22 research outputs found
THE USE OF TOOTH PIT AND TOOTH/JAW MEASUREMENTS TO IDENTIFY CARNIVORE TAXA RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGE ON SCAVENGED BONE
No full textForensic anthropologists are often asked to analyze and interpret human remains that have been modified or damaged by predators and/or scavengers (White 2000; James et al. 2005; Dupras et al. 2006). The goal of this study is to determine whether it is possible to distinguish carnivore tooth mark characteristics from other carnivore tooth mark characteristics through two separate analyses: first by examination of tooth pitting and second from carnivore tooth and jaw measurements. This is accomplished by visual analysis and measurements of tooth pits left on faunal bones processed by an experimental wolf group as well as carnivore tooth and jaw measurements from a study done by Murmann et al. (2006) and measurements done by the author from samples located in the Philip L. Wright Zoological Museum. In the first analysis, independent t-tests demonstrate that pit lengths found on long bone epiphyses that are less than 4mm are likely to be made by carnivores the same size or smaller than a jackal. If pit lengths found on long bone epiphyses are between 4mm and 6mm, they are likely to have been made by carnivores roughly the same size as baboons, bears, dogs, and wolves and if the pit lengths found on long bone epiphyses measure greater than 6mm, they are likely made by carnivores about the same size as hyenas and lions. Pit breadths between 2mm and 4mm found on long bone epiphyses are associated with carnivores in the size bracket of baboons, jackals, bears and dogs. Pit breadths larger than 4mm found on long bone epiphyses are associated with larger carnivores such as hyenas, lions and wolves. The second analysis, a discriminant function analysis using tooth and jaw measurements distinguishes carnivore tooth mark characteristics from other carnivore tooth mark characteristics left on scavenged remains through the use of the Murmann et al. (2006) measurements with an accuracy of between 75.5% based on “leave one out” cross-validation and 78.3% based on the accuracy of classification of a test sample
Adaptive decision-making as a mediator between self-complexity and stress
No full textAbstract Empirical studies have indicated a relationship between self-complexity and stress, such that greater self-complexity is associated with reduced stress. In addition, previous research has suggested that greater self-complexity allows for more advantageous decisions. Finally, previous studies have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between adaptive decision-making and stress, such that increased stress is associated with a decreased ability to make adaptive decisions, which, in turn, increases future stress. However, no research to date has examined the mechanism behind these relationships. We hypothesized that greater self-complexity would lead to less stress and this relationship would be mediated by increased adaptive decision-making. Fifty-six college students at a private Midwestern university took part in the study. We manipulated self-complexity by asking participants to assign traits to their future self according to three (low complexity) or seven (high complexity) different self-aspects, consistent with a previous manipulation of self-complexity by Setterlund (1994). Next, participants underwent a task—used previously by Levin et al. (2007)—to measure their adaptive decision-making in which they selected either one cup for a guaranteed amount of money, or a set of cups, which would statistically yield a greater or lesser sum of money. Finally, participants took a college student stress scale. The main hypothesis was not supported, as the present study did not find that adaptive decision-making mediated the relationship between self-complexity and stress. However, self-complexity did significantly predict adaptive decision-making for the “risky loss” trials. No other paths yielded significant relationships
Class of 2008, Indiana University School of Law
