1,720,978 research outputs found
Methodological Aspects of Environmental Labour Market Analysis
Full text linkHigh and persistent unemployment rates and increasing awareness of environmental degradation in many industrial countries have promoted the interest in the labour market effects of environmental policy. Environmental labour market analysis is fraught with many difficulties, however. Being unaware of these problems may result in misunderstandings and mislead policy makers. In environmental labour market analysis two kinds of questions have to be distinguished: firstly, accounting for the number of persons working directly or indirectly for environmental protection activities and secondly, identifying the net effect of environmental policy on the labour market balance. Answering the first question is not conceptionally contentious. However, elaborating quantitative estimates poses a variety of problems of delimitation and data collection which are discussed in some detail in section 2. This section also presents the results of studies assessing environmental employment in Germany in various dimensions. Section 3 deals with problems arising when one attempts to answer the question of how many additional jobs are created through environmental policies. This requires an assessment of secondary economic effects of environmental policy the size and even the direction of which depend on a variety of framework conditions in a complex way. Quantitative estimates can only be based on model simulations; thus the features of the models applied become crucial for the results. Some rules for making such estimates are discussed. The most important mechanisms to be taken into account are presented. Some examples of empirical studies for Germany are presented in order to illustrate the argument. The most important conclusion we draw is that the delimitations, methods and assumptions underlying any estimates of the labour market effects of environmental policy have to be clearly stated.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Emissionshandel mit Treibhausgasen in der Europäischen Union
Full text linkAm 23. Oktober 2001 legte die Europäische Kommission einen Richtlinienvorschlag zur Schaffung eines Emissionshandels innerhalb der Europäischen Union vor. Dieser Emissionshandel würde sich in seiner Wirkungsweise mit den bereits bestehenden ökonomischen und ordnungsrechtlichen Instrumenten des Klimaschutzes überschneiden. Das ifo Institut hat im Auftrag des Bayerischen Staatsministeriums für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen diesen Richtlinienvorschlag der Europäischen Kommission im Hinblick auf seine Kompatibilität mit den bereits vorhandenen klimapolitischen Instrumenten evaluiert und eine alternative Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit eines CO2-Emissionshandels unter Einbeziehung der Ökosteuer, des Anlagenzulassungsrechts, der Selbstverpflichtungserklärung der deutschen Wirtschaft und der flexiblen Instrumente des Kyoto-Protokolls entwickelt.Îmmissionsschutz, Klimaveränderung, Außenhandel, EU-Staaten
Entsorgungswirtschaft: Mit verhaltenen Erwartungen in das Jahr 2005
Full text linkDie Konzentration schritt in der traditionell mittelständisch geprägten Entsorgungsbranche in 2002 nach wie vor voran. Bei kaum veränderter Größenstruktur wuchsen die Umsatzanteile der Unternehmen in der höchsten Größenklasse weiter: Nur 5,3% der Entsorgungsunternehmen erzielten einen Jahresumsatz von mehr als 10 Mill. €; sie vereinten aber 65,4% des Jahresumsatzes auf sich. 69,7% der Unternehmen wiesen dagegen einen Jahresumsatz von weniger als 1 Mill. € aus; auf sie entfielen aber nur 6,6% des Branchenumsatzes. Im mittleren Bereich zwischen 1 und 10 Mill. € Jahresumsatz befanden sich 25,0% der Unternehmen mit knapp 28,0% Umsatzanteil. Für das Jahr 2005 erwarten, nach einer Umfrage des Bundesverbandes der deutschen Entsorgungswirtschaft, rund 25% der Befragten steigende, aber fast 40% zurückgehende Umsätze. Insgesamt rechnet rund die Hälfte der Unternehmen für das erste Halbjahr 2005 wie auch für die kommenden Jahre mit einer weiteren Verschlechterung der Gesamtsituation in der Entsorgungswirtschaft. Die Stimmung in der Branche bleibt angesichts der schwer einzuschätzenden Entwicklung der Rahmenbedingungen weiterhin angespannt.Abfallwirtschaft, Verpackungsindustrie, Branche, Unternehmen, Deutschland
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Entsorgungswirtschaft: Branchenkonjunktur wieder aufwärts gerichtet
Full text linkNach einer Stagnation während der ersten Hälfte dieses Jahrzehnts sind die Umsätze in der Entsorgungswirtschaft in den letzten Jahren wieder gestiegen. In jüngster Zeit treiben vor allem die steigenden Rohstoffpreise die Nachfrage nach Sekundärrohstoffen und damit auch die Branchenentwicklung in der Entsorgungswirtschaft voran. Nach 7% Umsatzwachstum in 2007 erwarten die Mitgliedsunternehmen des Bundesverbandes Sekundärrohstoffe und Recycling für das Jahr 2008 noch einen Zuwachs von knapp 2%.Abfallwirtschaft, Branchenkonjunktur, Umsatz, Deutschland
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