1,721,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The impacts of urban wetlands on mosquito population dynamics and disease risk at the local scale
No full textUnderstanding how different urban environments influence the transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) within urban landscapes has been poorly studied. Urban wetlands, which are often the most abundant and beneficial open-space remaining in developed areas, are one such understudied urban environment. Despite the beneficial nature of urban wetlands they have been linked to increases in the occurrence of clinical WNV cases in the northeastern United States. However, the mechanisms behind this association have never been thoroughly investigated. Given this discrepancy, we set out to determine the true impacts urban wetlands have on the transmission of WNV within urban landscapes. Our primary hypothesis is that urban wetlands actually decrease the prevalence of WNV by decreasing the ability of local vector communities to maintain and transmit WNV. To address our hypothesis we surveyed the composition of local vector communities and disease prevalence moving from urban wetlands into adjacent residential/urban environments over a fine spatial scale (<1km). We surveyed a total of six urban wetland sites consisting of three size classes within the state of New Jersey (USA) during the 2009 and 2010 transmission seasons. We found that urban wetlands produced significantly richer (t34=4.77, P<0.001) and more abundant mosquito populations (t34=3.82, P=0.001) compared to urban residential areas. Residential communities also contained higher proportions of container-breeding species (e.g. Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus). This led to a larger percentage of residential mosquito populations being made up of competent WNV vectors (31.25±5.3%) compared to wetland areas (13.5±2.1%). These increases correlated to higher WNV infection rates in Culex spp. populations residing within residential areas (28.53/1000) compared to wetland areas (16.77/1000). In relation to wetland size, small wetlands produced significantly higher weekly infection rates (24.52/1000) than medium (8.50/1000) or large (6.67/1000) sized wetlands. Additionally, we found that sustained increases in seasonal temperatures increased the community presence of competent vector species (e.g. Culex spp. and Aedes albopictus) and caused dramatic increases in WNV infection rates. Overall, these results confirm our hypothesis that WNV, and its prominent enzootic and bridge vector species, are more strongly associated with urban residential areas than they are with urban wetland areas.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Brian J. Johnso
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
A paleoecological perspective of vegetation succession on raised bog microforms
No full textPeat cores were taken from eight primary and one secondary raised bog sites throughout the United Kingdom in order to determine the pathways of succession between the microform (hummock, ridge, lawn, hollow, and pool) plant communities of the mid to late Holocene. All of these sites have undergone drainage and/or cutting in the recent past, at least. The plant communities were reconstructed by using plant macrofossil analysis, and they are defined primarily by the dominant species of Sphagnum. While plant macrofossils may be used to infer hydrological conditions, an alternative proxy, using testate amoebae, was utilized. This group of organisms was used to avoid circular arguments when relating the vegetation changes to hydrological events. Consequently, a conceptual model of late Holocene succession on British raised mires is constructed that elucidates succession between the microform plant communities according to changes in the water table depth, its stability, quality, and physical disturbance of the vegetation cover. The general sequence of ombrogenous communities was elucidated to be, with increasing height above the water tables, S. cuspidatum and S. auriculatum > Sphagnum sect. Cymbifolia taxa > Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia taxa > a return of Sphagnum sect. Cymbifolia taxa > non-Sphagnum mosses.A major pathway toward degradation of the mire is apparent in modern times, and recovery is typically via a phase of dominance by S. tenellum prior to the establishment of either S. magellanicum or S. papillosum. Although this disturbance is of a large magnitude, it was found that equable or more severe perturbations to the water table had occurred in the past, especially at coastal sites where marine regression led to the establishment of Sphagnum-poor communities dominated by Calluna and Eriophorum vaginatum. The long- term persistence of hummock–hollow vegetation communities is demonstrated, but the appearance of persistent, more homogeneous phases suggests that this surface topography is not always well developed
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