1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Resveratrol Affects Ganglioside Remodeling and Inflammatory Markers in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Get PDFData was collected via microscopic images of cells, measurement of cell viability by hemacytometer, gene expression by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and ganglioside expression via glycolipid isolation and HPTLC.Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV astrocytoma, is the most aggressive form of brain cancer with a 15 - 18 month survival rate. Challenges to its successful treatment include the invasive growth of tumor cells into surrounding healthy tissue. Studies have attributed GBM progression partly to inflammation created through communication with tumor-invading microglia cells. Studies have also shown that gangliosides, a family of glycolipids known for their involvement in specific neuropathologies, play a role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and the immune response. GBM stem cells are known to over-express ganglioside GD3 and its synthetic enzyme, GD3 synthase. Targeting of GD3 synthase has therefore become a focus of GBM intervention. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol known for its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. RSV has also demonstrated ganglioside-altering effects, as well as powerful antitumor effects on GBM including inhibition of tumor growth, invasiveness and the sphere-forming ability of GBM stem cells, and activation of p53. This study sought to examine the influence of RSV on ganglioside remodeling and tumor cell immune response in GBM and evaluate its potential as a co-therapeutic in GBM intervention. GBM and Adult Pigmented Retinal Epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were treated with RSV for 24h and assayed for viability and ganglioside profiles by HPTLC. Expression of ganglioside synthetic enzymes was evaluated by qPCR using gene specific primers and RT2 Profiler Arrays were used to evaluate inflammatory response and cancer markers. Expression of selected genes was validated by qPCR. RSV had a significant effect in reducing cell viability in GBM without negatively affecting ARPE control cells. RSV also significantly down-regulated expression of all four ganglioside synthetic enzymes. HPTLC analysis showed an effect of RSV treatment on ganglioside profiles however this was less robust. qPCR Arrays yielded more than forty immuno-regulating factors that were either up- or down-regulated by RSV and more than twenty genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death pathways were also affected by RSV treatment. An important consideration in oncology is to maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity. These data suggest that RSV is effective in reducing viability of GBM cells, without adversely effecting normal cells. Down-regulation of ganglioside synthetic enzymes, specifically GD3 synthase suggests it may be an effective complementary intervention in GBM treatment. Co-recruitment of immune factors may provide both additional anti-tumor assistance and cytoprotective support for healthy cells
Comparative Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Temozolomide on Glioblastoma Multiforme
No full textGlioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive form of brain cancer with an average survival time of 14 months. The standard treatment of Temozolomide (TMZ) for GBM has not changed in over 20 years, suggesting a need for new treatment options that can increase survival time and limit negative side effects. However, many challenges stand in the way of drug discovery for GBM, including the blood-brain barrier that can prevent entry of drugs, a compromised immune system, and a unique tumor microenvironment that conditions surrounding cells to support tumor growth and invasion.
Chemotherapeutics cannot specifically target cancer cells, which results in typical side effects such as hair loss, nausea, and vomiting. However, there can also be significant organ toxicity. Such effects can be mitigated following combination treatments with natural products. Of the natural products, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has shown promise with its anti-cancer effects and cytoprotective effects on healthy tissue. This study investigates the role of EGCG in combination with TMZ in both healthy astrocyte cells (SVG) and GBM cell lines. Cell viability assays demonstrated that combination treatments of TMZ + EGCG exhibited no cytotoxic effects on SVG cells, but significantly decreased cell viability of GBM cells. This result demonstrates the ability of EGCG to enhance TMZ efficacy as well as implement a cytoprotective effect on healthy cells. A probe of 84 Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Pathways showed numerous genes that were targeted by individual and combination treatments that play a role in GBMs pathogenesis. Seven of these genes were further validated to confirm their effect from treatments, as well as their implications in healthy cells compared to GBM tumor cells
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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