2,475 research outputs found
Big Government and Affirmative Action: The Scandalous History of the Small Business Administration
No full textDavid Stockman, Ronald Reagan’s budget director, proclaimed the Small Business Administration a “billion-dollar waste—a rathole,” and set out to abolish the agency. His scathing critique was but the latest attack on an agency better known as the “Small Scandal Administration.” Loans to criminals, government contracts for minority “fronts,” the classification of American Motors as a small business, Whitewater, and other scandals—the Small Business Administration has lurched from one embarrassment to another.
Despite the scandals and the policy failures, the SBA thrives and small business remains a sacred cow in American politics. Part of this sacredness comes from the agency’s longstanding record of pioneering affirmative action. Jonathan Bean reveals that even before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the SBA promoted African American businesses, encouraged the hiring of minorities, and monitored the employment practices of loan recipients. Under Nixon, the agency expanded racial preferences. During the Reagan administration, politicians wrapped themselves in the mantle of minority enterprise even as they denounced quotas elsewhere.
Created by Congress in 1953, the SBA does not conform to traditional interpretations of interest-group democracy. Even though the public—and Congress—favors small enterprise, there has never been a unified group of small business owners requesting the government’s help. Indeed, the SBA often has failed to address the real problems of “Mom and Pop” shop owners, fueling the ongoing debate about the agency’s viability.
Jonathan Bean, Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and professor of history at Southern Illinois University, is the author of Big Government and Affirmative Action: The Scandalous History of the Small Business Administration and Beyond the Broker State: Federal Policies toward Small Business, 1936–1961.
Bean is a master of administrative history, not just of the SBA but of the tremendous expansion of American government, especially beginning with and then flowing from the New Deal. —American Historical Review
[Bean] has a love/hate relationship with the SBA, and this tension is visible throughout his meticulously researched monograph. —Business History
Claims that the SBA did not help truly disadvantaged businesses but its affirmative action programmes benefited politicians in both parties who used it for their own gains. —International Review of Administrative Sciences
His careful analysis, his all-encompassing bibliography, and his inclusive endnotes make this the definitive monograph. —Journal of American History
The first full-length academic assessment of the agency. At once a powerful argument for killing off the agency and a shrewd analysis for the political impulses that make its termination nearly impossible. —Wall Street Journalhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_political_science_american_politics/1035/thumbnail.jp
National Social Science Survey 1990 Election Panel
No full textThis survey is a panel of respondents from the National Social Science Survey 1989 survey. Respondents from that sample were recontacted after the March 1990 federal election and asked for their views on the election and related issues. Variables include a range of social background measures, asked at the time of the 1989 survey; the respondent's federal electoral division and postcode; attitudes on a variety of political issues such as government's role in the economy, privatisation, trade unions, the environment, the monarchy; feeling thermometer ratings of Australian politicians, political parties and other groups; ratings of the importance of, and preferred party on a wide range of election issues; party identification and voting behaviour; plus variables from the second international module on the role of government
Cocoa (Chocolate Bean) Growing in the Florida Home Landscape
No full textRevised! HS-1057, an 8-page fact sheet by Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, and Gene Joyner, provides homeowners with a basic reference for growing cocoa (chocolate bean) in the home landscape. Tables include suggested cultural practices by month, fertilizer recommendations and nutritional values. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2006.
HS1057/HS307: Cocoa (Chocolate Bean) Growing in the Florida Home Landscape (ufl.edu
Cocoa (Chocolate Bean) Growing in the Florida Home Landscape
No full textRevised! HS-1057, an 8-page fact sheet by Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, and Gene Joyner, provides homeowners with a basic reference for growing cocoa (chocolate bean) in the home landscape. Tables include suggested cultural practices by month, fertilizer recommendations and nutritional values. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2006.
