1,721,058 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Das Kompass-Menü
Full text linkThe nursing staff in German intensive care units encounters various challenges in
their daily work. The strained personnel situation increases the stress experienced.
The involved nurses bear a special responsibility for the care of critically ill patients
requiring mechanical ventilation. Particularly challenging is the phase of weaning
from ventilation, which represents an enormous physical and psychological strain for
the affected patients. Moreover, the communicative abilities of this patient group are
severely limited; they are mostly unable to express their basic needs. This can lead
to a prolonged healing process, inadequate pain management, delirium, and other
complications.
Solutions to improve the communication situation of these patients and reduce staff
workload are urgently needed. Existing aids and strategies are often perceived as
unhelpful by nursing personnel, or they lack knowledge about possible approaches.
Assistive technology and related design solutions based on established information and
communication technologies that can significantly improve limited communication
often require corresponding physical and cognitive capabilities in handling partially
complex and inflexible interaction devices.
This dissertation presents the human-centred development process of a novel assistive
system to support patient communication in the context of weaning from ventilation.
The main components include input via a new type of interaction device tailored to the
context’s requirements and the presentation of application content in a newly developed
circular menu technique called Compass Menu. The results of two laboratory studies
support positive conclusions about the usability and applicability of the system in the
context of weaning from ventilation.Das pflegerische Personal deutscher Intensivstationen steht täglich vor vielfältigen
Herausforderungen, die angespannte Personalsituation auf deutschen Intensivstationen
wirkt dabei als ein zusätzlicher Belastungsfaktor. Eine besondere Verantwortung tragen
die Beteiligten dabei für die Pflege von intensivpflichtigen Patienten, welche auf eine
maschinelle Beatmung angewiesen sind. Besonders herausfordernd ist die Phase der
Beatmungsentwöhnung, die für die Betroffenen eine enorme physische und psychische
Belastung darstellt. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass die kommunikativen Fähigkeiten
dieser Patientengruppe stark eingeschränkt sind, sodass sie zumeist nicht in der Lage
sind, ihre grundlegenden Bedürfnisse mitzuteilen. Dies kann zu einem längeren
Heilungsprozess, unzureichender Schmerzbehandlung, Delirium und weiteren Komplikationen
führen. Lösungsansätze zur Verbesserung der Kommunikationssituation mit
den entsprechenden Patienten sowie der Reduzierung der Arbeitslast werden dringend
benötigt.
Bestehende Hilfsmittel und Strategien werden vom pflegerischen Personal oft als wenig
hilfreich empfunden oder es fehlt ihnen an dem Wissen über mögliche Ansätze.
Bisherige technische Hilfsmittel und Gestaltungslösungen, welche die eingeschränkte
Kommunikation auf Basis etablierter Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien
deutlich verbessern können, setzen oft entsprechende körperliche und kognitive Möglichkeiten
im Umgang mit teilweise komplexen und wenig flexiblen Interaktionsgeräten
voraus.
In dieser Dissertation wird die menschzentrierte Entwicklung eines neuartigen Assistiven
Systems zur Unterstützung der Kommunikation von Patienten im Kontext
der Beatmungsentwöhnung vorgestellt. Die hervorzuhebenden Komponenten sind die
Eingabe über ein neuartiges, auf die Anforderungen des Kontexts angepasstes Interaktionsgerät
sowie die Darstellung der Anwendungsinhalte in einer neu entwickelten,
kreisförmigen Menütechnik mit der Bezeichnung Kompass-Menü. Die Ergebnisse
zweier Laborstudien stützen positive Prognosen hinsichtlich der Gebrauchstauglichkeit
und Anwendbarkeit des Systems im Kontext der Beatmungsentwöhnung
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ergonomic visualization of personal health data
No full textThe present dissertation deals with the ergonomic design of data visualizations. Four empirical studies were carried out, and a practical design and application recommendations were derived. Each study addressed one of the following steps within the user-centered development process: context analysis, task analysis, and evaluation. The first study (1a) examined health information needs of older adults through a qualitative-quantitative mixed-method design. Information needs were considered as a context and prerequisite for the visualization of health data. Different needs were identified: some deal with health data as a coping strategy, while others avoid health data for fear of causing or exacerbating illness. Many older people are already collecting paper-based health information as a basis for sharing with healthcare professionals or making decisions about their own health. Results of the first study motivated the further age-differentiated consideration of the ergonomic visualization of health data. Study 1b additionally demonstrated the expected relationship between information needs and technology usage on the basis of a representative German survey. According to the survey, an increased need for information leads to an increased use of mobile information and communication technology among older people. Study two identified e-health tasks and data types relevant for older people and e-health experts and summarized them into an empirically built general task-data-taxonomy. Practitioners can use this taxonomy to investigate functional system requirements, while researchers can use it to select experimental tasks for evaluation studies. Overall, time-based, multivariate data and health monitoring were the most relevant task and data type. Building on previous studies, in study 3 the influence of pre-attentive graphical features on the performance and demands of young, old and very old people in dealing with data visualizations was investigated. With regard to the task execution time and the number of errors, no age effects could be detected. However, in general the number of participants' findings on data decreased with age. While the difference between young and old people was only marginal, the amount of data obtained by the very elderly decreased significantly by about half. Pre-attentive features in data visualizations can reduce the performance measured in task execution time and reduce the error rate and mental workload
Analyse, Entwicklung und Erprobung von User Interfaces für die mobile Interaktion mit Online-Befragungen
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