No full textLucas Adams, Kathryn Ahlgren, Minyoung Ahn, David Amaya, Nate Bailey, Christian Bartholomew, Erin Bauer, Blakeley Beals, Nathan Beard, Renee Beaver, Kristin Belcher, Brittany Bennett, Maria Bennett, Andrew Beyer, Lindsey Blauer, Nicholas Blesch, F. Nicole Bolden, Emmanuel Boulukos, Eric Bowers, Garry Boyle, Joshua Brooks, Michael Brunelle, Corey Buckner, Matthew Butcher, R.J. Butler, Rachel Buxkamper, Matthew Carroll, Brandon Carter, Mario Castillo, Susan Castorina, Shalina Chibber, Cindy Cho, Christina Clark, Jason Clarke, Christal Coakley, James Cohee, Alissa Cohen, Bryan Coulter, Tanner Coulter, Sandra Davis, Carla De La Barra, Peter De Sanctis, Jason Dennis, Kevin Dent, Dave Dinaburg, Rachel Donahou, Meghan Dwyer, Derek Early, Amy Foust, Andrew Fromm, Nicholas Gahl, Phyllisia Gant, Tamar Gontovnik, Eric Goodman, Daniel Goshorn, Malika Graham-Bailey, Francis Granados, Aimee Gravelle, Alexandra Gray, Jessica Guay, Ryan Guillory, Shalonda Guy, Christine Habeeb, Matthew Hagenbush, Joel Haitz, Jeremy Handschuh, Douglas A. Hass, Grant Haynes, Andrew Hedinger, Mitchell Hendrickson, Adam Henry, Jennifer Hesch, Eric Hittinger, Brent Hoard, Pete Holiday, Christopher Holly, Sara L. Hounshell, Willard Hu, John Infante, Irene Jackson, Katherine Jackson, Kristina Jansen, Sarah Jaramillo, Charles Jiang, Caille Johnson, Holly Johnson, Melissa Kaye, Matthew J. Kelley, Angela King, Aaron Kirk, Kurt Kline, Greg Knapp, Alex Kornya, Christopher Koves, Peter Kuo, Matt Lawless, Benjamin Lawrence, Megan Lawrence, Cullen Leege, Matthew Lees, Kevin Ley, Amy Lifshitz, Erica Lin, Kyle Lindskog, Eric Loftman, James Lowry, Aaron Lykling, Jacob Lyons, Jeffrey Macey, Russell Magaziner, Tony Manns, Matt Martin, Michael McBride, Aravon McCalla, Jeremy McCrary, John McKenzie, Gerron McKnight, David McMurtrie, Nicolette Mendenhall, Peter Meyer, Julie Miller, Patrick Molen, Liza Moore, Jonathan Morris, Jennifer Nagourney, Jessica Nation, Yarrow Neubert, Jeremy Noel, Ted Nolting, Jennifer Norton, Jeffrey Novota, Mary Nyman, Matthew O\u27Connor, James Olds, Lindsey Parsons, Jeffrey Peabody, Brian Pearson, Michael Pinkston, John Pinto, Joseph Pletcher, Chloe Pullman, Morgan Rehrig, Brian Reitz, Stephen E. Reynolds, Michael Rittle, Laura Rochet, Michael Rogers, Morgan Rogers, Robert B. Rohla, Matt Roush, Benjamin Ruby, Danielle Ruckle, Luke Rudisill, Christopher Ruegg, Phillip Scaletta, Benjamin J. Schmidt, Annette Schmit, Jennifer Schuster, April Sellers, Catherine Seward, David Shafer, James Shanahan, Andrew Shelby, Ryland Sherman, Rebekah Shulman, Craig Smith, Travis Smith, Dean Snyder, Nate Steed, Aaron Stucky, DeKeyu Summer, Jared Sunday, Paul Threatt, Jacob Trevick, James Tsujimoto, Brett Vanlandingham, Adria Villar, Kyle Waldie, Faye Wanchic, Thayne Warner, Joel Watkins, Sarah Waugh, Destiny Wening, BethAnne Whelchel, Dana Wolk, James Wood, James Woodring, Lili Yan, and Tyler Yeager.
Not pictured: Kenneth Bach, Mindy Boehr, Marek Brustad, Sarah Burrows, Joel Campeau, Caroline Cho, Melissa Clark, Jonathan Conley, Brandi Danzy, Raza Davis, Chien-Hao Huang, Sean Marcus, Jarrette Marley, Tyler Martin, David Meek, Devin Schaffer, and Joshua Zimmerman.
The Recognition Ceremony Program for the Class of 2008 can be found here.https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/composite/1033/thumbnail.jp
Class of 2008, Indiana University School of Law
No full textLucas Adams, Kathryn Ahlgren, Minyoung Ahn, David Amaya, Nate Bailey, Christian Bartholomew, Erin Bauer, Blakeley Beals, Nathan Beard, Renee Beaver, Kristin Belcher, Brittany Bennett, Maria Bennett, Andrew Beyer, Lindsey Blauer, Nicholas Blesch, F. Nicole Bolden, Emmanuel Boulukos, Eric Bowers, Garry Boyle, Joshua Brooks, Michael Brunelle, Corey Buckner, Matthew Butcher, R.J. Butler, Rachel Buxkamper, Matthew Carroll, Brandon Carter, Mario Castillo, Susan Castorina, Shalina Chibber, Cindy Cho, Christina Clark, Jason Clarke, Christal Coakley, James Cohee, Alissa Cohen, Bryan Coulter, Tanner Coulter, Sandra Davis, Carla De La Barra, Peter De Sanctis, Jason Dennis, Kevin Dent, Dave Dinaburg, Rachel Donahou, Meghan Dwyer, Derek Early, Amy Foust, Andrew Fromm, Nicholas Gahl, Phyllisia Gant, Tamar Gontovnik, Eric Goodman, Daniel Goshorn, Malika Graham-Bailey, Francis Granados, Aimee Gravelle, Alexandra Gray, Jessica Guay, Ryan Guillory, Shalonda Guy, Christine Habeeb, Matthew Hagenbush, Joel Haitz, Jeremy Handschuh, Douglas A. Hass, Grant Haynes, Andrew Hedinger, Mitchell Hendrickson, Adam Henry, Jennifer Hesch, Eric Hittinger, Brent Hoard, Pete Holiday, Christopher Holly, Sara L. Hounshell, Willard Hu, John Infante, Irene Jackson, Katherine Jackson, Kristina Jansen, Sarah Jaramillo, Charles Jiang, Caille Johnson, Holly Johnson, Melissa Kaye, Matthew J. Kelley, Angela King, Aaron Kirk, Kurt Kline, Greg Knapp, Alex Kornya, Christopher Koves, Peter Kuo, Matt Lawless, Benjamin Lawrence, Megan Lawrence, Cullen Leege, Matthew Lees, Kevin Ley, Amy