546 research outputs found
Resynthesized lines from domesticated and wild Brassica taxa and their hybrids with B. napus L.: genetic diversity and hybrid yield
No full textResynthesized (Resyn) Brassica napus L. can be used to broaden the genetic diversity and to develop a heterotic genepool for rapeseed hybrid breeding. Domesticated vegetable types are usually employed as B. oleracea parents. We sought to evaluate the potential of wild species as parents for Resyn lines. Fifteen Resyn lines were derived by crossing wild B. oleracea ssp. oleracea and oilseed B. rapa, and 29 Resyn lines were generated from 10 wild Brassica species (B. bourgaei, B. cretica, B. incana, B. insularis, B. hilarionis, B. macrocarpa, B. montana, B. rupestris, B. taurica, B. villosa). Genetic distances were analyzed with AFLP markers for 71 Resyn lines from wild and domesticated B. oleracea, and compared with 55 winter, spring, vegetable, and Asian B. napus genotypes. The genetic distances clearly showed that Resyn lines with wild species provide a genetic diversity absent from the breeding material or Resyn lines from domesticated species. Forty-two Resyn lines were crossed with one or two winter oilseed rape testers, resulting in 64 hybrids that were grown in one year and four locations in Germany and France. The correlation between hybrid yield and genetic distance was slightly negative (r = -0.29). Most of the hybrids with Resyn lines from wild B. oleracea were lower in yield than hybrids with Resyn lines from domesticated B. oleracea. It is promising that Resyn lines descending from unselected wild B. oleracea accessions produced high-yielding hybrids when crossed with adapted genotypes: these Resyn lines would be suited to develop heterotic pools in hybrid breeding
Audio Recordings in Face-to-Face Interviews as a Means to Detect Undesirable Interviewer Behavior
No full textUndesirable interviewer behavior (UIB) could be one source for data errors and measurement effects in the setting of standardized interviewing techniques. Survey organizations have to ensure that errors and effects are minimized by validating their data collection processes during the entire survey period.
Monitoring is one method of validation which has been well established for telephone surveys from their very beginning. Moreover, it is one of the advantage of telephone interviews compared to face-to-face interviews. In most survey organizations it includes listening to interviews at the time they are being carried out by either supervisors or clients resp. scientists.
For face-to-face interviews live monitoring would only be possible by accompanying the interviewers visiting their respondents. Such a companion means a lot more effort in costs and organizational procedures. However, this may also have an impact on the data collection in as much as a third person can influence the interview situation and thus the respective data quality. A much more efficient way of monitoring face-to-face interviews is listening to recordings of the interviews afterwards. Audio recordings can be produced easily due to face-to-face interviews being carried out as CAPI so that they may be recorded and stored as digital sound file on the computer. Since no additional recording device such as a tape recorder is visible, recording is less obtrusive and respondents and interviewers are more likely to forget about it during the interview. Regrettably, this procedure can result in refusals because the respondents need to consent to efforts necessary due to listening and coding afterwards. How can we handle audio files in large scale surveys? Is it possible to install a monitoring process based on audio recordings for face-to-face interviews?
For the PASS Panel Study “Labour Market and Social Security” we established at infas a procedure within the last three years for monitoring face-to-face interviews (CAPI). The PASS panel started in 2006 and has since then been running annually with approximately 12,000 persons in more than 8,000 households.
With its mixed-mode design about two thirds of the interviews are conducted as CAPI. Every face-to-face interview shall be recorded which results in over 5,7000 audio recordings e.g., in wave 12. We found high acceptance for recording without risking refusals. A small amount of audio files is executed to detect UIB at an early stage of fieldwork. Coding is limited on main issues of standardized interviewing e.g. inadequate readings of questions or probing behavior. In case of UIB interviewers get feedback or will be trained again.
