1,721,017 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dietary polyphenols as modulators of lipid oxidation and mitochondrial function
No full textInleiding: Er zijn dringend preventieve strategieën nodig om de progressie van obesitas en type 2 diabetes te vertragen. Momenteel is er veel interesse in het gebruik van polyphenolen om deze ziekten te bestrijden. Men veronderstelt dat de combinatie van de polyphenolen epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol (RSV) en genistein (GEN) vetoxidatie, lipolyse en mitochondriele functie kan verbeteren.
Doel: Het onderzoeken van de korte termijn effecten van de combinatie van 2 (EGCG en RSV) en 3 (EGCG, RSV en GEN) polyphenolen op vetoxidatie, lipolyse en mitochondriele functie in personen met overgewicht.
Studieopzet: Voor deze studie werd er een dubbel geblindeerd, random, placebo gecontroleerd cross-over opzet gebruikt. In totaal zullen 18 mensen met overgewicht (9 mannen en 9 vrouwen) in willekeurige volgorde de combinatie van EGCG en RSV met of zonder de toevoeging van GEN en een placebo behandeling krijgen voor 3 dagen. In deze thesis werden de resultaten van 6 proefpersonen gea
Dietary polyphenols as modulators of lipid oxidation and mitochondrial function
No full textInleiding: Er zijn dringend preventieve strategieën nodig om de progressie van obesitas en type 2 diabetes te vertragen. Momenteel is er veel interesse in het gebruik van polyphenolen om deze ziekten te bestrijden. Men veronderstelt dat de combinatie van de polyphenolen epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol (RSV) en genistein (GEN) vetoxidatie, lipolyse en mitochondriele functie kan verbeteren.
Doel: Het onderzoeken van de korte termijn effecten van de combinatie van 2 (EGCG en RSV) en 3 (EGCG, RSV en GEN) polyphenolen op vetoxidatie, lipolyse en mitochondriele functie in personen met overgewicht.
Studieopzet: Voor deze studie werd er een dubbel geblindeerd, random, placebo gecontroleerd cross-over opzet gebruikt. In totaal zullen 18 mensen met overgewicht (9 mannen en 9 vrouwen) in willekeurige volgorde de combinatie van EGCG en RSV met of zonder de toevoeging van GEN en een placebo behandeling krijgen voor 3 dagen. In deze thesis werden de resultaten van 6 proefpersonen gea
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Prolyl Carboxypeptidase Activity Is Present in Human Adipose Tissue and Is Elevated in Serum of Obese Men with Type 2 Diabetes
No full textProlyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP) is involved in metabolic disorders by hydrolyzing anorexigenic peptides. A link between serum PRCP activity and obesity has been reported, but its origin/source is still unclear. Previously proven correlations between human serum PRCP activity and the amount of adipose tissue may suggest that adipose tissue is an important source of circulating PRCP. We investigated PRCP activity in visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SCAT), skeletal muscle tissue and serum of lean and obese men with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Correlations between PRCP activity, metabolic and biochemical parameters and immune cell populations were assessed. PRCP activity was the highest in VAT, compared to SCAT, and was very low in skeletal muscle tissue in the overall group. Serum PRCP activity was significantly higher in T2-diabetic obese men, compared to lean and obese non-diabetic men, and was positively correlated with glycemic control. A positive correlation was observed between serum PRCP activity and VAT immune cell populations, which might indicate that circulating PRCP activity is deriving rather from the immune fraction than from adipocytes. In conclusion, PRCP activity was observed in human adipose tissue for the first time and serum PRCP activity is correlated with T2D in obese men
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Coordinated regulation of adipose tissue adrenergic- and non-adrenergic-mediated lipolysis during exercise in lean and obese individuals: the effect of exercise training