Lifshitz, Erica Lin, Kyle Lindskog, Eric Loftman, James Lowry, Aaron Lykling, Jacob Lyons, Jeffrey Macey, Russell Magaziner, Tony Manns, Matt Martin, Michael McBride, Aravon McCalla, Jeremy McCrary, John McKenzie, Gerron McKnight, David McMurtrie, Nicolette Mendenhall, Peter Meyer, Julie Miller, Patrick Molen, Liza Moore, Jonathan Morris, Jennifer Nagourney, Jessica Nation, Yarrow Neubert, Jeremy Noel, Ted Nolting, Jennifer Norton, Jeffrey Novota, Mary Nyman, Matthew O\u27Connor, James Olds, Lindsey Parsons, Jeffrey Peabody, Brian Pearson, Michael Pinkston, John Pinto, Joseph Pletcher, Chloe Pullman, Morgan Rehrig, Brian Reitz, Stephen E. Reynolds, Michael Rittle, Laura Rochet, Michael Rogers, Morgan Rogers, Robert B. Rohla, Matt Roush, Benjamin Ruby, Danielle Ruckle, Luke Rudisill, Christopher Ruegg, Phillip Scaletta, Benjamin J. Schmidt, Annette Schmit, Jennifer Schuster, April Sellers, Catherine Seward, David Shafer, James Shanahan, Andrew Shelby, Ryland Sherman, Rebekah Shulman, Craig Smith, Travis Smith, Dean Snyder, Nate Steed, Aaron Stucky, DeKeyu Summer, Jared Sunday, Paul Threatt, Jacob Trevick, James Tsujimoto, Brett Vanlandingham, Adria Villar, Kyle Waldie, Faye Wanchic, Thayne Warner, Joel Watkins, Sarah Waugh, Destiny Wening, BethAnne Whelchel, Dana Wolk, James Wood, James Woodring, Lili Yan, and Tyler Yeager.
Not pictured: Kenneth Bach, Mindy Boehr, Marek Brustad, Sarah Burrows, Joel Campeau, Caroline Cho, Melissa Clark, Jonathan Conley, Brandi Danzy, Raza Davis, Chien-Hao Huang, Sean Marcus, Jarrette Marley, Tyler Martin, David Meek, Devin Schaffer, and Joshua Zimmerman.
The Recognition Ceremony Program for the Class of 2008 can be found here.https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/composite/1033/thumbnail.jp
Basic biomechanical properties of the human neck related to lateral hyperflexion injury. Final report
No full textNotes: Report covers the period 1 Nov 1973-31 Dec 1974Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Washington, D.C.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/1256/2/32105.0001.001.pd
Field experiment of signs promoting hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textObjective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. public was encouraged to practice good hand hygiene, such as hand washing or the use of hand sanitizer. Young adults reported lower levels of hand hygiene compared to adults of other ages. The aim of the current study was to test the effectiveness of different messages to promote hand sanitizer use among young adults.
Method: Over a 6-week period, we examined whether 3 brief messages (gain-frame, static descriptive norms, dynamic descriptive norms), placed next to sanitizer dispensers in university residence halls, predicted dispenser use in comparison to dispensers with no sign. Amount of sanitizer usage was measured 3 times per week via the weight of dispenser units. We tracked and controlled for the number of positive COVID-19 cases in residence halls because we expected it might influence sanitizer usage.
Results: Compared to no signage, dispensers with signs had 35% greater usage, with the static descriptive norms sign associated with greatest usage (46% compared to no sign), although differences did not reach conventional levels of significance. The strongest predictor of sanitizer use was a residence hall’s degree of COVID-19 risk based on the hall’s case positivity.
Conclusions: Dispensers with signs had higher use than those without signs, but this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that compared to prior research, \u27nudges\u27 such as evidence-based messaging may have had less of an effect on health behavior engagement due to methodological differences across studies or characteristics of the COVID-19 context.</p
Adherence of internet-based cancer risk assessment tools to best practices in risk communication: Content analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: Internet-based risk assessment tools offer a potential avenue for people to learn about their cancer risk and adopt risk-reducing behaviors. However, little is known about whether internet-based risk assessment tools adhere to scientific evidence for what constitutes good risk communication strategies. Furthermore, their quality may vary from a user experience perspective.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to understand the extent to which current best practices in risk communication have been applied to internet-based cancer risk assessment tools.
