250 research outputs found
EC Bananarama 1992 : the sequel - the EC Commission proposal
No full textSome European Community (EC) countries give preferred market access and high prices to bananas from selected developing countries or EC regional suppliers. This preferential status is regarded as a form of aid to these countries, most of which are developing small island economies. EC marketers of bananas from these preferred suppliers also benefit because of the high retail prices. Nonpreferred suppliers - mainly developing countries of Latin America - are hurt by the policies because access is denied or restricted and the lower demand depresses the world price for bananas. The Community's commitment to establish a single unified EC banana market on December 31, 1992 provides a timely opportunity to reform existing distortionary trade policies. The recently announced proposal of the Commission of ECs to regulate banana trade within a unified market relies on quotas to control imports. The proposal is extremely complicated. It is designed to severely restrict competition and to maintain the advantages of selected groups. The authors update their earlier analysis of world banana trade to reflect the market in 1993. They evaluate the implications of the Commission's proposal alongside existing and alternative policies. They find that current policies cost EC consumers about 0.3 billion a year to preferred suppliers. So, it costs EC consumers about 1.00 of aid toselect developing countries or regions. Additionally, every dollar of aid reaching preferred suppliers costs other developing country suppliers 5.30 cost to EC consumers, over 1.00 is lost in outright waste. Several plausible versions of the Commission's proposal are modelled. At best they are found to be slightly less costly than existing policies and at worst, considerably more costly. A 3.5 percent reduction in the quota allocation is estimated to lead to a 30 percent increase in the cost of the proposal. The authors conclude that the Commission's proposal for a unified EC banana policy appears to be little more than a way of replacing existing distortionary national policies with an almost equally distortionary single policy and market. The only difference: the costs would be borne by consumers in all EC countries rather than consumers in only some countries. Worse still, costs could increase. Markets that now gain the benefits of mostly open and competitive marketing such as Germany would face closed and uncompetitive conditions. For developing countries exporting bananas, the proposal offers little. At best conditions may be no worse than they are now. At worst the policy could hurt Latin American suppliers even more than current policies and introduce considerable confusion about the level of support to preferred suppliers. Under the proposed quota system aid will not be well targeted. A more efficient way of achieving the EC's aid commitment is through a small tariff of about 17 percent, used to fund a system of well-targeted deficiency payments or direct aid. The only reason for choosing the Commission's proposal over simpler, tariff-based options seems to be to maintain the vested interests of protected EC markteters. But this is contrary to the objectives of unification, which are to seek gains from increased competition and trade.Environmental Economics&Policies,Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access,Economic Theory&Research,Consumption
[[alternative]]A study of education beliefs and teaching behavior of professional teachers and technical teachers in industrial high schools
No full text[[abstract]]A Study of Educational Beliefs and Teaching Behavior of Professional Teachers and Technical Teachers in Industrial High Schools
By Man-Shin Wang
Advisors: Dr. Maw-Fa Chien
Dr. Ming-Ta Wu
The purpose of this study was to inquire into the education beliefs and teaching behavior of professional teachers and technical teachers in industrial high schools under the current education environment. The methods adopted the survey and the depth interview. The research sample consisted of 350 professional teachers and 124 technical teachers. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation. Conclusions were made as follows:
1."Education effectiveness", "teacher teaching" and "student learning" of professional teachers and technical teachers were better than their "education reform" in education beliefs.
2.Their "teacher-student relationships" and "student individual differences" were better than "curriculum and learning" and "teachers' roles" in teacher behavior.
3. Professional teachers in "teacher teaching", "student learning teachers' roles" and "student individual differences" were stronger than those of technical teachers.
4. Teachers who were younger, from northern-area schools or with two and more teacher licenses had a stronger sense of the relationship between the education beliefs and teaching behavior.
5. Higher teacher's education beliefs would result in higher teaching behavior.
According to the above-mentioned conclusions, the following suggestions were made:
1. The educational administration organizations should communicate more often with teaching staff for the improvement of their confidence in education reform.
2. The teacher-training institutes should provide more training opportunities for the teachers to strengthen their education confidence and better performance in their teaching career.
3. The prospects of industrial high schools must be built and advanced study or training programs for the teachers should be encouraged for better performance and higher professional career agreement with their jobs.