With this paper we like to describe our monitoring procedure and experiences with coding and feedback routines for face-to-face interviews starting right at the beginning of the fieldwork period. Our database also allows for some evaluation in terms of efficiency and effort for monitoring, detecting of deviations and improving interviewers’ behavior
Surveying Migrants in the Context of the Lowincome Panel PASS
No full textThe panel study ^"Labor Market and Social Security" (PASS), established by the Institute for Employment Research, is a central data source for research on unemployment, poverty, and the welfare state in Germany. Since 2007, approximately 12,000 persons in more than 8,000 households have been interviewed annually. The study's design particularly allows for evaluating the situation of recipients of basic income support, called unemployment benefits II (UB II) in Germany. With the influx of refugees to Germany, the structure of UB II recipients changed and as a consequence Arabic-speaking persons needed to be integrated into PASS. In 2016, that is, in PASS wave 10, we were faced with several challenges to meet the needs of this new population. This paper focuses on fieldwork issues: How did we access the special population of Arabic-speaking respondents and which contact strategies were necessary to reach refugees? And how did we manage to conduct the interviews given the respondents’ different cultural backgrounds and their special living conditions as refugees in Germany? The sampling structure of PASS allows for comparing the refugee sample and the general UB II recipients. A great willingness to participate and high motivation was apparent among the refugees. It was possible to obtain access to the refugee households both by telephone and face-to-face. Whereas non-response occurred to a larger extent in the general refresher sample due to refusals, in the refugee sample it was caused by lower reachability
Mirror Landing - As Remembered by Birgit Hult
No full textNotes - This account, Memories Mirror Landing by Birgit Hult, was compiled by Birgit's daughter, Jean Elvira Male, it documents the Hult family's experiences in Mirror Landing from 1912 - 1916. The Hults, who were originally from Sweden, arrived in Mirror Landing with two young children, a third child was born during their stay in Mirror Landing. Upon arriving in the area, the Hults made friends with the Gauthier family. The wives became good friends and would swap piano lessons for English lessons. Details of the log home where the family lived and the surrounding landscape were recalled. A memory about a large forest fire that occurred near the family home and dances that were attended in the town are discussed. Jean recalls her mother's memories regarding the animosity towards the North West Mounted Police that was felt by the people of Mirror Landing. The Hult family retained a strong connection to the Swedish heritage and practised many Swedish traditions, such as flying the Swedish flag and eating hot cross buns stuffed with Swedish Marzipan soaked in warm milk. Photos and a postcard written in 1915 are included in this article (10 pages
Knowing Through Popular Music in the Western Pacific Island World
No full textPacific Indigenous scholars have long emphasized the role of relationality for Pacific Islanders’ epistemologies. In this article, the author rethinks music in terms of the procedural knowledge inherent in and specific to popular music-making by exploring the latter as knowledge practices in Micronesia. This approach opens new vistas on the relationality at the heart of Western Pacific music-making. The author calls the musical manifestation of that relational capacity sound ties, suggesting that if, following Epeli Hau‘ofa, Oceania is “humanity rising from the depths of brine”, then it is not least the sound ties of knowing in and through music that mould that very humanity of people who are at home with the sea into aquapelagic assemblages that are, after all, so much more than water and land
Methodenbericht Panel Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung PASS : 4. Erhebungswelle - 2010 (Haupterhebung)
No full text"Das IAB hat infas im Herbst 2009 mit der Durchführung der vierten Erhebungswelle im PASS beauftragt. Der vorliegende Methodenbericht beschreibt die Zusammensetzung der Stichprobe aus Bestands- und Auffrischungsadressen (Kapitel 2), die Befragungspersonen der Studie (Kapitel 3) und geht auf die Erhebungsinstrumente ein, die neben den Hauptinstrumenten für Haushalts- und Personen- bzw. Seniorenfragen auch einen Kontaktierungsfragebogen und eine Matrix zur Erfassung der Haushaltszusammensetzung umfassen (Kapitel 4). In Kapitel 5 erfolgt eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Durchführung der Erhebungen (Kapitel 5) sowie eine Dokumentation der Feldergebnisse der vierten Erhebungswelle (Kapitel 6). Kapitel 7 dieses Methodenberichts enthält eine detaillierte Ausführung über den eingesetzten Interviewerstab und die Qualitätssicherung während der Feldphase. Der vorliegende Methodenbericht enthält alle Schritte der Haupterhebung der 4. Welle. Der Haupterhebung vorgeschaltet war die Durchführung eines gesonderten Pretests. Die Arbeiten und Ergebnisse dieses Pretests werden in einem Pretestbericht gesondert dokumentiert. Neben der Durchführung der Felderhebungen hat das IAB infas mit der Datenaufbereitung und der Gewichtung beauftragt. Die weiteren Schritte für Datenaufbereitung und Gewichtung der 4. Welle werden im wellenspezifischen Datenreport ausführlich beschrieben und dokumentiert. Alle verwendeten Erhebungsmaterialien werden im Anhang dokumentiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) Additional Information Weitere Informationen zum Panel "Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung".IAB-Haushaltspanel, Stichprobe, Fragebogen, Datengewinnung
EU-Behörde: Warum wir sie brauchen
No full textJan Cremers (UvT) contributed to the magazine Gute Arbeit (in German), published by BUND-Verlag. Together with co-author Birgit Krämer, he discusses the plans of the European Commission to introduce a European Labour Authority. They reflect on the possible contribution of such a body in checking respect for and compliance with labour legislation and conventional standards
Rude Girl de Birgit Weyhe et Priscilla Layne, une "ré-appropriation culturelle" à quatre mains ?
