1,721,074 research outputs found
Bone marrow transplants
No full textNew indications exploit the immune effects of the transplanted cell
Stratified medicine for cancer therapy
No full textAs knowledge of the biological processes underlying malignant transformation becomes increasingly sophisticated, apparently similar diseases can be redefined according to the critical disrupted biological pathways and networks. The key genetic changes in most cancers can be mapped to one of a relatively few pathways, making it possible to classify tumours by their abnormal pathways and to identify potentially treatable--'druggable'--targets within these. The aim of the stratified approach to cancer therapy is to improve the effectiveness, tolerability and affordability of novel therapeutic agents
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
No full textPrimary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma is a discrete clinicopathologic entity. Molecular analysis reveals it to be distinct from other types of large B-cell lymphoma, and retrospective analysis suggests that it may respond better to multi-agent chemotherapy regimens than to the more commonly used CHOP. The addition of rituximab may mitigate such differences, and may also diminish the role of consolidation radiotherapy, which is often used to treat residual mediastinal masses. For the future the role of FDG-PET scanning requires prospective examination, and it is hoped that this may allow the de-escalation of treatment if it can be shown to yield reliable prognostic information. The relative rarity of this type of lymphoma necessitates international collaboration in clinical trials, with a prospective clinicopathologic study, IELSG 26, already underway
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Training improves the interobserver agreement of the expert positron emission tomography review panel in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: Interim analysis in the ongoing International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-37 study
No full textThe International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG)-37 is a prospective randomized trial assessing the role of consolidation mediastinal radiotherapy after immunochemotherapy to patients with newly diagnosed primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL). It is a positron emission tomography (PET) response-guided study where patients obtaining a complete metabolic response on an end-of-therapy PET-computed tomography (CT) scan evaluated by a central review are randomized to receive radiotherapy or no further treatment. The aims of this study were to measure agreement between reviewers reporting PET-CT scans for this trial and to determine the effect of training upon concordance rates. The review panel comprised 6 experienced nuclear physicians who read PET-CT scans using the 5-point Deauville scale. Interobserver agreement (IOA) was measured at 4 time points: after a blinded review of a "training set" of 20 patients with PMBCL from the previous IELSG-26 study (phase 1); after the first 10 clinical cases enrolled in the IELSG-37 (phase 2); and after 2 further groups of 50 (phase 3) and 40 clinical cases (phase 4). After feedback from the training set and the first 10 cases, a meeting was held to discuss interpretation, and a detailed set of instructions for the review procedure was agreed and acted upon. Between 2012 and 2014, the first 100 patients were reviewed. Using Deauville score 3 as the cutoff for a complete metabolic response, the overall IOA among the reviewers was good (Krippendorff α = 0.72.) The binary concordance between pairs of reviewers (Cohen κ) ranged from 0.60 to 0.78. The IOA, initially moderate, improved progressively from phase 1 to 4 (Krippendorff α from 0.53 to 0.81; Cohen κ from 0.35-0.72 to 0.77-0.87). Our experience indicates that the agreement among "expert" nuclear physicians reporting PMBCL, even using standardized criteria, was only moderate when the study began. However, agreement improved using a harmonization process, which included a training exercise with discussion of points leading to disagreement and compiling practical rules to sit alongside commonly adopted interpretation criteria. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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