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Utilization of Complementary and Integrative Medicine as exemplified by two different German cross-sectional studies
Get PDFHintergrund: Methoden aus dem Bereich Komplementäre und Integrative Medizin (KIM) werden in Deutschland von einem Großteil der Bevölkerung in Anspruch genommen. Diese Verfahren sind häufig zu wenig wissenschaftlich untersucht. Die Dissertation umfasst zwei Studien, die die Inanspruchnahme von KIM analysieren.
Methoden: Menschen mit einem Bezug zu KIM (Studie I) wurden in den Jahren 2020/21 zu gesundheitsfördernden Selbsthilfemaßnahmen aus dem KIM-Bereich und dem emotionalen Befinden während der COVID-19-Pandemie befragt. Im Jahr 2019 wurden Medizinstudierende (Studie II) zur Inanspruchnahme von und Einstellung zu KIM befragt. Die Daten der explorativen Querschnittserhebungen wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet und vergleichend dargestellt. Es wurden Fragebögen zur Inanspruchnahme und Wirksamkeit von KIM mit einer Auswahl von 17 (Studie I), beziehungsweise 16 (Studie II) KIM-Methoden entwickelt. In Studie I wurde das emotionale Befinden für neun Emotionen mittels numerischer Ratingskalen erfasst. In Studie II wurde eine deutsche Version des Complementary and Alternative Medicine Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) für Medizinstudierende eingeführt (Range von 10 bis 70, höherer Wert ≙ positivere Einstellung zu KIM).
Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten über 2000 Teilnehmende (Studie I: n=1605; Studie II: n=349) eingeschlossen werden, mehrheitlich weibliche (Studie I: 80,6%; Studie II 69,0%). Die in Studie I am meisten genutzten KIM-Methoden zur Gesundheitsförderung waren Naturaufenthalte (85,6%), gesunde Ernährung (85,6%) sowie Bewegung (83,6%). Fast die Hälfte der Medizinstudierenden in Studie II hat bereits KIM angewandt, insbesondere pflanzliche Arzneimittel (34,3%), Yoga (27,4%) und Homöopathie (27,1%). Die Wirksamkeit wurde überwiegend als „stark“ oder „mittel“ (Studie I), beziehungsweise „gut“ oder „etwas“ (Studie II) eingeschätzt. Die Inanspruchnahme von acht Methoden wurde in den Studien ähnlich erfragt: Yoga, Nahrungsergänzungsmittel, Meditation, Anthroposophische Medizin, Heilpflanzen, Indische Medizin, Chinesische Medizin und Homöopathie. Bei Menschen mit KIM-Bezug sind negative Emotionen wie Angst geringer ausgeprägt als positive wie Wohlfühlen. Medizinstudierende befürworten mehr Forschung im Bereich KIM. Ihre Haltung zu KIM ist mit einem CHBQ-Score von 44,2±10,7 (Mittelwert±Standardabweichung) als eher neutral zu bewerten.
Fazit: Die Inanspruchnahme von KIM ist in den untersuchten Studienpopulationen relevant. Die mit Lebensstilmaßnahmen aus dem KIM-Bereich verbundenen Erwartungen hinsichtlich einer Gesundheitsförderung in Krisensituationen könnten einen Einfluss auf das emotionale Befinden haben. Das Interesse von Medizinstudierenden könnte durch die Randposition von KIM im Curriculum bedingt sein. Kausale Zusammenhänge lassen sich aufgrund des Querschnittsdesigns nicht zeigen. Künftige vergleichende Forschung im Bereich KIM benötigt klare Definitionen bei der Abfrage, um Vergleichbarkeit und Validität der Studienergebnisse zu gewährleisten.Background: Methods from the field of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) are used by a large part of the population in Germany, but these procedures are often not or insufficiently scientifically studied. This thesis includes two studies that focus on the use of CIM in two different study populations.
Methods: People with a known connection to CIM (study I) were surveyed in 2020/21 about health-promoting self-help measures from the field of CIM and their emotional status during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, medical students (study II) were surveyed about their use of CIM and attitudes toward CIM. Data from the exploratory cross-sectional surveys were analyzed descriptively and compared. The research group developed questionnaires on the use and estimated effectiveness of CIM with a selection of 17 (study I) or 16 (study II) CIM methods. In study I, the emotional status was assessed for nine emotions by using numerical rating scales. In study II, a German version of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) was introduced (range 10 to 70, higher score ≙ more positive attitude toward CIM).
Results: In total, more than 2000 participants were included (study I: n=1605; study II n=349) in both studies. The majority was female (study I: 80.6%; study II: 69.0%). In study I, frequently used CIM methods for health promotion were staying in nature (85.6%), healthy nutrition (85.6%) and physical activity (83.6%). In study II, almost half of the medical students have already used CIM, especially herbal remedies (34.3%), yoga (27.4%), and homeopathy (27.1%). Efficacy was predominantly rated as “strong” or “moderate” (study I), or “good” or “somewhat” (study II). The use of eight methods was surveyed similarly in both studies: yoga, nutritional supplements, meditation, Anthroposophic
Medicine, herbal medicine, Indian Medicine, Chinese Medicine, and homeopathy. In people with an affinity to CIM, negative emotions such as fear are less pronounced than positive emotions such as wellbeing. Medical students wish for more research on CIM. Their attitude towards CIM can be rated as rather neutral, with an average CHBQ score of 44.2±10.7 (mean±standard deviation).
Conclusion: The use of CIM is relevant in the study populations. Expectations associated with lifestyle measures from the CIM area regarding to health promotion in crisis situations could have an influence on the emotional wellbeing. The interest of medical students towards CIM could be influenced by the marginal position of CIM in the curriculum. Causality cannot be shown due to the cross-sectional design. Future comparative research in the field of CIM requires clear definitions in the survey to establish comparability and validity of the study results
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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