1,720,977 research outputs found
The IPR System, Venture Capital and Capital Markets – Contributions and Distortions of Small Firm Innovation?
Full text linkThis study explores how capital markets, exemplified by venture capital, and recent trends in the patent system may influence innovation activity and the financing of small businesses. Specifically it is evaluated if there are costs and distortions of incentives related hereto. Additionally, the positive contribution of venture capital in the patenting process is investigated. It is found that trends at a macro economic level is nowadays of major importance for the patenting and innovation behaviour and financing of firms. Patenting has increased in scale, scope and trade volume, patents have become a strategic asset to an extent that may de-link it from innovation activities. The IPR-system may render distortions of innovation activities facilitated by these trends. These distortions may impose costs on the overall function of the innovation system, costs that are unequally distributed among firms as small firms are bearing most of the burdens. The results points to new perspectives on strategy that are important to management of firms and investment funds.Small firms; venture capital; IPR
Finance and Innovation System or Chaos
Full text linkThe present paper discusses an important part of the framework conditions for innovation in a number of European countries (France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom) as well Japan and the United States through a comparison of the development of the financial systems in these countries. The main focus is whether a convergence can be observed between what is traditionally perceived as market based and credit based systems respectively. Based on quantitative statistics it is concluded that a convergence has taken place, and it is becoming increasingly more difficult to divide national financial systems into two main categories based on quantitative data alone. But differences still remain, and the paper continues by discussing reasons for convergence and divergence respectively. These reasons include internationalization, differences in industrial structure, as well as changes in national and international regulation. Before turning to a discussion of the policy perspectives of the observed development the paper discusses the financial systems ability to finance different types of transactions.Financial systems; innovation financing; economic integration and convergence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
National System Perspective on Entrepreneurship
No full textThe literature on National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE) (Acs et al., 2014, 2016) has been claimed to be an important strand of entrepreneurship literature. This paper takes stock of system perspectives on entrepreneur-ship including recent re-vitalizations of the concept. Based on literature studies, the paper contributes with per-spectives on whether the NSE literature is developing in a fruitful manner. It is found that the NSE literature has done a constructive effort to establish metrics that potentially can bring research forward towards a holistic understanding of the entrepreneurship process. However, deficiencies in the ‘new version’ of NSE are pointed out, and it is argued that major adjustments are needed in where the research is going. It is also proposed that more attention should be paid to implications for empirical analyses of the fact that entrepreneurship is a process going on in many different contexts and carried by multiple actors, and that solely focusing on output metrics of entrepreneurship misses the point. The implications from the analyses in the paper include not only renewed theoretical understanding, but also implications for entrepreneurship measurement, -teaching, and -policy.The literature on National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE) (Acs et al., 2014, 2016) has been claimed to be an important strand of entrepreneurship literature. It is of vital importance that this stream of research is on the right track. This paper takes stock of system perspectives on entrepreneurship including these recent re-vitalizations of the concept. Based on literature studies, the paper contributes with perspectives on whether the NSE literature is developing in a fruitful manner, and it is found that the NSE literature has done a constructive effort to establish metrics that potentially can bring research forward towards a holistic understanding of the entrepreneurship pro-cess. However, deficiencies in the ‘new version’ of NSE are pointed out, and it is argued that major adjustments are needed in where the research is going. It is also proposed that more attention should be paid to implications for empirical analyses of the fact that entrepreneurship is a process going on in many different contexts and carried by multiple actors, and that solely focusing on output metrics of entrepreneurship misses the point. The implications from the analyses in the paper include not only renewed theoretical understanding, but also implications for entrepreneurship measurement, -teaching, and -policy
Internships: Meeting Stakeholder Demand for Vocational Curriculum? Benefits and Costs of PBL-Based Practice Learning
No full textThis chapter provides a critical assessment of the use of internships anddiscusses how one model of practice learning works. Practice learning isoften mentioned as superior to pure academically based learning, and studentsdemand more practice elements teaching. This makes education institutionsadopt and market practice learning models uncritically as integrated parts oftheir curriculum. However, there are differences in the learning effects fromdifferent types of internships, and uncritically adopting any internship modeland any volume of learning through practice is likely to be counterproductive.The type of university students-industry collaboration I describe is positivelyevaluated by participants, and seems to spur problem-solving capacity, whichis likely to be productive in the specific collaboration, in the longer term, andpotentially in other contexts. I argue, though, that the benefits of this type oflearning are not harvested without investments and costs. Hence, perceivedbenefits should be evaluated against the associated costs including the learningthat the internship substitutes. In addition to questioning the universal benefitsof internship programmes, I identify problems in measuring the outcomes ofsuch programmes
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