103,361 research outputs found
The Value of Private Risk Versus the Value of Public Risk: An Experimental Analysis of the Johannesson et al. Conjecture
No full textIn 1996 Johannesson et al. published a paper in this journal entitled “The Value of Private Safety versus the Value of Public Safety.” Based on preliminary evidence from a hypothetical contingent valuation study, these authors argue that consumers behave as “pure altruists” and reject the notion of paternalistic preferences for safety in a coercive tax setting. These pure altruists consider the cost of a program that might be imposed on other voters when they decide whether to vote for or against public safety programs. The authors conclude that further empirical research in this area is warranted. This paper presents a set of laboratory economics experiments to test Johannesson et al.’s conjecture under controlled conditions in which participants face an actual risk of financial loss. The laboratory results extend those of Johannesson et al., providing strong evidence of pure altruism but limited support for paternalistic altruism for risk.Altruism, risk, voting, public goods, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty, D81, D64, H41, C91, C92, D72,
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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3346: Samuel G. Freedman, author, 2013
No full textPhotograph of author Samuel G. Freedman, at NT Daily Slash meeting in the Mayborn School of Journalism at UNT
The Right to Strike under the United States Constitution: Theory, Practice, and Possible Implications for Canada
No full textAnswering critics of the Canadian Supreme Court's judgment in B.C. Health, the author argues that the Court laid the foundation for a principled and durable doctrine protecting constitutional labour rights, one that goes directly to the heart of the matter — the inequality of workers’ power in the employment relation. In the author’s view, two paths could lead from B.C. Health to the recognition of Charter protec- tion for a right to strike: one that treats the right as an accessory to col- lective bargaining, and one that upholds the right directly on the basis of the Charter values of equality and participation. The author supports the latter approach, contending that constitutional rights should be defined in relation to fundamental values, in a way that is not contingent on time-bound or fact-sensitive assessments about the role of strikes within a particular collective bargaining regime. Although a Charter right to strike may involve the courts in difficult choices about when to defer to legislative policy decisions, and courts may lack the institutional capac- ity to deal effectively with labour law issues, the author points out that judges can look to ILO standards for expert guidance. Noting that the U.S. experience in this area might be of considerable use to Canadians, the author concludes by providing an overview of American case law concerning a constitutional right to strike.Peer reviewe
Combined oral contraceptives : impact on the vulvar vestibular mucosa and pain mechanisms
No full textObjective: The main aim of this thesis was to study the impact of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on the vulvar vestibular mucosa and pain mechanisms; in healthy women and in women with provoked vestibulodynia (former vulvar vestibulitis syndrome). The somatosensory perception in the vulvar vestibular mucosa of healthy women was studied with the relation to COC. An endogenous pain inhibitory response called diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) was examined in healthy women with or without COC and in women with provoked vestibulodynia. The morphology and steroid receptor expression in healthy women during the influence of COC and during the menstrual cycle and in women with provoked vestibulodynia was evaluated.Material and Methods: Thirty four women with provoked vestibulodynia, 60 healthy women using COC and 64 healthy non COC users participated in the studies. Quantitative sensory tests, including mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the vulvar vestibule were performed. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured before and during a cold pressor test to provoke a DNIC, or "pain inhibits pain" response. Vestibular biopsies were collected for morphological analyses. The amount and distribution of estrogen receptors a and 0, progesterone receptors A and B, glucocorticoid receptor, androgen receptor and the proliferation marker Ki67 were estimated using immunohistochemistry followed by computerized image analysis.Results: The mechanical pain thresholds were significantly lower in women using COC than in non users. An intact DNIC response was present in all three groups as illustrated by a significantly increased PPT during cold noxious stimulation. Compared with the healthy women, the patients displayed lower PPTs, both before and during the cold pressor test. The vulvar vestibular mucosa displayed a larger interdermal papilla distance