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Mesterlære - en undersøgelse af begrebet mesterlære i en historisk kontekst
No full textThis thesis seeks to investigate in the historical development of the old concept of apprenticeship in connection with the transformation of Danish vocational education. By analysing the cultural history of the concept of apprenticeship, through the publications on Håndværkets kulturhistorie (the cultural history of the craft) (Degn & Dübeck m.fl. 1981-1984) and Dansk vekseluddannelse i støbeskeen (the molding of danish vocational training) (Sigurjonson 2002) it shows that the concept of apprenticeship within the craft sector, was originated as a tradition in the associations of craftsmen from the Middle age. At this time the concept of apprenticeship consisted of oral assignment of craft-related knowledge and techniques from master to apprentice. My conclusion is that, by the establishment of the concept of apprenticeship, it had a two-dimensional shape: 1) the personal dimension of the master’s influence on the apprentice, through his distinctive artistic expression and creative solutions, as well as his fatherly educational role in the household (to become someone) and 2) the handover of knowledge about craft engineering (to master something). School is a counter-concept for apprenticeship, and I find that especially the introduction of schooling in 1814 has had greatly influenced on the development of the concept of apprenticeship. I find that through the legislation and the reforms of Danish vocational education, through time, the concept apprenticeship has gone from its original two-dimensional form to contain only to second dimension to master something. By discussing my recitals with some of Klaus Nielsen and Steinar Kvales' sights in the book Mesterlære – læring som social praksis (The concept of Apprenticeship - learning as social practice) (1999) and the analysis done by Steen Wackerhausen in the article Det skolastiske paradigme og mesterlære (the scholastic paradigm and apprenticeship) (1999) I come to the conclusion that, whilst Nielsen and Kvale calls the concept of apprenticeship “outdated” and Wackerhausen believe that it is in “decline”, I find that by the influence of the concept of school, which has removed the dimension of becoming someone, the concept of apprenticeship contains now only the second dimension to master something. That means that the concept of Apprenticeship is neither outdated or declined, it has simply become something else
Apprenticeship - from the Middle Age to current vocational education
No full textAbstractThis thesis seeks to investigate the old concept of apprenticeship in connection with the historical development of the Danish vocational educations. By making relevant dives in the history of the design and growth of the Danish vocational educations as modern educational institutions, I seek to show which transformations apprenticeship, understood as an educational practise, has undergone from time to time. Although this subject is relatively unexplored in historical as well as educational studies, there appears to be an overall consensus in the field, that apprenticeship within the craft sector from the Middle Ages, is where it all began. As I started looking through the historic craft guild’s sets of rules, it appeared that apprenticeship in the Middle Ages was more about socialization into the special and closed cultures of craftsmen, than about passing on the crafts. By analysing important political issues and historical events in the history of Danish vocational educations, I seek to illustrate how apprenticeship has been transformed in various ways throughout time. It showed that the different transformations of apprenticeship as an educational practise, that I found, has been heavily influenced by the steadily rising discourse about the value of school education, which has formed the entire Danish education system over the past two hundred years.At the end of the thesis I discuss what significance apprenticeship have had in the historical development of the Danish vocational educations, and furthermore in which form apprenticeship is expressed in the educational studies as well as in politics today. <br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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