4. The competency level of industrial high school teachers should be lifted to catch up with the contemporary development trends of the era and it is also beneficial for education efficiency and confidence building of their professional career.
Key word:
professional teachers , technical teachers , education beliefs
teaching behaviors , education reform
[[alternative]]The critique and application of instructional design theory and model: Using social studies materials and methods as an example
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this dissertation is to design and implement the course of social studies materials and methods in National Taipei Teachers College, and to explore the possibility and limitation of instructional design. Before designing the framework of the course and implementing, author did thorough literature review on the following core concepts: instructional design theory , instructional models, social studies in elementary schools and teacher preparation programs to clarify the meaning of key concepts. Author uses in-depth interview with scholars, elementary school teachers, and students to gather more first hand field information.
The research takes a year and ten month to finish, and the actual application or implementation time is about four months (a semester). After the implementation, the forty-one junior students who took the course feel satisfactory, and agree on the goal , activities and evaluation of the course, which is designed by the researcher. The only complaint is the study load, students think they spent too much time in homework and preparation of student teaching, though the outcome is pretty good. The conclusion of this research is as follow:
1. The essence of instructional design can enhance the effectiveness of teaching.
2. The characteristics of instructional design theory is prescriptive, while the instructional design model is for specific target learner and context.
3. The framework of this research is based on the” reflection in action” of the social studies materials and methods, and is two-stage.
4. Establishing the partnership relationship with elementary school, which offers
student teaching opportunities.
5. Using reflection-directed social studies materials and methods will have better
learning process and outcome
6. Research on teaching effective involves many factors, and it needs further study.
Based on the above conclusion, author makes following suggestions to administrative agencies of education, teacher preparation program and research‘s self-improvement:
1. From the angle of macro-level instructional design, Department of Education should redesign the teacher preparation program.
2. DOE should introduce reflective in action paradigm of teacher preparation program.
3. The teacher preparation agency should Implement the school-based instructional design to facilitate the connection of the curriculum.
4. School boards and leaders should enhance the instructional design capability of teachers.
5. Through reward system, teacher preparation agencies establish the partnership relationship with elementary school.
6. Researcher should redesign the homework and assignments for the students.
7. Researcher can consider web-site possibilities for follow-up study.
Kwaliteit en kwaliteitscontrole van breuksteen in de waterbouw
No full textIn dit rapport zijn van een periode van ruim 5 jaar de resultaten van onderzoek naar eigenschappen, produktiemogelijkheden, bemonsterings en beproevingsmethoden voor breuksteen en verder de ervaringen met kwaliteitszorg in de praktijk verwerkt. De op grond van een en ander in het rapport geformuleerde voorstellen voor eisen, besteksbepalingen en (proef)voorschriften zijn de visie vormen van genoemde werkgroep WKE, maar nog niet officieel zijn goedgekeurd
Ratio between stone diameter and nominal diameter
No full textFor describing the relation between the grainsize and the nominal diameter (d50 vs. dn50) usually a factor 0.84 is used. This factor has been derived by Laan [1981] "De relatie tussen vorm en gewicht van breuksteen (the relation between shape and weight of pieces of rock), report MAW-R-81079". However, this original report cannot be retrieved any more. This study has collected new data to re-establish the background of the used factor 0.84.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
GAYA KOMUNIKASI MUBALIGH DALAM SOROTAN PUBLIK
No full textWhen preaching preachers will use a variety of communication styles.Communication style is a set of behaviors that can be used communicator(preachers) in conveying the message to get a certain response in certainsituations anyway. Style of communication in the form of verbal and nonverballanguage may be spontaneous or its use should be regulated in such a way thatthe purpose of the communication itself can be achieved. The figure of thepreacher as a public figure is implicitly demanded by the public can provideexemplary through their behavior, then what would happen if at some timepreachers bring communication styles that are considered unfit "owned / used" bythem as a preacher ?, regard is the author tries to analyze the style mubalighcommunication that into the public spotlight
Manajerial Dakwah Islam Melalui Perayaan Sekaten Sebagai Representasi Kekayaan Kebudayaan Islam Indonesia