in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. A similar morphological feature was seen in COC users and there was also a larger distance from the dermal papillae to the epithelial surface compared with controls. Histopathological assessments showed a higher amount of superficial blood vessels in the COC users. The vestibular stromal tissue expressed more ERbeta in women with COC than in women without. PRB was more abundant in the stromal. tissue in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase. There was a significantly higher expression of Eralpha in both the epithelium and the stroma in the specimens of the vestibulodynia patients compared with that of controls.Conclusions: COC may induce an increased sensitivity in the vestibular mucosa in healthy women and might be one contributing factor in the development of provoked vestibulodynia. An altered morphological pattern and changes in the expression of various hormone receptors in women using COC and during the luteal, phase indicates a gestagenic effect on the mucosa. There is a systemic hypersensitivity in women with provoked vestibulodynia; however the endogenous pain inhibition seems comparable to that of healthy women irrespective of COC use. The increased expression of Eralpha in women with provoked vestibulodynia, without an effect on the epithelial morphology, may be related to an ongoing neurogenic inflammation in the mucosa.List of scientific papersI. Bohm-Starke N, Johannesson U, Hilliges M, Rylander E, Torebjork E (2004). Decreased mechanical pain threshold in the vestibular mucosa of women using oral contraceptives: a contributing factor in vulvar vestibulitis? J Reprod Med. 49(11): 888-92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15603099 II. Johannesson U, de Boussard CN, Brodda Jansen G, Bohm-Starke N (2007). Evidence of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) elicited by cold noxious stimulation in patients with provoked vestibulodynia. Pain. 130(1-2): 31-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.022 III. Johannesson U, Blomgren B, Hilliges M, Rylander E, Bohm-Starke N (2007). The vulval vestibular mucosa-morphological effects of oral contraceptives and menstrual cycle. Br J Dermatol. 157(3): 487-93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17627793 IV. Johannesson U, Sahlin L, Masironi B, Rylander E, Bohm-Starke N (2007). Steroid receptor expression in the vulvar vestibular mucosa-effects of oral contraceptives and menstrual cycle. [Accepted] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17900445 V. Johannesson U, Sahlin L, Masironi B, Blomgren B, Hilliges M, Rylander E, Bohm-Starke N (2007). Steroid receptor expression and morphology in provoked vestibulodynia. [Accepted] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.09.041 </p
Environmental exposure to fine particles in Gothenburg - personal exposure and its variability, indoor and outdoor levels, and effects on biomarkers
No full textUrban particulate air pollution has been associated with adverse health effects in epidemiological as well as experimental studies. The overall aim of this thesis was to characterize environmental exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), black smoke (BS) and particulate trace elements among the general adult population in Gothenburg. Exposure was assessed during 24 hours by personal sampling on 30 subjects, along with parallel residential indoor and outdoor measurements and fixed-site urban background monitoring. Repeated samplings were performed for 20 individuals. In a subsequent study, short-term effects of exposure to urban air pollution on blood biomarkers were examined in healthy volunteers.
The mean personal exposure to PM2.5 was 12 µg/m3 (95% CI 9.6-14 µg/m3). There was a strong correlation (rs=0.71) between personal exposure and indoor levels of PM2.5, and a moderate correlation between personal exposure and urban background levels (rs=0.61). Personal exposure exceeded residential outdoor levels for PM2.5 and for several of the trace elements also the urban background levels. Air mass origin affected urban background levels of PM2.5, BS and several trace elements, and also personal exposure to some elements derived from combustion processes. Determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5 were season, smoking and the urban background levels. The within-person variance component dominated the variability of personal exposure to PM2.5, BS and trace elements for non-smokers. Large within-person variance components point to the importance of performing repeated sampling when assessing environmental exposures. Levels of biomarkers were not found to be increased after days with elevated levels of ambient air pollution compared with low levels in healthy adults. Since there is no evidence of a threshold level below which no health effects of PM occur, further reduction of exposure to particulate air pollution would result in significant health benefits within the population of Gothenburg
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