1,720,978 research outputs found
Self-Orientation and Relational-Orientation in Suicidal Risk: Possible Facilitative and Protective Aspects
No full textDegree awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of AmericaUnderstanding the mindset of the suicidal patient is still one of the most critical and challenging tasks that a clinician can encounter. Various efforts have been made that help to explain the suicidal person's motivation via frameworks pertaining to the individual's self-orientation vs. a relational-orientation (Jobes, 1995). On one hand, various theoretical models and empirical investigations point to such things as a desire to escape negative self-image as a frequent motivator for suicide (e.g., Baumeister, 1990; Jobes & Mann, 1999). Conversely the literature shows that interpersonal relationships play a major role in the thinking of suicidal people. This interpersonal focus has even been shown to function as both a protective factor, in that the individual will refrain from suicide to avoid emotionally harming loved ones (e.g., Harris & McLean, 2007), as well as a facilitative factor in that suicidal acts are often preceded by feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to loved ones (Joiner, 2005). The present study attempted to better understand this complex relationship between an orientation towards oneself, an orientation towards others, and suicide risk potential by investigating these constructs in a sample of 108 psychiatric inpatients who had been admitted with suicidal ideation or behaviors at the Mayo Clinic in the Midwestern United States. Participants provided qualitative responses to prompts asking for such things as their reasons for living, reasons for dying, descriptions of psychological pain and self-hate. These self-generated responses were then reliably coded as either "self-focused" or "relationally-focused," and then analyzed in association with several key suicide risk factors. Results show that greater self-orientation was significantly, but inconsistently, related to suicide risk level. All self-generated qualitative responses were also coded as either "suicide-facilitating" or "suicide-preventative" to investigate any possible interaction with the self/relational-orientations. Significant interactions were detected, and the suicide-facilitating and suicide-preventative qualitative codes proved to be highly predictive of a patient's relative risk level in their own right. This factor was significantly related to each of the risk variables it was tested against, suggesting that a person's qualitative description of their own suicidality could be immensely valuable as a form of risk assessment.Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-24T17:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Predictors of Behavioral and Physical Health Outcomes in U.S. Army Medics
No full textArmy medics provide medical aid on the battlefield. As such, medics are trained for and exposed to both potentially traumatic battle experiences, such as being shot at, and post-battle medical experiences, such as taking care of dying people. Using Adler and Castro's (2013) framework of military mental health, this study identifies predictors, mediators, and moderators of behavioral health in medics.In 2009, 324 U.S. Army medics completed surveys about deployment experiences, behavioral health symptoms, and other related factors, three months after returning from a combat deployment. All of the following analyses controlled statistically for socially desirable responding, which can artifactually inflate predictive effects of deployment demands on behavioral health. Both battle and medical experiences predicted symptoms of post-traumatic stress. However, battle experiences were only marginally related, and medical experiences were unrelated to symptoms of depression. We found support for a parallel, two mediator model of how deployment demands led to behavioral health symptoms. One mediator was negative cognitive reappraisals of threat to life, and the other mediator was positive cognitive reappraisals of the value of the deployment. The two mediating paths essentially cancelled each other out, as evidenced by weak or non-significant relationships between deployment demands and behavioral health symptoms. Additionally, getting enough sleep and perceiving support from one's unit or leadership appear to protect some medics with high battle experiences from behavioral health symptoms. Medics who reported higher levels of battle or medical experiences were not more likely to receive behavioral health treatment. Having a hardy personality appears to encourage some medics with high battle experiences to receive behavioral health treatment. Higher levels of battle or medical experiences also predicted higher levels of PTS, which in turn predicted behavioral health treatment. Potentially traumatic deployment demands have both positive and negative effects on behavioral health via one's reappraisal of the threatening nature of the event and of one's overall view of deployment. While the demands of combat deployment cannot be changed, training to improve sleep, hardiness, unit support, leadership support, and view of deployment may reduce the negative effects of these experiences. Our findings warrant the further study of such interventions and their effect on behavioral health symptoms and treatment.Degree awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of Americ
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Differentiating and Investigating Acute and Chronic Typologies of Suicidal Patients Using Quantitative and Qualitative Suicide Status Form (SSF) Responses
No full textDegree awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of AmericaThis dissertation can be viewed by CUA users only.The Suicide Status Form (SSF) was developed by Jobes and colleagues (1997) to provide a standardized, clinically useful multipurpose assessment, treatment, and tracking clinical tool for suicidal patients. Research conducted using the SSF to date has pursued a larger effort within suicidology to study and potentially identify specific typologies of suicidal patents (e.g., chronic vs. acute), who may have uniquely different clinical presentations and responses to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of the two quantitatively derived factor loadings of the "Core SSF Assessment" recently identified by Conrad et al (2009) that differentiated chronic (Factor 1) and acute (Factor 2) styles of responding to the SSF. Following this work, the current study attempted to explore the phenomenological differences between these two different suicidal presentations using qualitative data from three sections from the SSF: (a) the Core SSF Assessment, (b) the qualitative "Reasons for Living vs. Reasons for Dying Assessment," and (c) the qualitative "One Thing" Assessment. In this study, two experts in clinical suicidology classified 97 suicidal inpatients as chronically or acutely suicidal based on demographic, diagnostic, and suicidal attempt history data. This expert sort yielded n=39 individuals classified as chronically suicidal, with n=58 classified as acutely suicidal. Based on this sort, logistic regression analyses were performed using the quantitative rating responses from the Core SSF Assessment to determine if the previously identified two factors from Conrad et al (2009) study were indeed significant predictors of expert rated chronic vs. acute suicidality, respectively. High SSF rating scores on the empirically derived Factor 1 loading were found to significantly predict the expert sorted chronic cases; however SSF rating scores pertaining to the Factor 2 loading did not predict expert sorted acute cases. Additional chi-square statistics demonstrated that interpersonal concerns appeared to be particularly meaningful for both chronically and acutely suicidal individuals, and were observed to contribute to both suicidal states and life-sustaining beliefs. These seemingly contradictory findings raise a paradox for the suicidal individual, where the very relationships that can give an individual reason to live, can also seem to motivate a person towards suicide.Submitted by Shanyun Zhang ([email protected]) on 2013-05-09T17:02:05Z
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Previous issue date: 2010-01-0
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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