No full textThis research aims to find out the strategies and managerial processes of da'wah contained in the sekaten tradition in responding to the richness of religion, culture, and the background of the Indonesian people. The researcher's approach in this study was to use a qualitative research methodology using library research methods. In this case, the author tries to collect material using various bibliographical data from various sources, including books, notes, and previous research articles. The Sekaten tradition is a celebration held in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which has a close relationship with Islamic religious values. In this celebration, there are various elements related to Islamic da'wah. Overall, the Sekaten tradition has become an important vehicle for spreading Islamic da'wah and strengthening the community's religious identity. Through the transmission of Islamic teachings, moral and ethical development, as well as motivation and inspiration, the Sekaten celebration makes a positive contribution in the formation of individuals who are faithful, pious, and have concern for religious values in everyday life
Teologi Wabah Perspektif Ibnu Hajar Al-‘Asqalani dan Slavoj Ẑiẑek
No full textThis article discussed about the theology of pandemic in the perspective of Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani and Slavoj Ẑiẑek. The author examined the book Badzlul Ma'ûn fi Fadhli ath-Thā'ûn and the book Pandemic, Covid-19 Shakes the World. This paper is a literature study, namely analyzing text as a source of data in the writing process. The pandemic in Ibn Hajar's perspective based on the hadith is a form of "torment" from God, and originates from the disturbance of the Jinn. Ethics in dealing with the pandemic includes praying qunut, global prayer, a healthy lifestyle and not visiting areas affected by the epidemic, and also not leaving areas that have been hit by the epidemic. Slavoj Ẑiẑek views that there is a need for a fundamental change in the governance of global life, a global ethic that is agreed upon in anticipation of the threat of shocking human life as experienced today
Menafsir Makna “Jihad” dalam Konteks Kekinian
No full textThis article aims to explore the meaning of jihad in the perspective of contextual interpretation. In this study, the Mawdlū‘ī (thematic) Tafsir method used to catch a big picture or spirit of text, with the tool as a analysis tool in the form of two approaches, namely: Historical (Historical) and Hermeneutic Approaches. From the results of the study, get conclusion that jihad, which has often been reduced by some people as a war against different beliefs (the others), turns out to have a far more substantial meaning and is relevant to the present context. The meaning of the author is that jihad strives to uphold human values, oppose tyranny, uphold justice. In this case, jihad is broadly interpreted not merely as a war against the enemy, but to fight against injustice, tyranny, social pathoologies such as poverty, ignorance, and most importantly, jihad against oneself
Political models of macroeconomic policy and fiscal reform
No full textThe author explains how recent developments in political economics improve our understanding of macroeconomic policy - especially the timing, design, and likelihood of stabilization's success through monetary and fiscal reform. The author reviews the literature on political business cycles and emphasizes several issues involving the relationship between the timing of elections and the timing of macroeconomic policies and outcomes. He also addresses how models can be useful in studying non-democratic systems. Two forces are crucial factors in both democratic and dictatorial systems, although they may manifest themselves differently: (1) the policymakers'incentive to retain power; and (2) society's polarization and the degree of social conflict. The author then analyzes why economic stabilization is delayed, even when it is obvious that sooner or later a stabilization program will have to be adopted. Some points made in the paper follow. Certain institutional characteristics make quick and successful stabilization more or less likely. The more unequal the distribution of stabilization's costs, the more likely that stabilization will be delayed. An increase in the cost of postponing stabilization reduces the delay. Political institutions that make it easier for small interest groups to veto legislation make delay more likely. If political and economic resources are unequally distributed, and it is obvious which group is stronger and has resources to wait longer, a war of attrition ends immediately, as there is no uncertainty about who will win it. Delay is more likely when information about who will bear the cost of delays is uncertain or unevenly distributed. Delay is also more likely when there is agreement about the need for fiscal change but a political stalemate about distribution - about how the burden of higher taxes or spending cuts should be allocated. Stabilization usually occurs when there is political consolidation. The burden of stabilization is sometimes unequal, with the politically weaker group (often the lower classes) bearing a larger burden (often regressive measures). If it is in the interest of the current government to do nothing for fear of failure because of government incompetence, the public may have no incentive to vote for the opposition because the opposition may also do nothing; the crucial factor here is how aware the government is of its own incompetence and thus its reasons for not attempting reform. Successful stabilization usually comes after several failed attempts, and the successful program is often very much like one that failed.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,National Governance,ICT Policy and Strategies,Health Economics&Finance
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