26 research outputs found
Cellular decision making at the nanoscale
Get PDFThe well-established dependence of cell traction forces on the compliance of supporting matrices has been attributed to levels of force exerted on components in focal contacts. Here, use of novel, force-limited nanoscale tension gauges revealed that both force and substrate deformations govern cell decision-making during initial attachment to compliant substrates. We propose a mechanical model consistent with observed behavior. Upon formation of stable cell contacts, bond tension and tether rupture govern cell attachment, spreading, and focal adhesion maturation at force levels on individual receptors predicted by prior studies.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Zainab Rahil, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-27 at 06:49.The student, Zainab Rahil, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-04-27 at 06:55.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-04-29 at 14:30.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9538 on 2017-09-29 at 11:12:58Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Cells and force transduction
Get PDFThis thesis studies mechanism involved in propagating force generated at cadherin complexes. The first part of this thesis demonstrates that mechanotransduction at classical cadherin complexes is not only ligand-dependent but also dependent on the respective receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) binding partner of cadherin. This involvement of RTKs at cadherin complexes is important in propagating force transduction globally, implying that force transduction at cadherin complexes is not restricted to cell-cell junctions but is also propagated globally via the mediation of its respective RTK binding partner. These results suggest that homophilic ligation in trans- and cadherin association with cognate receptor tyrosine kinase in cis comprises a combinatorial, mechano-chemical switch. That is, specific combinations of cadherin, ligand, and RTK is required for force-activated RTK-dependent signaling, activation of cell contractility, and cytoskeletal remodeling at perturbed cadherin adhesions. These findings confirm that cadherins form both homophilic and heterophilic bonds, but homophilic cadherin ligation selectively triggers cadherin-associated RTK signals that mechanically reinforce homophilic, but not heterophilic cadherin adhesions, thereby stabilizing homophilic adhesions and amplifying binding differences. This study demonstrates that this mechano-chemical switch is not governed by cadherin adhesion differences, but requires a specific combination of cadherin ligand in trans- and RTK expression in cis to actuate force transduction signaling on rigid surfaces to propagate force transduction at a global level.
For the second part of this study used novel, force-limited nanoscale tension gauges to investigate how force and substrate stiffness guide cellular decision-making during initial cell attachment and spreading on deformable substrates. The well-established dependence of cell traction and spreading on substrate stiffness has been attributed to levels of force exerted on molecular components in focal contacts. The molecular tension gauges used in this study enabled direct estimates of the threshold, pico Newton forces that instructed decision-making at different stages of cell attachment, spreading, and adhesion maturation. These results further confirm that the force thresholds controlling adhesion and spreading transitions depend on substrate stiffness. Reported findings agree semi-quantitatively with a proposed model that attributes rigidity-dependent differences in cell spreading to stiffness-dependent rates of competing biochemical processesSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Zainab Rahil, accepted the attached license on 2018-11-08 at 12:34.The student, Zainab Rahil, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-11-08 at 12:48.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-11-13 at 10:27.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13072 on 2019-02-08 at 11:38:31Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-08T18:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-11-13Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109931
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Conservative Management of Pott's Spine and Its Outcome: An Institute-Based Observational Study
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the functional outcome of cases with Pott’s disease treated solely by antitubercular drugs.Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary care medical college. Sixty patients with Pott’s disease were included in this study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients received antitubercular drugs for nine months. The Modified McCormick Scale (MSS) was used to assess the outcome of patients.Results: Out of 60 patients, 37 (61.67%) were females, and 23 (38.33%) were males, with an M: F ratio of 1:0.62. Most patients had some or the other risk factors and belonged to low socioeconomic status. The most common presenting complaint was low back pain, and the thoracolumbar spine was most commonly involved. There was a significant improvement in the patient’s functional status as assessed by the MSS score.Conclusion: If diagnosed early, patients with Pott’s disease can be treated solely by antitubercular treatment with excellent outcomes
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF TENNIS ELBOW (LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS) TREATED BY LOCAL INJECTION OF PLATELET RICH PLASMA
Get PDFObjective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of local injection of platelet rich plasma in management of patients with tennis elbow who failed to respond to conservative management.
Methods: This was a prospective and cohort study in which 80 patients with lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details were noted. Patients were treated by local injection of autologous platelet rich plasma. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Relief of pain as well as functional improvement was assessed by patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) score. SSPS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 80 studied cases, there were 36 (45%) males and 44 (55%) females with a M: F ratio of 1:1.22. The mean age of male (42.77±9.95 years) as well as female (41.06±9.56 years) was found to be comparable. Nineteen (23.75%) patients were involved in plumbing, 16 (20%) patients were involved in activities that required forceful use of screwdrivers such as electric work, 8 (10%) patients were involved in gardening, and 7 (8.75%) patients were involved in production or laying of bricks. Twelve (15%) patients were professional tennis player. The mean PRTEE score was 74.24±9.74 at the time of presentation. There was significant reduction in PRTEE score during follow-up and at the time of last follow-up visit, PRTEE score was found to be 8.32±2.56.