HS1057/HS307: Cocoa (Chocolate Bean) Growing in the Florida Home Landscape (ufl.edu
Bean rust
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on August 3, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Towards the development of a sustainable soya bean-based feedstock for aquaculture
No full textSoya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sought after for both its oil and protein components. Genetic approaches to add value to either component are ongoing efforts in soya bean breeding and molecular biology programmes. The former is the primary vegetable oil consumed in the world. Hence, its primary usage is in direct human consumption. As a means to increase its utility in feed applications, thereby expanding the market of soya bean coproducts, we investigated the simultaneous displacement of marine ingredients in aquafeeds with soya bean-based protein and a high Omega-3 fatty acid soya bean oil, enriched with alpha-linolenic and stearidonic acids, in both steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Kampachi (Seriola rivoliana). Communicated herein are aquafeed formulations with major reduction in marine ingredients that translates to more total Omega-3 fatty acids in harvested flesh. Building off of these findings, subsequent efforts were directed towards a genetic strategy that would translate to a prototype design of an optimal identity-preserved soya bean-based feedstock for aquaculture, whereby a multigene stack approach for the targeted synthesis of two value-added output traits, eicosapentaenoic acid and the ketocarotenoid, astaxanthin, were introduced into the crop. To this end, the systematic introduction of seven transgenic cassettes into soya bean, and the molecular and phenotypic evaluation of the derived novel events are described.
Includes supplementary materials
Bean and pea weevils
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on December 7, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Bean Validation pro JAXB
No full textCurrently, there is no solution providing automatic validation of objects in the problem of solving Object-to-XML Impedance Mismatch. The author chose Java SE specification JAXB for Object-to-XML mapping and Java EE specification Bean Validation for validation of JavaBean objects. This thesis focuses on the interconnection of the two specifications and creation of a new specification Bean Validation in JAXB providing automatic validation at the object level during the process of marshalling and unmarshalling. This specification also provides means for mapping XML Restrictions and Facets to Bean Validation constraints. In this thesis author presents the design of Bean Validation in JAXB facility specification, its reference implementation, written by author, and users and programmers guide
National Social Science Survey, 1989-90
No full textThis file combines the fourth and fifth studies in the National Social Science Survey (NSSS) series and repeats many of the questions asked in previous rounds. While conducted as two separate mail surveys, questionnaires for the Family Survey, conducted in 1989-90, and the Lifestyles Survey, conducted in 1990, were identical for the most part allowing responses from both samples to be combined. The Family Survey component also includes questions asked as part of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) study of Family and Changing Sex Roles. Comparative data from all countries in the ISSP have been processed and distributed by the Zentralarchiv fur Empirische Sozialforschung (ZA) at the University of Cologne (ZA Study 1700,1988).
Questions common to both studies cover attitudes to government spending and government policies, life satisfaction, abortion, feeling thermometer ratings of political leaders, groups and institutions, religious beliefs, income returns for education, courtship and marriage, involvement in decision making at work, work values and fairness of pay, leisure activities, the importance of higher pay to get people to work hard, study and learn new skills, do responsible and demanding jobs or dirty and dangerous jobs, the importance of these factors to deciding how much people ought to be paid, and views on how much workers in certain occupations are paid and ought to be paid, neighbourhood problems, fear of crime, experience of crime, trade unionism, privatisation, voting and party indentification.
The ISSP study of Family and Changing Sex Roles focuses on the role of women in the family and workplace, attitudes to marriage and divorce, children and childcare. Additional information on the respondents' siblings and attitudes to family taxation was also collected in the survey. Questions included only in the Lifestyles Survey cover parents' participation in cultural activities when respondent was growing up, and respondents participation in those activities then and now, standard of living when growing up and now, attitudes to modern appliances and technology, military threats to Australia, attitudes to preventable diseases. Additional questions on crime issues cover attitudes to the local police in the Family Survey and feelings about crime and punishment in the Lifestyles Survey.
Extensive background information includes respondents' occupation, education and qualifications, income and standard of living, trade union membership, religion, birthplace and ancestry, and he birthplace, religion, education, occupation and political orientation of the respondets' spouse or partner, parents and grandfathers
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