25,715 research outputs found
A novel design for an RF MEMS resistive switch on PCB substrate
No full textCopyright @ 2008 Stimulation Action on MEM
Characterization of generative development in early maturing litchi ‘Early Big’, a novel cultivar in Taiwan
No full textIntroduction. A short harvest window is common in litchi production
worldwide, leading to imbalance between supply and demand for fresh fruit. This problem
can be mitigated with early-maturing cultivars, such as ‘Early Big’, released in 2010 in
Taiwan. Our goal was to characterize the generative development in this novel litchi
cultivar. Materials and methods. The patterns of female flowering and fruit
development, and fruit abscission were investigated in ‘Early Big’ litchi in 2013 and
2014. The relationship between the second round (2ndR) blooming and the first round
(1stR) fruit was
studied. The ambient temperature in both years was recorded. Results and discussion.
2–3 weeks after full female bloom (AFFB) the 2ndR flowering occurred, followed
by fruit abscission with loss of 95% fruit within 4 weeks AFFB in ‘Early Big’ litchi,
resulting in low yield at harvest. The 2ndR blooming was negatively correlated with the
1stR fruit
retention rate from week 4 AFFB in 2013. Overall, the period of low temperature from
November through to the following March was longer in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013. The
trait of early maturing in ‘Early Big’ is mainly due to early flowering. Temperature may
be related to the generative development in ‘Early Big’. The accumulation of low
temperature in early spring may be related to poor initial fruit set. Conclusion.
The presence of 2ndR flowering also potentially reduced the 1stR fruit set and retention.
These issues must be addressed to develop field strategies to improve yield in ‘Early Big’
litchi
Rationalize the Structure of Production and Study on Extending the Fruiting Season of Litchi in Taiwan
No full text我國荔枝產業長期以來深受品種少、產期集中、優良品種不易栽培且成本高、果實不耐貯藏等問題所困擾。農業試驗所所育成的 7 個品種，可把產期從當前集中於 5-6 月底的現象，藉有計畫性的品種更新將產期調節至 3-8 月中旬，其中盛產期可達 3 個月。此外，‘玉荷包’的產期調節技術，可使產期由南部恆春的 5 月上旬，延長至中部的 7月上旬。藉由品種多樣化，及產期調節技術雙重的應用，使市場供需趨於平衡，並可分散勞力，降低生產成本，減輕氣象因素所造成的風險，對增加農友的收益有很大的幫助。
The main constraint in the litchi industry in Taiwan is the short production season lead to the imbalance between supply and demand in market, due to ‘Hak Ip’ planting too much. The 7 novel varieties released from Taiwan Agricultural research institute, have different fruit maturity seasons and good fruit quality. Based on the policy of the ‘right cultivar for the right land’ cultivate them in proper ecological regions will effectively adjust the current production period which are concentrated in late May and June extend to the period from late March to mid-August, it will match market requirements. Furthermore, researcher have developed cultural technology to adjust production period which apply it for ‘Yu Her Pau’ can make the period from early May in Hengchun, which locate in the most southern township of Taiwan, extend to early July in central Taiwan
Variation of Fruit Characters among Longan (Euphoria longana Lam.) Varieties in Taiwan
No full text調查臺灣52龍眼品種及部份品種於不同地區不同年份之果實性狀變異顯示各種果實性狀均受品種、地區、年份之影響，尤以眾重最為明顯。調查107組樣品之果實性狀變異範圍如下，果色均爲黃褐色，各品種有深淺之不同，部份帶有果粉；果肉半透明，淡白至淡黃之間；肉質有軟脆之分，以脆肉較多；種子色由紅褐至黑褐，以黑褐較多。成熟期自7月至10月，以8月最多；果重介於5.2至18.2公克之間，平均10.6公克，種子重介於0.5至2.5公克之間，平均1.8公克；果肉可溶性固形物含量在10.3%至26.0%之間，平均18.3%；果肉率在50.0%至70.8%之間，平均61.6%。果實大小和果重、果皮重、種子重、果肉重有顯著之正相關。粉殼爲最主要之品種，其次爲紅殼及青殼，其餘均少量栽培。目前龍眼栽培之主要問題爲：1.需有不同成熟期、大果、豐產之品種以調節產期。2.植株矮化之方法。3.隔年結果之防止。4.每穗果數之控制，以免果實因結果太多而變小。