No full textBackground and aims: Adipose tissue dysfunction, which includes impairments in (adipose tissue) lipolysis, contributes to insulin resistance. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) lipolysis in obesity is characterized by catecholamine resistance and an impaired ANP responsiveness. It remains to be established whether exercise training improves nonadrenergically-mediated lipolysis, next to the adrenergic pathway, in metabolically compromised conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of local combined α- and β-adrenergic receptor blockade on SCAT lipolysis in obese insulin sensitive (IS), obese insulin resistant (IR) and age-matched lean IS men. Moreover, obese individuals underwent endurance and resistance exercise training to improve metabolic profile and (non-)adrenergically-mediated SCAT lipolysis. Materials and methods: Abdominal SCAT lipolysis was investigated in 10 obese IS, 10 obese IR and 10 age-matched lean IS men using microdialysis in the presence or absence of local combined α-and β-adrenergic receptor blockade (100 μmol/l phentolamine and 100 μmol/l propranolol) at rest, during 60 min of low-intense (40% VO2max) endurance-type exercise and recovery. Systemic responses were investigated using venous blood sampling. Obese individuals participated in a supervised, endurance and resistance exercise training intervention for 12 weeks (3 sessions/week) after which the microdialysis measurements were repeated in obese IR men. Results: The exercise-induced increase in abdominal SCAT glycerol concentrations (expressed as total area under the curve) was more pronounced in obese IS (81%) and IR (34%) as compared to lean individuals (Pgroup=0.012). Abdominal SCAT lipolysis was significantly reduced (by ~40%, P=0.020) following local combined α-/βadrenoceptor blockade in obese IS individuals only. Despite significant improvements in body composition, physical fitness and exercise-induced changes in circulating free fatty acids, lactate and adrenalin, exercise intervention did not significantly affect (non-)adrenergically-mediated lipolysis in abdominal SCAT of obese IR individuals. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a major contribution of non-adrenergically-mediated lipolysis during exercise in abdominal SCAT of lean and obese individuals. Furthermore, a 12-week exercise training program improved metabolic profile and body composition in obese individuals, but did not affect abdominal SCAT lipolysis. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02418728Research Foundation Flanders (FWO
Coordinated regulation of adipose tissue adrenergic- and non-adrenergic-mediated lipolysis during exercise in lean and obese individuals: the effect of exercise training
No full textBackground and aims: Adipose tissue dysfunction, which includes impairments in (adipose tissue) lipolysis, contributes to insulin resistance. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) lipolysis in obesity is characterized by catecholamine resistance and an impaired ANP responsiveness. It remains to be established whether exercise training improves nonadrenergically-mediated lipolysis, next to the adrenergic pathway, in metabolically compromised conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of local combined α- and β-adrenergic receptor blockade on SCAT lipolysis in obese insulin sensitive (IS), obese insulin resistant (IR) and age-matched lean IS men. Moreover, obese individuals underwent endurance and resistance exercise training to improve metabolic profile and (non-)adrenergically-mediated SCAT lipolysis. Materials and methods: Abdominal SCAT lipolysis was investigated in 10 obese IS, 10 obese IR and 10 age-matched lean IS men using microdialysis in the presence or absence of local combined α-and β-adrenergic receptor blockade (100 μmol/l phentolamine and 100 μmol/l propranolol) at rest, during 60 min of low-intense (40% VO2max) endurance-type exercise and recovery. Systemic responses were investigated using venous blood sampling. Obese individuals participated in a supervised, endurance and resistance exercise training intervention for 12 weeks (3 sessions/week) after which the microdialysis measurements were repeated in obese IR men. Results: The exercise-induced increase in abdominal SCAT glycerol concentrations (expressed as total area under the curve) was more pronounced in obese IS (81%) and IR (34%) as compared to lean individuals (Pgroup=0.012). Abdominal SCAT lipolysis was significantly reduced (by ~40%, P=0.020) following local combined α-/βadrenoceptor blockade in obese IS individuals only. Despite significant improvements in body composition, physical fitness and exercise-induced changes in circulating free fatty acids, lactate and adrenalin, exercise intervention did not significantly affect (non-)adrenergically-mediated lipolysis in abdominal SCAT of obese IR individuals. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a major contribution of non-adrenergically-mediated lipolysis during exercise in abdominal SCAT of lean and obese individuals. Furthermore, a 12-week exercise training program improved metabolic profile and body composition in obese individuals, but did not affect abdominal SCAT lipolysis. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02418728Research Foundation Flanders (FWO
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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