178 research outputs found
A numerical study on the role of wind forcing, bottom topography, and nonhydrostacy in coastal upwelling
No full textContribution Based Author Categorization to Calculate Author Performance Index
Full text linkDespite the widely used author contribution criteria, unethical authorship practices such as guest, ghost, and honorary authorship remains largely unsolved. We have identified six major reasons by analyzing 78 published papers addressing unethical authorship practice. Those are lack of: (i) awareness about and (ii) compliance with authorship criteria, (iii) universal definition and scope for determining authorship, (iv) common mechanisms for positioning an author in the list, (v) quantitative measures of intellectual contribution; and (vi) pressure to publish. As a possible measure to control unethical practice, we have evaluated the possibility to adopt an author categorization scheme – proposed according to the common understanding of how first-, co-, principal-, or corresponding- author is perceived. Based on an online opinion survey, the proposed scheme was supported by ~80% of the respondents (n=370). The impact of the proposed categorization was then evaluated using a novel mathematical tool to measure “Author Performance Index (API)” that can be higher for those who might have authored more papers as primary and/or principal authors than those as coauthors. Hence, if adopted, the proposed author categorization scheme together with the API would provide a better way to evaluate the credit of an individual as a primary and principal author
The need to quantify authors’ relative intellectual contributions in a multi-author paper
No full textMeasuring the contribution of each author of a multi-author paper has been a long standing concern. As a possible solution to this, we propose a list of intellectual activities and logistic support activities that might be involved in the production of a research paper. We then develop a quantitative approach to estimate an author's relative intellectual contribution to a published work. An author's relative intellectual contribution is calculated as the percent contribution of an author to each intellectual activity involved in the production of the paper multiplied by a weighing factor for each intellectual activity. The relative intellectual contribution calculated in this way can be used to determine the position of an author in the author list of a paper. Second, a corrected citation index for each author, called the T-index, can be calculated by multiplying the relative intellectual contribution by the total citations received by a paper. The proposed approach can be used to measure the impact of an author of a multi-authored paper in a more accurate way than either giving each author full credit or dividing credit equally. Our proposal not only resolves the long standing concern for the fair distribution of each author's credit depending on his/her contribution, but it will also, hopefully, discourage addition of non-contributing authors to a paper
Recovery of pixels with extremely turbid waters and intensive floating algae from false cloud masking in satellite ocean color remote sensing
No full textWe describe our work to improve the cloud masking for satellite ocean color data processing over extremely turbid waters and intensive algae blooms (or floating algae), which are often identified as cloud mistakenly. An improved cloud masking approach is proposed using additional information of the Alternate Floating Algae Index (AFAI) and a new normalized AFAI (nAFAI), as well as ratios of the Rayleigh-corrected reflectance ε(RC)(λi, λj) from the blue and near-infrared bands. Specifically, the proposed algorithm adds a recovery procedure after the original cloud masking to retrieve falsely masked pixels and identifies these pixels as turbid waters, floating algae or absorbing aerosols, from which ocean color products can be further derived. The new cloud masking algorithm has been implemented in the NOAA Multi-Sensor Level-1 to Level-2 (MSL12) ocean color data processing system for routine global data processing for various satellite ocean color sensors, e.g., the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI), the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), etc. Results show that the new cloud masking has remarkably improved ocean color data coverage, particularly over highly turbid coastal and inland waters, as well as intensive floating algae, eliminating almost all false cloud pixels. For example, using the new cloud masking algorithm, the falsely masked pixels are recovered, reducing cloud masking pixels by ∼30–40% and ∼40–50% over highly turbid China East Coast and China’s Lake Taihu, respectively
RECENT MICROWAVE STUDIES OF FREE RADICALS AND OTHER UNSTABLE SPECIES.
No full textAuthor Institution: Atomic Physics Division, National Bureau of Standards, Infrared and Microwave Spectroscopy Section Washington, D. C., 2023
A Statistical Fetching Approach for Effective Management of Physical Register File in Simulatenous Multi Threading Processors
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) is a processor design technique that supports concurrent execution of instructions from multiple threads in every cycle by sharing the key datapath components. Efficient utilization of the shared resources is critical to achieving high-performance gain. In the SMT architecture, the physical register file is partially shared, and this inter-thread sharing of the physical registers reduces the number of registers required in the SMT processors than needed in deploying multiple superscalar processors to achieve a similar throughput. However, overwhelming occupancy of the physical register file by the slower threads can lead to the shortage of registers available for the other threads in the system and thus degrade the overall performance of the system. In this paper, we propose an intelligent fetching algorithm for the effective management of the partially shared physical register file. We demonstrate that by suspending the threads with the higher register hold time in the fetch stage can improve the overall system performance by a considerable margin. An improvement of up to 77% and 63% is achieved when the proposed scheme is applied to the 4-threaded and the 8-threaded system respectively. This fetching technique does not cause starvation of threads and achieve a high degree of execution fairness as demonstrated by the Harmonic IPC improvement of up to 90% and 57% for the 4-threaded and 8-threaded systems. Besides, the throughput of a 4-threaded system with 160 register file entries is comparable to the performance of default system with 256 register entries indicating a resource saving of 60%.Electrical and Computer Engineerin
Limited segmented LRU cache replacement algorithm with set aging for memory sensitive benchmarks
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.Cache memory replacement algorithms are an essential part of the memory hierarchy used to bridge the gap in speed between the CPU and main memory. The Segmented Least Recently Used (SLRU) algorithm is a variation of the popular Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm. SLRU considers both when a line was accessed last and if it has been re-referenced while in the cache to make its eviction decision. This is achieved by dividing a cache set into two halves: the protected segment and the probationary segment. While SLRU has been shown to perform better than LRU, it has some shortcomings such as requiring a static ratio between the number of protected and probationary segments. In this work, we will first perform an in-depth analysis of SLRU to explore the effect of the protected and probationary segment sizes on performance and better understand its behavior. From there, we will propose two enhancements to SLRU: Limited SLRU (LSLRU) and Set Aging. These two enhancement allow the SLRU algorithm to adapt the segment ratio to the behavior of the current working set of benchmarks. Our work will focus on a subset of the SPEC2K6 benchmark suite that are considered memory sensitive. The hardware costs of both SLRU and the proposed algorithm will also be examined.Electrical and Computer Engineerin
THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM OF METHYLENE CYCLOBUTANE.
No full text D. R. Lide, Jr., J. Mol. Spectroscopy 8, 142 (1962). S. S. Butcher and C. C. Costain, J. Mol. Spectroscopy 15, 40 (1965).Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Stanford UniversityRotational transitions of methylene cyclobutane in the first seven levels of the low-frequency ring-puckering vibration have been observed. The transitions for the and states are strongly perturbed by a coupling between rotation and vibration and could not be fit with a rigid rotor model. A similar, but much smaller, perturbations can be seen for the and states. The perturbation is adequately explained by assuming that the first two vibrational levels are nearly degenerate. The Hamiltonian describing this perturbation was first discussed by for cyanamide and later used by Butcher and to explain the spectrum of cyclopentene. Calculations show that the inversion splitting in methylene cyclobutane is about 33600 Mc
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