Summary The variation of fruit characters among 52 longan varieties at different locations and years in Taiwan was investigated Most fruit characters studied were affected by different varieties, locations, and years. The effect was most significant in fruit weight. The variation of fruit characters of 107 samples measured was as follows. The fruit is light to dark yellow-brown. The aril is translucent white to light yellow. The seed is red brown to black brown. The mature season was from July to October. Most were harvested in August. Fruit weight ranged from 5.2 to 18.2 grams (mean=10.6 g), Seed weight ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 grams (mean=1.8 g). Soluble solids in aril ranged from 10.3 to 26.0% (mean=18.3%). Aril ratio in fruit ranged from 50.0 to 70.8 (mean-61.6%). Fruit size was significantly related to fruit weight, peel weight, peel weight and aril weight. The cultivar Feng Ko accounts for more than 80% of longan production in Taiwan. It is followed by Hong Ko and Ching Ko. Current problems confronting longan culture in Taiwan are: l) needs of varieties with large fruit, high yield and various mature season, 2) control of plant height to lower cost of management, 3) methods to control irregular bearing, and 4) methods of thinning to control fruit number per cluster
Measuring and analyzing German and Spanish customer satisfaction of using the iPhone 4S Mobile Cloud service
Full text linkThis paper presents the customer satisfaction analysis for measuring popularity in the Mobile Cloud, which is an emerging area in the Cloud and Big Data Computing. Organizational Sustainability Modeling (OSM) is the proposed method used in this research. The twelve-month of German and Spanish consumer data are used for the analysis to investigate the return and risk status associated with the ratings of customer satisfaction in the iPhone 4S Mobile Cloud services. Results show that there is a decline in the satisfaction ratings in Germany and Spain due to economic downturn and competitions in the market, which support our hypothesis. Key outputs have been explained and they confirm that all analysis and interpretations fulfill the criteria for OSM. The use of statistical and visualization method proposed by OSM can expose unexploited data and allows the stakeholders to understand the status of return and risk of their Cloud strategies easier than the use of other data analysis
Molecular identification of weevils significant for customs inspection and quarantine importance
No full textEffects of Different Nitrogen Dosages on the Growth and Development on Fruits and Seasonal Changes of Mineral Elements in Leaves
No full text以百香果臺農雜交1號盆栽試驗探討氮肥濃度(5、10、15、20 mM)對其生長發育之影響；並於臺東之果園進行取樣分析，調查其葉片主要元素含量之週年變化。
氮肥濃度以15 mM處理較佳，無論地上部、根生長勢與元素含量均較5、10 mM處理組爲優。20 mM處理雖地上部生長較佳，但根生長受阻且磷、鉀、鈣等元素吸收較少，且氮素在組識中累積，可能已呈氮素過量的現象。
不同節位的葉片，由頂部往基部，氮及磷含量漸降，而鈣和鎂則漸升，鉀含量以葉片接近展開的時期爲最高。
分析要素含量週年變化顯示，氮、磷、鉀含量在11月達全年設高峯後漸降，至4月有一低峯出現，在生長期中受到開花着果與生長週期改變而起伏，鈣的全年變化幅度不大，鎂則較不規則。此等變化受植株生長發育、氣候因子及果園管理之影響。
The effects of nitrate concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 mM) on growth of potted passionfruit were studied. The seasonal changes of mineral elements in leaves grown in orchards at Taitung were also analysed.
Application of 15 mM nitrogen resulted in a more vigorous growth thn that of 5 or 10 mM. Nitrogen with 20 mM retarded root growth and the absorption of P, K and Ca, and meanwhile, nitrate was accumulated in the tissues. It appeared that 20mM nitrogen is excessive for the growth of passionfruit.
As passionfruit leaves increased in age, the N and P contents decreased and Ca and Mg increased. K content attained maximum when leaf almost fully expended.