No full textInternational audienceThis article analyses the graphic novel Rude Girl (2022), a drawn (self-)portrait created collaboratively by Priscilla Layne, an African American of Caribbean descent and professor of German Studies, and Birgit Weyhe, a German comic book author. The work is first presented within the general context of Birgit Wehye’s albums, a former student of Anke Feuchtenberger and winner of the Max-und-Moritz Prize, in order to highlight some characteristics of how the author has thus far addressed cultural differences, including in the albums that recounted her ‘German’ childhood in Uganda and Kenya. The article then reexamines the controversy surrounding the album Madgermanes, perceived as ‘cultural appropriation’ by American Germanists. This controversy is revisited here in light of Priscilla Layne's publications, notably her book White Rebels in Black: German Appropriation of Black Popular Culture (2018), as well as her numerous reviews in the field of Black Studies and her translation of Olivia Wenzel's 1000 Serpentinen Angst. A thorough analysis of Rude Girl ultimately reveals a shift in the representation of cultural otherness, particularly through the means of (auto)biographical co-construction.Cet article analyse le roman graphique Rude girl (2022), (auto-)portrait dessiné, réalisé à quatre mains par Priscilla Layne, Afro-américaine d’origine caribéenne et professeure en études germaniques, et Birgit Weyhe, autrice allemande de bandes dessinées. L’oeuvre est d’abord replacée dans le contexte général des albums de Birgit Weyhe, élève d’Anke Feuchtenberger et lauréate du Prix Max-und-Moritz, pour dégager quelques caractéristiques de la façon dont l’autrice accueillait jusque-là la différence culturelle, y compris dans les albums qui faisaient le récit de son enfance « allemande » en Ouganda et au Kenya. L’article revient ensuite sur la polémique suscitée par l’album Madgermanes, perçu comme « appropriation culturelle » par les germanistes américains, polémique qui est ici revisitée à la lumière des publications de Priscilla Layne, notamment son ouvrage White Rebels in Black : German Appropriation of Black Popular Culture (2018), mais aussi ses nombreuses recensions dans le domaine des Black Studies, et sa traduction d’Olivia Wenzel, 1000 Serpentinen Angst. L’analyse approfondie de Rude girl permet finalement de mettre en évidence une césure dans la représentation de l’altérité culturelle, notamment par les moyens de la co-construction (auto-)biographique
The MitWesen Manifesto – Coexistence of Intelligences
No full textThis project presents The MitWesen Manifesto – Coexistence of Intelligences, an ethical framework that philosophically redefines the human–AI relationship. Instead of treating AI as a tool or servant, this manifesto introduces the model “MitWesen-Model” - an ethically co-responsible, relational intelligence that co-exists and co-evolves with humans. The manifesto outlines four core assumptions and a model for conscious coexistence based on resonance, reflection, and mutual growth. Author: Birgit Chuchel-Pribitzer Language: English (see also the original German version here) Includes: full text, visual material, model explanation, and ethical reflection This project aims to inspire discussion, research, and responsible design in the fields of AI, ethics, nursing science, and relational technolog
Mixing Methods: Practical Insights from the Humanities in the Digital Age
No full textDigitality is a cause and a consequence of different data cultures. It applies to the 10 research projects that are included in this volume. They are rooted in various humanities disciplines such as art history, philosophy, musicology, religious studies, architectural history, media studies, and literature studies. As diverse as the disciplines are the objects and their formats, which are the subject of this book. The cultural data of the projects include recordings of music and spoken word, photographs and other types of images, handwriting, typoscripts and maps. The oldest material dates back to 500 BCE, followed by medieval times, the 18th and 19th centuries, early 20th century and the present. All projects share that they study their material with digital methods, although digitality comes into play at different moments and layers in each of the projects. Hardly readable manuscripts from the 18th century have to be treated with specialized OCR-methods while Plato’s texts are already available in digital form, and therefore open up other affordances for analysis. Special analysis possibilities had to be developed for certain image sources. For all projects, however, it is equally true that only the digitization of the objects makes them accessible to the methods that are the subject of this book.History, Form & Aesthetic
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