1,720,956 research outputs found
Inflammatory response in UCD200/206 scleroderma-prone chickens to intradermal injection of SILIKON 1000
Get PDFIntradermal injections of silicone materials have resulted in chronic inflammation and fibrotic reactions in some individuals. The UCD200/206 line of chickens is characterized by spontaneous development of scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (SSc), a fibrotic autoimmune disease. This longitudinal study examined the cellular inflammatory activity initiated by SILIKON 1000 (a silicone product used as a filler in human skin) at the site of intradermal (i.d.) injection and in the peripheral blood in the SSc-prone UCD 200/206 (UCD) chickens and healthy White Leghorn (WL) controls. Specifically, the pulps of growing feathers (GFs) were i.d. injected with SILIKON or endotoxin-free, sterile PBS (8 and 3 birds/line, respectively; 10 µL/GF; 20 GF/bird). Three GFs and heparinized blood were collected before (0 d) and at 0.25 (6 h), 1, 2, 3, and 7 d post-injection (p.i.) to determine immune cell profiles by immunofluorescent staining of pulp- and blood-cell suspensions and cell population analysis by fluorescence-based flow cytometry. GF-pulp injection of SILIKON resulted in similar, rapid (6 h) heterophil and macrophage increases in GF-pulps in both lines, with higher macrophage levels (% pulp cells) at 6 h in UCD than WL. While GF-pulp lymphocyte levels did not change post SILIKON injection in both lines, levels were higher in WL than in UCD at 1 d p.i. In the blood, concentrations (103 cells/μL) of heterophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes did not change significantly over time, but heterophil and monocyte concentrations were higher in UCD at 2 d and at 6 h and 7 d p.i., respectively. Examination of lymphocyte subsets revealed similarly elevated levels of B cells and CD4+ T cells in GF-pulps of both lines. In the blood, B cell concentrations increased similarly in both lines, reaching peak levels at 2 d p.i. Concentrations of CD4+, CD8+, or γδ T cells did not change post GF-pulp SILIKON injection in UCD, but in WL there was a shift in the proportions among CD4+ T cells and γδ T cells, with increased and decreased concentrations from 1 to 7 d, respectively. Comparisons of the effects of SILIKON 1000 and PBS injections revealed that SILIKON resulted in higher monocyte/macrophage and CD4+ T cell recruitment into GF-pulps of WL chickens, and in higher recruitment of total lymphocytes, especially γδ T cells, into GF-pulps of SSc-prone UCD chickens. These observations, together with the greater levels of monocytes/macrophages in SILIKON injected GF-pulps and blood of UCD chickens, highlight the qualitative differences in the inflammatory responses initiated by SILIKON in SSc-prone UCD and healthy WL chickens. It appears that the inflammatory response in the SSc-prone UCD 200/206 chickens may be heading towards collagen production and fibrosis, rather than normal tissue healing. More research is needed to determine the functional activities of the immune cells recruited to the site of SILIKON 1000 injection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Inflammatory response in UCD200/206 scleroderma-prone chickens to intradermal injection of SILIKON 1000
Get PDFIntradermal injections of silicone materials have resulted in chronic inflammation and fibrotic reactions in some individuals. The UCD200/206 line of chickens is characterized by spontaneous development of scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (SSc), a fibrotic autoimmune disease. This longitudinal study examined the cellular inflammatory activity initiated by SILIKON 1000 (a silicone product used as a filler in human skin) at the site of intradermal (i.d.) injection and in the peripheral blood in the SSc-prone UCD 200/206 (UCD) chickens and healthy White Leghorn (WL) controls. Specifically, the pulps of growing feathers (GFs) were i.d. injected with SILIKON or endotoxin-free, sterile PBS (8 and 3 birds/line, respectively; 10 µL/GF; 20 GF/bird). Three GFs and heparinized blood were collected before (0 d) and at 0.25 (6 h), 1, 2, 3, and 7 d post-injection (p.i.) to determine immune cell profiles by immunofluorescent staining of pulp- and blood-cell suspensions and cell population analysis by fluorescence-based flow cytometry. GF-pulp injection of SILIKON resulted in similar, rapid (6 h) heterophil and macrophage increases in GF-pulps in both lines, with higher macrophage levels (% pulp cells) at 6 h in UCD than WL. While GF-pulp lymphocyte levels did not change post SILIKON injection in both lines, levels were higher in WL than in UCD at 1 d p.i. In the blood, concentrations (103 cells/μL) of heterophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes did not change significantly over time, but heterophil and monocyte concentrations were higher in UCD at 2 d and at 6 h and 7 d p.i., respectively. Examination of lymphocyte subsets revealed similarly elevated levels of B cells and CD4+ T cells in GF-pulps of both lines. In the blood, B cell concentrations increased similarly in both lines, reaching peak levels at 2 d p.i. Concentrations of CD4+, CD8+, or γδ T cells did not change post GF-pulp SILIKON injection in UCD, but in WL there was a shift in the proportions among CD4+ T cells and γδ T cells, with increased and decreased concentrations from 1 to 7 d, respectively. Comparisons of the effects of SILIKON 1000 and PBS injections revealed that SILIKON resulted in higher monocyte/macrophage and CD4+ T cell recruitment into GF-pulps of WL chickens, and in higher recruitment of total lymphocytes, especially γδ T cells, into GF-pulps of SSc-prone UCD chickens. These observations, together with the greater levels of monocytes/macrophages in SILIKON injected GF-pulps and blood of UCD chickens, highlight the qualitative differences in the inflammatory responses initiated by SILIKON in SSc-prone UCD and healthy WL chickens. It appears that the inflammatory response in the SSc-prone UCD 200/206 chickens may be heading towards collagen production and fibrosis, rather than normal tissue healing. More research is needed to determine the functional activities of the immune cells recruited to the site of SILIKON 1000 injection
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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