The analysis of seasonal changes of macroelements in leaves showed that N, P and K contents reached their maximum in November and minimum in April. Only small difference for Ca content and no definite trend for Mg content were founded
Effect of Nitrogen Concentrations of Hydroponic Media on Flowering and Fruiting of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
No full text秋末冬初荔枝持續生長的營養枝條尚未花芽創始，而起因常被認為與水份充分供應有關，但氮素溶解於水而為植株所吸收亦會導致此種現象。荔枝著果率低的原因也常被推測與氮素供應有關。為釐清水份與氮素對荔枝開花結果的影響並準確控制氮素供應，本研究利用水耕栽培系統對‘黑葉’高壓苗進行0 mg/l (對照)，14mg/l 及42 mg/l 的氮素濃度處理。開花表現以14 mg/l 處理最佳，每株開花枝條比率約為其他處理的兩倍；且第一支花穗至最後一支花穗萌出期間隔最短，花穗抽出最為整齊；花穗長度亦顯著較42 mg/l 及0 mg/l 處理為長。然而在花穗形態方面，僅0mg/l 處理為純花穗。結果表現以14 mg/l 處理最佳，不管是在幼果期(果徑約為1 公分)或成熟果階段，均有最高的結果枝條比率，42 mg/l 處理初期結果枝條比率很差，0 mg/l 處理則在果實發育階段落果嚴重。氮素會直接影響荔枝開花與結果的表現，若氮素管理得當並有一段適當的低溫，則即使荔枝處於高的水份狀態亦有花芽創始。對荔枝花芽創始而言，最適當的氮素處理濃度應較14 mg/l 略低，但14 mg/l 氮素處理對荔枝花穗發育及結果較為適當。著果期葉片分析的資料顯示，隨著處理氮素濃度的增加，葉片內氮與鈣的含量隨之增加，但可溶性醣、磷、鎂、鋅的含量卻呈下降的趨勢，鉀、鐵含量以0 mg/l 處理最高，錳含量似不受處理中氮素濃度的影響，而銅含量則以42 mg/l 處理最高，澱粉含量以14 mg/l 處理最高。這些結果顯示足夠的碳水化合物應是14 mg/l 處理結果率較高的原因之一。
Air layered litchi plants of cv. Haak Yip were grown in hydroponic solutions containing 0 (control), 14, 42 mg/l nitrogen to study the effect of nitrogen concentrations on flowering and fruiting. At 14 mg/l N, the percentage of flowering shoots per tree was about two fold when compared with the other two treatments and resulted in the longest average length of panicles. The panicles grown from 14 mg/l and 42 mg/l N treatments were leafy. At 0 mg/l N, however, the panicles, though shorter then the usual length, were leafless, the result of normal flower initiation. Fruiting was best at 14 mg/l N treatment, also. Whether in young or mature fruit stage, the percentage of fruiting shoots was highest at 14 mg/l N treatment. Poor fruit setting occurred at 42 mg/l N. At 0 mg/l N, heavy fruit drop occurred during fruit development stage. The result of this study indicated that nitrogen per se did have direct influence on the processes of flowering and fruiting in litchi. The most suitable nitrogen concentration for flower initiation might be lower than 14 mg/l. However, for flower development and fruiting, 14 mg/l nitrogen supplied might be suffient. As concentrations increased, N Ca contents increased in leaves but soluble sugar P Mg Zn were in the opposite direction. K Fe were highest in 0 mg/l N. Cu was highest in 42 mg/l N. No significant difference in Mn content among three treatments. Starch content was highest in 14 mg/l N treatment. Adequate carbohydrate might be one of reasons why 14 mg/l N treatment got better fruit set and development
Effects of Pruning and Girdling on Flowering of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
No full text本研究目的在探討枝葉修剪與環剝處理對荔枝開花率、抽穗時期及花穗性狀的影響。試驗方法是以‘玉荷包’荔枝進行修剪與環剝單獨及複合處理。在未修剪及弱剪處理者環剝，對開花率沒有影響；但強剪處理者若不配合環剝則開花率顯著降低。弱剪處理不會延後花穗抽出時期，而強剪處理則會延後15天。環剝處理不會延後抽穗時期。修剪與環剝單獨及複合處理均會影響花穗發育。花穗長度隨著修剪程度的增加而顯著縮短，而環剝處理則會更加縮短；強剪處理會提高花穗之偏雌花比率而弱剪處理則無此效應；環剝處理亦會提高花穗之偏雌花比率，但不會受到修剪程度的影響。本試驗結果顯示，修剪處理會因延遲枝條成熟時間或延後抽穗日期之效應，而使花芽誘導及花穗發育時期所處的微氣候環境不同，進而影響荔枝開花及花穗性狀。但環剝處理對開花及花穗性狀的影響，則與改變植體的生理機制有關。在本文中亦討論了修剪與環剝處理對荔枝結果的影響。
The separated and combined effects of pruning and girdling branches on flower initiation and flower development were investigated in ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Light pruning and girdling did not influence the flowering, but flowering in heavy pruning was very little in the absence of girdling. Light pruning did not delay the date of panicle emergence, but heavy pruning delayed 15 days. Girdling pre se did not influence the date of panicle emergence. Pruning and girdling did influence the panicle development. Pruning reduced panicle length and the response was stronger in heavy pruning. Combined treatments of pruning and girdling reduced panicle length more than spearated treatment. Heavy pruning increased the proportion of female flowers, but not in light pruning. The proportion of female flowers increased by girdling but the response had no relations to pruning. The results of this experiment indicated that the effects of pruning on flower initiation and flower development are related to environmental factors, especially air temperature, during flower induction and early stage of flower development. However, the effects of girdling on flower initiation and flower development depend relatively on the changes of physiological mechanism in plant. The effects of pruning and girdling on fruit set were discussed in this report
Editorial Overview of the Special Issue “Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants”
No full textWe are glad to share the editorial summary of the Special Issue on "Biological Activity Evaluation Process of Natural Antioxidants," edited by Chang-Wei Hsieh and Jer-An Lin of National Chung Hsing University [...
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