilos), the flatterer (kolax), the obsequious man (areskos), the hypocrite (eirōn), the boaster (alazōn), the insensitive man (anaisthētos), the rustic (agroikos), and the shameless man (anaischyntos). I set out to answer three questions: (1) Can we discern Theophrastan and/or Aristotelian echoes in the novelists’ engagement with these character types, and if so: (2) Do they allow us to postulate any direct influence? I will try to answer both questions by adding a third question: (3) In which thematic areas do these eight character types appear? I argue that, despite its heterogeneity, the novelists’ engagement with character typification tends to cluster around three specific semantic areas. In military, erotic, and social contexts, echoes of Aristotelian and/or Theophrastan ideas connected with the various character types appear frequently, and their original meaning is often adapted or displaced. Rather than postulating any direct influence, however, I argue that the character types, along with some intrinsically connected concepts, had become part of general rhetorical education by the first centuries B.C. In my view, the novelists’ use of these character types is an aspect of their engagement with the literary toolkit developed in rhetorical education
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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