METHODS: We conducted a search on August 6, 2019, to identify websites that provided personalized assessments of cancer risk or the likelihood of developing cancer. Each website (N=39) was coded according to standardized criteria and focused on 3 categories: general website characteristics, accessibility and credibility, and risk communication formats and strategies.
RESULTS: Some best practices in risk communication were more frequently adhered to by websites. First, we found that undefined medical terminology was widespread, impeding comprehension for those with limited health literacy. For example, 90% (35/39) of websites included technical language that the general public may find difficult to understand, yet only 23% (9/39) indicated that medical professionals were their intended audience. Second, websites lacked sufficient information for users to determine the credibility of the risk assessment, making it difficult to judge the scientific validity of their risk. For instance, only 59% (23/39) of websites referenced the scientific model used to calculate the user\u27s cancer risk. Third, practices known to foster unbiased risk comprehension, such as adding qualitative labels to quantitative numbers, were used by only 15% (6/39) of websites.
CONCLUSIONS: Limitations in risk communication strategies used by internet-based cancer risk assessment tools were common. By observing best practices, these tools could limit confusion and cultivate understanding to help people make informed decisions and motivate people to engage in risk-reducing behaviors
A Web-based interactive training for the selfacquisition of information retrieval skills targeting the PBL students
No full textOBJECTIVE: To provide the medical students involved in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with a remotely accessible training tool for the self acquisition of information retrieval skills.
CONTENT: Access to the training tool is made trough a portal Web site. The tool is initiated with a clinical case. A selection of relevant electronic resources such as dictionaries, encyclopaedias, textbooks, and bibliographical databases is proposed. Each resource comes with search examples achieved by librarians concerning the subject of the clinical case. Each step of the strategy is described, commented and illustrated with a screen copy of the original resource. To reinforce the realism, users are invited to click on the appropriate areas of the screen copy to progress in the search. A catalogue is created with the documents retrieved from the different resources. The catalogue is searchable independently and provides links to full-text when available.
The technical support for the training tool consists of a set of related databases (FileMaker Pro, FileMaker Inc., USA). Data concerning the clinical case, including medical imaging, is contained in a first database. Description of – and links to resources are collected in a second database as well as basic user instructions. For every search example in a specific resource, a database is created from a template, containing all the searched terms and screen copies necessary to provide an interactive demonstration. The catalogue of documents constitutes the last database.
The prototype must now be presented to teachers and students and evaluated for quality, performance and user-friendliness. Results will help us to improve the design and content of the training tool
What Drives Preventive Health Behavior During a Global Pandemic? Emotion and Worry
No full textBackground & Purpose
Primary prevention of COVID-19 has focused on encouraging compliance with specific behaviors that restrict contagion. This investigation sought to characterize engagement in these behaviors in U.S. adults early during the pandemic and to build explanatory models of the psychological processes that drive them.
Methods
US adults were recruited through Qualtrics Research Panels (N = 324; 55% female; Mage = 50.91, SD = 15.98) and completed 10 days of online reports of emotion, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility and worry, and recommended behaviors (social distancing, hand washing, etc.). Factor analysis revealed behaviors loaded on two factors suggesting distinct motivational orientations: approach and avoidance.
Results
Changes in approach and avoidance behaviors over the 10 days indicated large individual differences consistent with three types of participants. Discrete emotions, including fear, guilt/shame, and happiness were associated with more recommended behaviors. Fear and COVID-19 worry indirectly influenced each other to facilitate more behavioral engagement. While emotions and worry strongly predicted individual differences in behavior across the 10 days, they did not predict as well why behaviors occurred on one day versus another.
Conclusions
These findings suggest how daily affective processes motivate behavior, improving the understanding of compliance and efforts to target behaviors as primary prevention of disease.</p
Sexuality and nationality: homophobic discourse and the 'national threat' in contemporary Latvia
No full textThis paper considers why attitudes towards gays and lesbians in
Latvia appear to be more intolerant than in all other EU member states. The paper
argues that while the legacy of communist discourses on homosexuality and
the impact of post-communist transition have played a role in shaping attitudes
towards sexuality and sexual minorities in Central and Eastern Europe, these
factors cannot sufficiently explain the divergence among post-communist states
and, in particular, do not account for Latvia’s extreme position. While acknowledging
that intolerance towards non-heteronormative sexualities cannot be explained
by a single factor, the paper argues that homosexuality has become particularly
reviled in Latvia because it has been widely discursively constructed as
a threat to the continued existence of the nation
