196,403 research outputs found
Investigating the Internal Struggle Hypothesis of Suicide: Differential Assessments of Suicidal States Using Reasons for Living and Reasons for Dying Qualitative Responses
No full textSuicide is a national health crisis, with over 32,000 people taking their own lives each year in the United States alone (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2014). Despite the seriousness of the behavior, mental health providers are often ill-equipped to effectively assess and treat suicidal individuals (Jobes, Rudd, Overholser, & Joiner, 2008). Researchers have proposed various theories and conducted extensive empirical research in attempts to develop more effective clinical assessments of suicidal risk. Of particular interest to the current study are efforts to understand suicide risk as a spectrum of suicidal thinking. Kovacs and Beck (1977) were among the first to theorize and investigate suicide risk in this fashion when they developed their "Internal Struggle Hypothesis," that describes the phenomenon of psychological ambivalence towards living and dying that is commonly seen among people experiencing a suicidal crisis (Brown et al., 2005; Jobes & Mann, 1999; Linehan, Goodstein, Nielsen, & Chiles, 1983). Jobes and Mann (1999) examined aspects of the "internal struggle" by developing the qualitative "Reasons for Living vs. Reasons for Dying (RFL/RFD) Assessment." They theorized that combining both of these constructs into a single assessment could lead to much more clinically significant information that would inform the overall suicide risk assessment and provide useful information relevant to treatment. The primary purpose of this exploratory investigation was to reliably code a sample of suicide attempters' qualitative written content responses to the RFL/RFD Assessment developed by Jobes (2006) as a first step in a new line of research in this area. Beyond reliably coding these qualitative data, the study examined psychological differences between sub-types of suicide attempters derived from the coding as measured on 10 different standardized measures pertaining to suicide risk and mental health. Regression analyses found significant differences among suicidal patient typologies on multiple standardized risk assessment measures. Overall, relationally-oriented, life-motivated patients present the lowest level of suicide risk, while self-oriented, death-motivated patients presented the highest level of suicide risk. These findings suggest that developing social connectedness and cultivating reasons for living may reduce suicide risk.Degree awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of Americ
Self-Orientation and Relational-Orientation in Suicidal Risk: Possible Facilitative and Protective Aspects
No full textDegree awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of AmericaUnderstanding the mindset of the suicidal patient is still one of the most critical and challenging tasks that a clinician can encounter. Various efforts have been made that help to explain the suicidal person's motivation via frameworks pertaining to the individual's self-orientation vs. a relational-orientation (Jobes, 1995). On one hand, various theoretical models and empirical investigations point to such things as a desire to escape negative self-image as a frequent motivator for suicide (e.g., Baumeister, 1990; Jobes & Mann, 1999). Conversely the literature shows that interpersonal relationships play a major role in the thinking of suicidal people. This interpersonal focus has even been shown to function as both a protective factor, in that the individual will refrain from suicide to avoid emotionally harming loved ones (e.g., Harris & McLean, 2007), as well as a facilitative factor in that suicidal acts are often preceded by feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to loved ones (Joiner, 2005). The present study attempted to better understand this complex relationship between an orientation towards oneself, an orientation towards others, and suicide risk potential by investigating these constructs in a sample of 108 psychiatric inpatients who had been admitted with suicidal ideation or behaviors at the Mayo Clinic in the Midwestern United States. Participants provided qualitative responses to prompts asking for such things as their reasons for living, reasons for dying, descriptions of psychological pain and self-hate. These self-generated responses were then reliably coded as either "self-focused" or "relationally-focused," and then analyzed in association with several key suicide risk factors. Results show that greater self-orientation was significantly, but inconsistently, related to suicide risk level. All self-generated qualitative responses were also coded as either "suicide-facilitating" or "suicide-preventative" to investigate any possible interaction with the self/relational-orientations. Significant interactions were detected, and the suicide-facilitating and suicide-preventative qualitative codes proved to be highly predictive of a patient's relative risk level in their own right. This factor was significantly related to each of the risk variables it was tested against, suggesting that a person's qualitative description of their own suicidality could be immensely valuable as a form of risk assessment.Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-24T17:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Differentiating and Investigating Acute and Chronic Typologies of Suicidal Patients Using Quantitative and Qualitative Suicide Status Form (SSF) Responses
No full textDegree awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of AmericaThis dissertation can be viewed by CUA users only.The Suicide Status Form (SSF) was developed by Jobes and colleagues (1997) to provide a standardized, clinically useful multipurpose assessment, treatment, and tracking clinical tool for suicidal patients. Research conducted using the SSF to date has pursued a larger effort within suicidology to study and potentially identify specific typologies of suicidal patents (e.g., chronic vs. acute), who may have uniquely different clinical presentations and responses to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of the two quantitatively derived factor loadings of the "Core SSF Assessment" recently identified by Conrad et al (2009) that differentiated chronic (Factor 1) and acute (Factor 2) styles of responding to the SSF. Following this work, the current study attempted to explore the phenomenological differences between these two different suicidal presentations using qualitative data from three sections from the SSF: (a) the Core SSF Assessment, (b) the qualitative "Reasons for Living vs. Reasons for Dying Assessment," and (c) the qualitative "One Thing" Assessment. In this study, two experts in clinical suicidology classified 97 suicidal inpatients as chronically or acutely suicidal based on demographic, diagnostic, and suicidal attempt history data. This expert sort yielded n=39 individuals classified as chronically suicidal, with n=58 classified as acutely suicidal. Based on this sort, logistic regression analyses were performed using the quantitative rating responses from the Core SSF Assessment to determine if the previously identified two factors from Conrad et al (2009) study were indeed significant predictors of expert rated chronic vs. acute suicidality, respectively. High SSF rating scores on the empirically derived Factor 1 loading were found to significantly predict the expert sorted chronic cases; however SSF rating scores pertaining to the Factor 2 loading did not predict expert sorted acute cases. Additional chi-square statistics demonstrated that interpersonal concerns appeared to be particularly meaningful for both chronically and acutely suicidal individuals, and were observed to contribute to both suicidal states and life-sustaining beliefs. These seemingly contradictory findings raise a paradox for the suicidal individual, where the very relationships that can give an individual reason to live, can also seem to motivate a person towards suicide.Submitted by Shanyun Zhang ([email protected]) on 2013-05-09T17:02:05Z
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Previous issue date: 2010-01-0
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Aspects of the breeding biology of the redhead duck
No full textDue to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Bibliography: leaves 49-55.Not availabl
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
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