1,721,246 research outputs found
Safe passage during the school commute
No full textThis study builds upon the findings of recent research which suggests the trip to and from school may be the riskiest activity in America. The purpose of this study is to examine and quantify the different types of victimization, such as bullying behavior that pupils experience during their travel to and from school. Research on the daily movement and activities within a community reveals that a significant amount of victimization occurs during the hours prior to and immediately following school, when youths travel from a supervised environment to their destination. To illuminate the problem of victimization during the period immediately following school dismissal and determine the necessity of improving safety during the school commute, it is important to study the journey that students take after they leave home and school property. Utilizing survey data collected from a sample of 244 students across four districts, which include urban, suburban, and rural schools within the United States, the study explores the daily school commute of students and analyzes the relationship between the various modes of travel and the level and types of victimization experienced, fear of victimization, and offenses witnessed by the pupils. The study uses the Routine Activities Approach as a theoretical foundation for examining victimization during times when capable guardianship is minimal to nonexistent. Findings indicate that nearly half of the students in the study reported experiencing at least one incident of victimization during the school year. Relationships were found between modes of travel and victimization experienced, witnessed, and feared during the daily commute to and from school. The research also found that the majority of students felt safer in school than during their daily commute. When asked to describe locations perceived as risky, students in urban districts reported feeling unsafe during their commute through unoccupied streets and alleyways, whereas the students in the suburban and rural districts reported feeling unsafe in occupied settings, such as school buses and parking lots of businesses. This research suggests that working partnerships should be formed among all stakeholders involved in protecting students, which include school administrators, bus drivers, school resource officers, and parents.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Jonathan Martin Kremse
The econometric estimation of the demand for money
No full textDespite thirty years of research there is still widespread disagreement about even the basic explanatory variables which should enter into a demand for money function. Two reasons for this stand out, the dual role of money as transactions and savings medium, and the many different definitions of `money'. This thesis aims to cast some light on the demand for money by conducting work using three different approaches and on three different aggregates. The work is grounded in surveys of both the economic and econometric literature. The first piece of research looks at MO and uses the General to specific methodology developed by Hendry et al to derive a final equation which we believe to be the best representation of the data available. The importance of rigorous testing is stressed within this framework, and our analysis lays stress also upon the need for thorough economic analysis at all points in the research. The second research looks at M1 and is essentially an applied examination of the role of risk terms in the demand for money. A theoretical portfolio model is set up, and econometric analysis is applied to test both the overall and individual significance of the risk terms which the analysis suggests could be of importance. Finally the research considers broad money, and examines how buffer stock theories can be applied to sectoral behaviour. The emphasis is on the consideration of variables which such theories would lead a researcher to consider, rather than on developing the detailed micro-theoretic background. (DX89572)</p
Control Generation by Program Transformation
Get PDFThe objective of control generation in logic programming is to derive a computation rule for a program that is efficient and yet does not compromise program correctness. Progress in solving this fundamental problem in logic programming has been slow and, to date, only partial solutions have been proposed. Previously proposed schemes are either inefficient, incomplete (incorrect) or difficult to apply for programs consisting of many components (the scheme is not modular). This paper shows how the control generation problem can be tackled by program transformation. The transformation relies on information about the depths of derivations to derive delay declarations which orchestrate the control. To prove correctness of the transformation, the notion of semi-delay recurrency is introduced, which generalises previous ideas in the termination literature for reasoning about logic programs with delay declarations. In contrast to previous work, semi-delay recurrency does not require an atom to be completely resolved before another is selected for reduction. This enhancement permits the transformation to introduce control which is flexible and relatively efficient
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
An embedded device for real-time noninvasive intracranial pressure estimation
No full textThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-70).Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is key in many neurological conditions for diagnosis and guiding therapy. Current monitoring methods are highly invasive, limiting their use to the most critically ill patients. Based on a previously developed approach to noninvasive ICP estimation from cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveforms, I have implemented the algorithm on an embedded device (LPC4337 microcontroller) that can produce real-time estimates of ICP from noninvasively-obtained ABP and CBFV measurements. I have also fabricated a medical device prototype complete with peripheral interfaces for ABP and CBFV monitoring hardware and display and recording functionality for clinical use and post-acquisition analysis. The current device produces a mean estimate of ICP once per minute and can perform the necessary computations in 410 ms, on average. Real-time estimates of noninvasive ICP differed from the original batch-mode MATLAB implementation of the algorithm by 0.34 mmHg (RMSE). The contributions of this thesis take a step toward the goal of real-time noninvasive ICP estimation in a variety of clinical settings.by Jonathan Martin Matthews.M. Eng
- …
