1,720,959 research outputs found
Current practice regarding timing of patent processus vaginalis ligation for idiopathic hydrocele in young boys: a survey of UK surgeons
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the current UK practice regarding timing of surgical repair of hydroceles in young boys.Methods: Through a validated, online survey, participants were asked their preferred management option in five different clinical scenarios across five age ranges.Results: 71 responses were included in the analysis. The most common age to offer surgical intervention for a congenital hydrocele that is stable or increasing in size, or a hydrocele of the cord is 24-36 months. For a stable hydrocele presenting after 12 months of age, the most common age to offer repair is between 36 and 48 months. Approximately ¼ of respondents defer surgery until 4 years of age for any stable hydrocele. For a congenital hydrocele that is decreasing in size, the majority of respondents (57%) do not offer surgical intervention even over 4 years of age. The majority of respondents (61%) do not differentiate between communicating and non-communicating hydroceles when considering age for repair.Conclusion: These results suggest that there is uncertainty regarding the optimum age for PPV ligation and adequate underlying variability in practice to support a prospective study of the optimum age for hydrocele repair and the natural history of PPV closure.<br/
Assessment and management of paediatric hydrocoele and hernia - a guide for the non specialist
No full textContemporary management of pyloric stenosis.
No full textHypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common surgical cause of vomiting in infants. Following appropriate fluid resuscitation, the mainstay of treatment is pyloromyotomy. This article reviews the aetiology and pathophysiology of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, its clinical presentation, the role of imaging, the preoperative and postoperative management, current surgical approaches and non-surgical treatment options. Contemporary postoperative feeding regimens, outcomes and complications are also discussed
Does thoracoscopy have advantages over open surgery for asymptomatic congenital lung malformations? An analysis of 1626 resections
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The management of boys under 3 months of age with an inguinal hernia and ipsilateral palpable undescended testis
No full textAims: The optimal management for boys under 3-months of age with an indirect inguinal hernia (IIH) and ipsilateral palpable undescended testis (IPUDT) is unknown. We aimed to: 1) determine the current practice for managing these boys across the UK, and 2) compare outcomes of different treatment strategies.Methodology: We undertook two studies. Firstly, we completed a National Survey of all surgeons on the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons email list in 2014. Subsequently, we undertook a multi-centre, retrospective, 10-year (2005-2015) review across 4 paediatric surgery centres of boys under 3 months of age with concomitant IIH and IPUDT. Primary outcome was testicular atrophy. Secondary outcomes included need for subsequent orchidopexy, testicular ascent and hernia recurrence. Data are median (range). Chi squared test and multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis were used for analysis; p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Survey: Consultant practice varies widely across the UK, with a tendency towards performing concurrent orchidopexy at the time of herniotomy under 3-months of age. Concurrent orchidopexy is favoured less in cases where the hernia is symptomatic.Case Series Review: Forty-one boys with 43 concomitant IIH and IPUDT were identified, and all included. 32 (74%) hernias were reducible, 11 (26%) were symptomatic requiring urgent or emergency repair. Post-conceptual age at surgery was 45 weeks (36-65). Primary operations included: 29 (67%) open hernia repair and standard orchidopexy, 8 (19%) open hernia repair with future orchidopexy if required, 4 (9%) laparoscopic hernia repair with future orchidopexy if required, 2 (5%) open hernia repair and suturing of the testis to the inverted scrotum without scrotal incision. Variation in atrophy rate between different surgical approaches did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.42). Overall atrophy rate was 18%. If hernia repair alone was undertaken (8 open and 4 laparoscopic), the testis did not descend in 8 patients, requiring subsequent orchidopexy (67%); if orchidopexy was undertaken at the time of hernia repair, 1 in 29 required a repeat orchidopexy (3%) (p=0.0001). No hernia recurred.Conclusion: This study suggests that orchidopexy at the time of inguinal herniotomy does not increase the risk of testicular atrophy in boys under 3 months of age
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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