Conclusion: Local injection of autologous platelet rich plasma is effective in managing patients of lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) who fail to respond to conservative management
Mechanism and performance evaluation of spent-coffee grounds-derived nanocomposite materials for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant
No full textThe study demonstrates a facile and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of hydrochar generated from readily available biomass waste, i.e., spent coffee grounds (SCGs), using a simple sol–gel process. The hydrochar served as a support for TiO2, reducing the rate at which electrons and holes recombine during photocatalysis, thereby facilitating the effective binding of TiO2, enhancing its adsorption capacity, and the convenient separation of the photocatalyst after usage. The materials were tested in the photocatalytic degradation of an organic pollutant, methylene blue (MB) dye. TiO2-hydrochar obtained at 210 ⁰C has the best performance, giving a degradation efficiency of 98.5 % and a mineralization efficiency of 87.1 % in 90 min at neutral pH. Radical trapping experiments showed
being the dominant species, followed by
. Besides, it showed superior stability with an activity loss of ∼ 9.2 % after five runs. The superior performance of the HCT210 was ascribed to the enhanced interfacial charge transfer kinetics between the TiO2 and hydrochar through
bond formation, better light absorption, and the high surface area of the materials. Performance metrics show that synthesized nanocomposites are promising photocatalysts, providing a biomass-assisted method for robust photocatalytic wastewater treatment.Killam TrustsNatural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC
House of Music : Festivity from city to seat
No full textHouse of Music : Festivity from city to seat.Concert HallArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Interiors Buildings Citie
VITAMIN D STATUS AND ITS EFFECT ON FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH HIP FRACTURE: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
No full textObjectives: The study aimed to study the Vitamin D status of adult patients presenting with hip fractures and analyze potential impact of Vitamin D status on outcome of these patients.
Methods: This was an observational study of Vitamin D status of patients presenting with hip fractures. It was conducted in the department of orthopedics of a tertiary care medical college. One hundred and twenty adult patients presenting with hip fractures were included in this study on the foundation of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details of all the patients such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status were noted. Vitamin D status of patients was determined and correlated with functional outcome at the time of final follow-up visit at 6 months.
Results: Among the 120 studied with hip fractures, 64 cases (53.33%) involved females, while 56 cases (46.67%) involved males having a M: F ratio of 1:1.14. The mean age of male and female patients was found to be 45.85±10.12 and 46.74±9.86 years. Overall, 65 (54.17%) patients were Vitamin D sufficient and remaining 55 (45.83%) were either inefficient (26.67%) or deficient (19.17%). Seventy-three (60.83%) patients had excellent to good outcome whereas 31 (25.83%) patients had fair outcome. Out of remaining 16 patients, 11 (9.17%) patients had poor outcome and 5 (4.17%) patients had very poor outcome. The patients with sufficient Vitamin D status were found to have a better outcome as compared to those patients with inefficient or deficient Vitamin D status and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.01).
Conclusion: It is significant to treat Vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting with hip fractures as Vitamin D deficiency is associated with suboptimal functional outcome in cases with hip fractures
Study of the functional outcome of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee treated with proximal fibular osteotomy
Get PDFBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common painful and chronic condition that affects a large proportion of the population particularly older individuals. Increasing age and obesity are important predisposing factors for the development of knee OA. While in most of the cases, conservative approach is utilized, in patients not responding to conservative management surgical intervention is required. Proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) is one of the important surgical procedures which is being increasingly used for managing knee OA not responding to conservative treatment.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: To study the role of PFO in medial compartment OA of knee. To study the clinical and functional outcomes of OA of knee treated with PFO with respect to pain, disability, and range of movements.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the orthopedic division at Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed College and Hospital, Sangli. Thirty patients with medial compartment knee OA and treated by PFO were included in this study on the basis of pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body mass index (BMI) of all patients was determined. Pre-operative and post-operative visual analog scale index was analyzed to asses pain relief. Functional outcome was assessed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 30 studied cases, there were 18 (60%) females with a M: F ratio of 1:1.5. Fourteen (46.7%) of the participants had right side affected whereas 16 (53.3%) of the participants had left knee OA. The mean age of affected cases was found to be 71.27±9.92 years. The median (IQR) of age (years) was 72.00 (64–80) and the age ranged from 52 to 90 years. Nine patients (30%) were obese (BMI ≥30) and 13 (43.33%) patients were overweight (BMI ≥25 but <30). There was a significant reduction in pain at the time of final follow-up (P<0.0001). Analysis of functional assessment showed that mean JOA scores at the time of final follow-up had significantly improved as compared to JOA scores at the time of presentation. Complications were seen in 4 (13.33%) patients.
Conclusion: Proximal femoral osteotomy is effective in relieving pain and improving joint function in patients with medial compartment OA. It is an easy, safe, and cost-effective procedure with minimal complications
Reality, Dream and Hallucination in the Literary Works of Muhammad al-Qurmuti
Get PDFMuhammad al-Qurmuti is one of the most eminent of Omani writers. He was
born in al-Buraymi in 1955. He is the author of a single volume of short stories, entitled
Sa’at ar-rahil al-multahiba, which was published in Muscat in 1988. The unequivocally
innovative and surrealist short stories that are contained in the volume are filled with
the spirit of decadence and catastrophism. And here also the echoes of the philosophy
of Schopenhauer, Bergson and Nietzsche are strong. This collection is an
excellent example of how well western philosophy, thought and art has acclimatized to
the Arab world. Muhammad al-Qurmuti presents the reader with an ‘exciting hour
of travel’ to the land of dreams, desires, illusions, and hallucinations, to a world in which
the possible will within a second cease to exist
